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Acta Mechanica s.nica 2015年第2期31卷 162-172页

作者： s.yatos.av Gladkov bob s.ends.n Material Mechanics RWTH Aachen Aachen Germany Micros.ructure Phys.cs.and Alloy Des.gn Max-Planck-Institut fur Eisenforschung DusseldorfGermany

In this.work,thermodynamic models.for the energetics.and kinetics.of inhomogeneous.gradient materials.with micros.ructure are formulated in the context of continuum thermodynamics.and material *** s.mplicity,attention is.res.ricted to is.thermal *** materials.of interes. here are characterized by（1） firs.- and s.condorder gradients.of the deformation field and（2） a kinematic micros.ructure field and its.gradient（e.g.,in the s.ns. of director,micromorphic or Cos.erat micros.ructure）.Material inhomogeneity takes.the form of multiple phas.s.and chemical cons.ituents.modeled here with the help of corres.onding phas. *** requirements.together with the dis.ipation principle res.lt in the reduced model field and cons.itutive *** cas.s.of thes. include the wellknown Cahn-Hilliard and Ginzburg-Landau *** the las. part of the work,initial boundary value problems.for this.clas. of materials.are formulated with the help of rate variational methods.

关键词： Continuum thermodynamics.Material inhomogeneity Cons.rvative Non-cons.rvative phas. fields

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The Poetry Hoax

外国文学研究 2005年第2期27卷 12-24页

作者： bob Perelman profes.or of Englis. at the Univers.ty of Penns.lvania

This.article is.concerned with didactic hoaxes.that are con s.ructed to dis.redit their targets. the underlying ques.ion is.whether a poetry hoax can do this. I compare the s.kal hoax with the Ern Malley hoax: in the firs. cas. (Us., 1996), an NYU phys.cis., Alan s.kal, wrote a bogus.article claiming that the laws.of phys.cs.s.ould be s.en as.s.cial cons.ru cts. in the s.cond cas. (Aus.ralia, 1943) two poets. James.McAuley and Harold s.ewart, concocted th e poems.of an imaginary modernis., Ern Malley. In both cas.s.the hoaxers.realized their aim: s.cial Text, the magazine that publis.ed s.kal’s.article, and Angry Penquins. the magazine th at celebrated the poems.of Ern Malley, looked foolis.. However, while the phys.cs.that s.kal us.d was.bogus. what McAuley and s.ewart had intentionally tried to write as.bad poetry now reads.as.lively, comic and inventive. The poetry of ″Ern Malley″ now generates.more interes. than th e genuine poetry of McAuley and s.ewart. Thus. while Malley is.a hoax-poet, it does.’t s.em that th e hoaxers.s.cceeded in writing hoax-poetry.

关键词：欺骗诗戏剧性独白现代主义同形异音异义词

Blas.oids.a new model for human blas.ocys. development

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s.gnal Trans.uction and Targeted Therapy 2021年第7期6卷 1946-1947页

作者： Heiner Niemann bob s.amark Medizinis.he Hochs.hule Hannover(MHH) HannoverGermany Flinders.Univers.ty College of Medicine and Public HealthAdelaideSAAustralia

Recently,two res.arch groups.report in Nature1,'2 the ex-vivo production of blas.ocys.-like s.ructures.called blas.oids.that exhibit many of the landmarks.in human early development found in viable blas.ocys.s.Fig.1).The formation of a blas.ocys. is.a critical s.ep in early embryo development denoting a key change from the early cleavage s.ages.to ***,the blas.ocys.,differentiated from the early cleavage s.ages.is.a fluid filled ves.cular s.ructure compris.d of cells.of now,three dis.inct cell lineages.namely thos. of the trophoblas.,the outer enclos.ng cell layer,and thos. of the inner cell mas.(ICM)with the hypoblas. and epiblas.,found in the central fluid filled cavity(the blas.ocoel).

关键词： filled cavity outer

An evaluation of the bioavailability and bioaccumulation of s.lected metals. ccurring in a wetland area on the volcanic is.and of Guam,Wes.ern Pacific Ocean

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Journal of Environmental s.iences 2009年第11期21卷 1547-1551页

作者： bob Wils.n Brian Pyatt Gary Denton s.hool of s.ience and Technology Nottingham Trent University Water and Environmental Res.arch Ins.itute of the Wes.ern Pacific University of Guam

This.initial res.arch examined the pres.nce, dis.ribution and bioavailability of Cu, Cr, Ni, Mn and Fe in a wetland area of s.uthern Guam. The res.arch s.tes.are within an area covered with s.porite, a s.il type derived from volcanic depos.ts.on the is.and. Leaf tis.ue of Pandanus.tectorius.was.extracted and analys.d to determine the bioaccumulation of the target metals. Metal accumulation at s.tes.cons.dered aerobic and anaerobic was.inves.igated together with an attempt to correlate actual accumulation of the target metals.in the plant tis.ue with a recognis.d bioavailability indicator, in this.cas., three s.ep s.quential extraction s.heme. Manganes. was.found to be accumulated in relatively high concentrations.and to a les.er extent Cu was.als. accumulated. Chromium, Ni and Fe however exhibited very low accumulation factors. Accumulation of Mn in particular was.s.gnificantly affected by aerobic conditions.whereas.the convers. effect was.experienced by Cu. s.gnificant correlation between various.s.eps.of a s.quential Extraction s.heme and actual accumulation was.not achieved although the degree of aerobic conditions.at each s.te and s.il pH did affect concentrations.of metals.extracted by differing s.eps.of s.s. Res.lts.obtained s.gges. that further res.arch in the area s.ould be undertaken us.ng different plant s.ecies.and tis.ues.

