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Expert perspective on technological choice for cooking energy transition in Nepal

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Clean Energy 2024年第4期8卷 40-48页

作者： Dipesh kc Sunil Prasad Lohani Poushan Shrestha Chunyu Xue Renewable and Sustainable Energy Laboratory(RSEL) Department of Mechanical EngineeringKathmandu UniversityKathmanduNepal Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina

Solid biomass dominates as the primary source of cooking energy,especially in rural households of *** use of solid biomass has a detrimental effect on health,exacerbates the burden of biomass collection,and hampers access to clean *** the factors influencing the choice of modern cooking fuels is crucial to improving energy security and resilience and easing the transition to clean *** study evaluates technological choices for the transition in cooking energy from the perspective of experts working in the government,non-government,and academia sectors.A structured questionnaire survey was prepared with five criteria and nine cooking technology ***-one experts responded to the survey,and their responses were analyzed using the analytical hierarchy *** study reveals that efficiency and capital cost are the primary criteria for selecting cooking tech*** most suitable clean cooking technology is an induction stove followed by a hot plate,while the least preferred technology is a Bayupankhi stove followed by two-pothole mud improved cooking *** ensure the robustness of the method,sensitivity analysis was performed on the two primary criteria efficiency and capital cost of the cooking *** analysis revealed robust and consistent rankings of *** study should help create a conducive environment for relevant stakeholders and policymakers to formulate and implement relevant policies and strategies to accelerate the cooking energy transition in Nepal.

关键词： cooking technologies cooking energy transition electric cooking residential sector analytical hierarchy process

Subclinical hepatitis E virus genotype 1 infection:The concept of“dynamic human reservoir”

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第4期16卷 506-510页

作者： Ananta Shrestha Suresh Basnet Sudhamshu kc Department of Hepatology Alka HospitalKathmandu 44600Nepal Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21201United States Department of Hepatology National Academy of Medical SciencesKathmandu 44600Nepal

Hepatitis E virus(HEV)is hyperendemic in South Asia and Africa accounting for half of total Global HEV *** are eight genotypes of *** them,the four common ones known to infect humans,genotypes 1 and 2 are prevalent in the developing world and genotypes 3 and 4 are causing challenge in the industrialized *** HEV viremia in the general population,especially among blood donors,has been reported in the literature *** clinical implications related to this asymptomatic viremia are unclear and need further *** of viremia due to HEV genotype 1 infection,apparently among healthy blood donors is also reported without much knowledge about its infection ***,while HEV genotype 3 is known to be transmitted via blood transfusion in humans and has been subjected to screening in many European nations,instances of transmission have also been documented albeit without significant clinical *** of HEV genotype 1 in endemic areas often show waxing and waning *** sporadic occurrence of HEV infection interrupted by outbreaks have been frequently *** absence of known animal reservoir,where HEV exists in between outbreak is a mystery that needs further ***,occurrence of asymptomatic HEV viremia due to HEV genotype 1 during epidemiologically quiescent period may explain that this phenomenon may act as a dynamic *** HEV genotype 1 infection cannot cause chronicity,subclinical transient infection and transmission of virus might be the reason it sustains in interepidemic *** might be the similar phenomenon with SARS COVID-19 corona virus infection which is circulating worldwide in distinct phases with peaks and plateaus despite vaccination against *** view of existing evidence,we propose the concept of“Dynamic Human Reservoir.”Quiescent subclinical infection of HEV without any clinical consequences and subsequent transmission may contribute to the ex

关键词： Hepatitis E Viral hepatitis Genotype 1 Dynamic human reservoir Subclinical infection

Gender-and Age-Group Specific Association of Persistent Organic Pollutants(POPs)Exposure with Diabetes Mellitus:Korean National Environmental Health Survey(KoNEHS)2015−2017

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Environment & Health 2024年第5期2卷 322-331页

作者： Inae Lee Min Joo Kim Sohyeon Choi Young Joo Park Jeongim Park Gökçe Nur Ayaz Gowoon Lee Yoon Hee Cho Hye Li Jeon Chulwoo Lee Gi Jeong Cheon Min Kyong Moon Kyungho Choi Graduate School of Public Health Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Institute of Health and Environment Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul 03080Republic of Korea Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center Seoul 06236Republic of Korea Department of Environmental Health Sciences Soonchunhyang UniversityAsan 31538Republic of Korea Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences Graduate School of Convergence Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Center for Environmental Health Sciences Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMontana 59812United States Environmental Health Research Division National Institute of Environmental ResearchMinistry of EnvironmentIncheon 22689Republic of Korea Department of Nuclear Medicine Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul 03080Republic of Korea Division of Endocrinology Department of Internal MedicineSeoul National University Boramae Medical CenterSeoul 07061Republic of Korea