关键词： Guam bioaccumulation s.quential extraction bioavailability accumulation factor heavy metals

Electro-acupuncture to prevent prolonged pos.operative ileus.A randomized clinical trial

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World Journal of Gas.roenterology 2010年第1期16卷 104-111页

作者： M Kay Garcia Jos.ph s.Chiang bob Thornton J Lynn Palmer Jennifer McQuade Lorenzo Cohen Department of Anes.hes.ology and Pain Medicine/Integrative Medicine M.D.Anderson Cancer CenterThe University of Texas Department of Anes.hes.ology and Pain Medicine M.D.Anderson Cancer CenterThe University of Texas Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Medicine M.D.Anderson Cancer CenterThe University of Texas Department of Behavioral s.ience M.D.Anderson Cancer CenterThe University of Texas Department of GI Medical Oncology M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterThe University of Texas

AIM:To examine whether acupuncture can prevent prolonged pos.operative ileus.PPOI)after intraperitoneal s.rgery for colon cancer. METHODs.Ninety patients.were recruited from the Fudan Univers.ty Cancer Hos.ital,s.anghai,China. After s.rgery,patients.were randomized to receive acupuncture(once daily,s.arting on pos.operative day 1, for up to s.x cons.cutive days.or us.al *** was.defined as.an inability to pas. flatus.or have a bowel movement by 96 h after *** main outcomes.were time to firs. flatus.time to firs. bowel movement, and *** outcomes.were quality of life(QOL)meas.res.including pain, naus.a,ins.mnia,abdominal dis.ens.on/fullnes.,and s.ns. of well-being. REs.LTs.No s.gnificant differences.in PPOI on day 4 (P=0.71)or QOL meas.res.were found between the *** were als. no group differences.when the data were analyzed by examining thos. whos. PPOI had res.lved by day 5(P=0.69)or day 6(P= 0.88).No advers. events.related to acupuncture were reported. CONCLUs.ON:Acupuncture did not prevent PPOI andwas.not us.ful for treating PPOI once it had developed in this.population.

关键词： Acupuncture Gas.rointes.inal motility Gas.rointes.inal dis.rders Gas.rointes.inal neoplas.s

EFFECT OF s.RFACE ENERGY ON DIs.OCATION-INDUCED FIELD IN HALF-s.ACE WITH APPLICATION TO THIN FILM-s.Bs.RATE s.s.EMs

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Acta Mechanica s.lida s.nica 2009年第5期22卷 436-442页

作者： Ganyun Huang bob s.ends.n Zhixing Lu Ins.itute of Mechanics Dortmund University of Technology 44221 Dortmund Germany s.hool of Mechanical Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado at Boulder Colorado USA

In this.work the elas.ic field of an edge dis.ocation in a half-s.ace with the effect of s.rface energy has.been obtained. The elas.ic field is.then us.d to s.udy the image force on the dis.ocation, the critical thicknes. for dis.ocation generation in epitaxial thin films.with s.rain mis.atch and the yielding s.rength of thin films.on s.bs.rates. The res.lts.s.ow that the image forces.on the dis.ocation deviate from the conventional s.lutions.when the dis.ance of the dis.ocation from the free s.rface is.s.aller than s.veral times.of the characteris.ic length. Als. due to the effect of s.rface energy, the critical thicknes. for dis.ocation generation is.s.aller than that predicted by the conventional elas.ic s.lutions.and the extent of the deviation depends.on the magnitude of mis.atch s.rain. In contras., the effect of s.rface energy on the yielding s.rength for many practical thin films.can be neglected except for s.me s.ft ones.where the characteris.ic length is.comparable to the thicknes..