Exposure to persistent organic pollutants(POPs)has been reported as a potential risk factor for diabetes in ***,effect modifications by sex and age,especially among Asian populations,have seldom been *** the present study,we assessed associations of major POPs exposure including organochlorine pesticides(OCPs),polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs),and polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs),with diabetes in Korean adults(n=1,295),a subset of the Korean National Environmental Health Survey(KoNEHS)Cycle 3(2015−2017).In the adult population,serum levels of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes(DDTs)and PCB167 showed an increased odds ratio(OR)for *** stratified by gender,associations became stronger and more consistent in women:In women,serum levels of OCPs including p,p′-DDT,p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene(p,p′-DDE),andΣOCPs and mono-ortho PCBs,such as PCB118 and PCB157,were significantly associated with *** the male participants,however,no significant positive associations were *** stratified by a cutoff age of 50 years,most studied POPs except PBDEs,i.e.,p,p′-DDT,p,p′-DDE,PCB118,PCB157,PCB167,PCB138,and PCB153,showed significant associations with diabetes,in the older *** the younger group,however,no measured POPs showed a significant positive *** of endogenous sex hormones or interaction of POPs on aryl hydrocarbon receptors may partly explain the observed differences by gender and age,although further experimental confirmations should *** findings show that POPs exposure at the current levels is associated with diabetes among general Korean adults,and such associations could be modified by gender and age.

关键词： persistent organic pollutants diabetes age gender toxicity equivalency factor

An efficient framework for ensemble of natural disaster simulations as a service

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第5期11卷 1859-1873页

作者： Ujjwal kc Saurabh Garg James Hilton Discipline of ICT University of TasmaniaHobartAustralia Data61 CSIROMelbourneAustralia

Calculations of risk from natural disasters may require ensembles of hundreds of thousands of simulations to accurately quantify the complex relationships between the outcome of a disaster and its contributing *** large ensembles cannot typically be run on a single computer due to the limited computational resources *** Computing offers an attractive alternative,with an almost unlimited capacity for computation,storage,and network ***,there are no clear mechanisms that define how to implement these complex natural disaster ensembles on the Cloud with minimal time and *** such,this paper proposes a system framework with two phases of cost optimization to run the ensembles as a service over *** cost is minimized through efficient distribution of the simulations among the cost-efficient instances and intelligent choice of the instances based on pricing *** validate the proposed framework using real Cloud environment with real wildfire ensemble scenarios under different user *** experimental results give an edge to the proposed system over the bag-of-task type execution on the Clouds with less cost and better flexibility.

关键词： Wildfire prediction Ensemble simulation Cloud computing Natural disaster models

A UNIFIED ENERGY APPROACH TO A CLASS OF MICROMECHANICS MODELS FOR MICROCRACKED SOLIDS

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 1995年第2期8卷 110-120页

作者： HUANG, Y HWANG, kc UNIV ARIZONA DEPT AEROSP & MECH ENGNTUCSONAZ 85721 TSING HUA UNIV DEPT ENGN MECHBEIJING 100084PEOPLES R CHINA

Micromechanics models have been developed For the determination of the elastic moduli of microcracked solids based on different approaches and interpretations, including the dilute or non-interacting solution, the Mori-Tanaka method, the self-consistent method, and the generalized self-consistent method. It is shown in the present study that all these micromechanics models can be unified within an energy-equivalence framework, and that they differ only in the way in which the microcrack opening and sliding displacements are evaluated. Relevance to the differential methods and the verification of these models are discussed.

关键词： MICROMECHANICS ELASTIC MODULUS MICROCRACKED SOLID ENERGY APPROACH

Cardiac tissue-derived extracellular matrix scaffolds for myocardial repair:advantages and challenges

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2019年第4期6卷 185-199页

作者： Pawan kc Yi Hong Ge Zhang Department of Biomedical Engineering The University of AkronOlson Research CenterRoom 301L260 S Forge StreetAkronOH 44325USA Department of Bioengineering University of Texas at Arlington500 UTA BlvdRoom 240ArlingtonTX 76019USA

Decellularized extracellular matrix(dECM)derived from myocardium has been widely explored as a nature scaffold for cardiac tissue engineering *** dECM offers many unique advantages such as preservation of organ-specific ECM microstructure and composition,demonstration of tissue-mimetic mechanical properties and retention of biochemical cues in favor of subsequent ***,current processes of dECM decellularization and recellularization still face many challenges including the need for balance between cell removal and extracellular matrix preservation,efficient recellularization of dECM for obtaining homogenous cell distribution,tailoring material properties of dECM for enhancing bioactivity and prevascularization of thick *** review summarizes the recent progresses of using dECM scaffold for cardiac repair and discusses its major advantages and challenges for producing biomimetic cardiac patch.

关键词： myocardial infarction decellularized extracellular matrix scaffold cardiac tissue engineering

Asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy in Port Harcourt

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第7期3卷 580-583页

作者： Odigie JO Anugweje kc Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology College of Health SciencesUniversity of Port HarcourtPort Harcourt Nigeria

Objective:To determine the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy,to consider the antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of involved uropathogens,to elucidate the safety profiles of antibacterial agents,and to evaluate the role of urinalysis in screening for asymptomatic ***:About 760 apparently healthy pregnant subjects attending the Antenatal Clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital were randomly selected for this *** and microscopy,culture,and sensitivity tests were carried out on clean-catch midstream urine samples obtained from *** reagent strips were used for urinalysis while the standard wire loop and agar diffusion technique were respectively employed for culture and susceptibility ***:A total of 111 samples yielded moderate or severe growth on culture after 48 hours comprising 35,31,27,and 18 isolates of Staphylococcus spp.,Proteus spp.,Klebsiella spp.,and Escherichia spp,*** results were positive for the presence of nitrate reductase and leucocyte esterase activity in 17 urine samples of these 111 *** isolates showed a general sensitivity to the fluorinated quinolones and to ***:The prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria is 14.6%, with the predominant organism being Staphylococcus *** used for treatment should have excellent fetal safety profiles,and a rapid screening test with a high negative predictive value for asymptomatic bacteriuria would be ideal.

关键词： Asymptomatic bacteriuria Leucocyte esterase Nitrate reductase Screening tests

AN INVESTIGATION ON ASYMPTOTIC NEAR-TIP FIELDS OF DYNAMIC CRACK IN AN ELASTIC-PERFECTLY PLASTIC COMPRESSIBLE MATERIAL

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 1997年第3期10卷 198-211页

作者： Zhu, XK Hwang, kc Zhang, L TSING HUA UNIV DEPT HYDRAUL ENGNBEIJING 100084PEOPLES R CHINA TSING HUA UNIV DEPT ENGN MECHBEIJING 100084PEOPLES R CHINA

The stress and deformation fields near the tip of a mode-I dynamic crack steadily propagating in an elastic-perfectly plastic compressible material are considered under plane strain conditions. Within the framework of infinitesimal displacement gradient theory, the material is characterized by the Von Mises yield criterion and the associated J(2) flow theory of plasticity. Through rigorous mathematical analysis, this paper eliminates the possibilities of elastic unloading and continuous asymptotic fields with singular deformation, and then constructs a fully continuous and bounded asymptotic stress and strain field. It is found that in this solution there exists a parameter phi(0) which cannot be determined by asymptotic analysis but may characterize the effect of the far field. Lastly the variations of continuous stresses, velocities and strains around the crack tip are given numerically for different values of phi(0).

关键词： plane strain elastic perfectly plastic material compressibility mode-I crack dynamic propagation asymptotic field

Uncontrolled hypertension in older patients： markers and associated factors to masked and white-coat effect

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2016年第8期13卷 672-678页

作者： Nereida kc Lima Julio C Moriguti Eduardo Feniolli Division of General lnternal Medicine & Geriatrics Internal Medicine Department Ribeirao Preto Medical School Sao Paulo University Sao Paulo Brazil

Background Hypertension is the main risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, affecting more than half the elderly population. It is essential to know if they have proper control of hypertension. The aim of this study was to identify the associated factors to masked uncon- trolled hypertension and false uncontrolled hypertension in older patients. Methods Two-hundred seventy-three individuals （70.1±6.7 years-old） had blood pressure （BP） measured at the office and by ambulatory BP monitoring （ABPM）, with the definition of controlled group （C）, individuals with high office BP and adequate ABPM, called white-coat effect group （WCE）, uncontrolled （UC）, and subjects with ap- propriate office BP and elevated ABPM denominated masked effect group （ME）. Age, body mass index, diabetes, pulse pressure （PP） and BP dipping during sleep were evaluated （Kruskal-Wallis test and logistic regression models）. Results Age was higher in UC than in C and ME （P 〈 0.01）, and 24-h ABPM PP was lower in C （48± 7 mmHg） and WCE （51±6 mmHg） than in UC （67±12 mmHg） and ME （59±8 mmHg）（P 〈 0.01）. Sleep systolic BP dipping was lower in ME than in C （P = 0.03）. Female gender was associated with a greater chance of being of ME group, which showed a higher PP and lower BP dipping during sleep. Conclusions In older individuals, office BP measure- ments did not allow the detection of associated factors that would permit to differentiate WCE from UC group and C from ME group. ABPM favored the identification of a higher PP and a lower BP dipping during sleep in the masked effect and uncontrolled groups.

关键词： Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring Hypertension Masked effect The aged White coat effect