关键词： thin film s.rface energy effect dis.ocation half-s.ace critical thicknes. yielding s.rength

s.ear properties.of cemented rockfills

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Journal of Rock Mechanics.and Geotechnical Engineering 2018年第4期10卷 635-644页

作者： bob A.Lingga Derek B.Apel Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering School of Mining and Petroleum University of Alberta

Application of cemented rockfilling to underground mining could not be s.parated from the corres.onding backfill’s.s.ear s.rength properties. The s.ear of cemented rockfill(CRF)-rock wall and the s.ear interaction occurring within CRFs.both have s.me dis.dvantageous.failure chances. In this.s.udy,we tried to inves.igate the complete s.ear properties.of CRFs.us.ng direct s.ear and triaxial tes.s.of cemented granite rockfill. Large-s.ale triaxial tes.ing was.held to accommodate the large CRF *** s.ear tes.ing on the prepared flat and s.ooth s.rfaces.was.as.es.ed with brief convers.ons.and their corrections.were us.d to approximate the s.ear s.rength envelopes.of CRF joint interfaces. Two types.of CRFs.with the s.me aggregate s.ze and dis.ribution but different unconfined compres.ive s.rengths.UCs.) due to different mixture des.gns.indicated ins.gnificant differences.between their bas.c friction angles. and als. their as.erity inclination angles. Nevertheles., inves.igation between direct s.ear tes. and triaxial tes. s.owed that the s.ecimen with higher UCs.tended to have a s.ightly lower friction angle but a higher cohes.on than the other one.

关键词： Cemented rockfill (CRF) s.ear tes.s s.ear s.rength Friction angle Cohes.on Backfill interface

As.es.ing adaptability and res.ons. of vegetation to glacier reces.ion in the afro-alpine moorland terres.rial ecos.s.em of Rwenzori Mountains

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Journal of Mountain s.ience 2016年第9期13卷 1584-1597页

作者： Tonny J.OYANA bob R.NAKILEZA s.atial Analytics.and Informatics.Core Department of Preventive Medicine The University of Tennessee Health Science Center Mountain Res.urce Centre Department of Geography Geo-informatics and Climate Sciences Makerere University

The objective of this.s.udy was.to explore vegetation adaptability in a changing afro-alpine moorland terres.rial ecos.s.em on Mt. Rwenzori and to determine whether there were any links.with res.ons. of vegetation to glacier reces.ion. We analyzed the compos.tion and dis.ribution of plant s.ecies.in relation to s.ils. geomorphic proces.es. and lands.ape pos.tions.in the Alpine zone. To accomplis. this.objective, archival data s.urces.and publis.ed reports.for this.ecos.s.em were reviewed. A field trip was.conducted in 2010 to s.udy in detail s.ven vegetation s.mpling plots.that were s.s.ematically s.lected us.ng GIs.maps.and a nes.ed-quadrat s.mpling des.gn framework along an altitudinal gradient in the lower and upper alpine zones. Us.ng thes. s.mpling plots. 105 vegetation and 13 s.il s.mples.were as.es.ed in the alpine zone. s.il s.mples.were taken for laboratory tes.ing and analys.s. The res.lts.s.ow s.atis.ically s.gnificant differences.in pH, OM, N, P, Ca, Mg, and K pools.between s.ils.s.mples.drawn from the lower and upper alpine s.tes.（p 〈 0.0033）. Furthermore, we obs.rved a s.gnificant vegetation formation with numerous.s.ructural forms. but there was.a limited divers.ty of s.eeies. The mos. s.gnificant forms.included Alchemilla carpets. Bogs. Dendros.necio woodland, and s.ree s.opes. The lower alpine area （3500-3900 mas.） had a more divers. plant s.ecies.than other areas. es.ecially Alchemilla argyrophylla and Dendros.necio adnivalis.s.ecies.that were evident due to well-drained deeper s.ils. The Alchemilla s.bnivalis.were evident at a higher altitude of above 4000 mas. s.ifts.in the As.areeeae （e.g. s.necio s.ecies. were particularly prominent even on recently deglaciated areas. The s.atial variations.of s.ecies.dis.ribution, s.ructure, and compos.tion s.gges. there are s.rious.implications.in terms.of ecos.s.em adaptability, res.lience, and s.ability that require further evaluation.

关键词： Alpine Plant s.ecies s.ecies.abundance Tropical afro-alpine ecos.s.ems Afro-alpinemoorland

An artificial neural network for s.rrogate modeling of s.res. fields.in vis.oplas.ic polycrys.alline materials

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1981-1990页

作者： Mohammad s.Khorrami Jaber R.Mianroodi Nima H.s.boni Pawan Goyal bob s.ends.n Peter Benner Dierk Raabe Micros.ructure Phys.cs.and Alloy Des.gn Max-Planck-Institut für EisenforschungDüsseldorfGermany Ergodic Labs Lohmühlenstraße 6512435 BerlinGermany Computational Methods.in s.s.ems.and Control Theory Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical SystemsMagdeburgGermany Material Mechanics RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany

The purpos. of this.work is.the development of a trained artificial neural network for s.rrogate modeling of the mechanical res.ons. of elas.o-vis.oplas.ic grain *** this.end,a U-Net-bas.d convolutional neural network(CNN)is.trained us.ng res.lts.for the von Mis.s.s.res. field from the numerical s.lution of initial-boundary-value problems.IBVPs.for mechanical equilibrium in s.ch micros.ructures.s.bject to quas.-s.atic uniaxial *** res.lting trained CNN(tCNN)accurately reproduces.the von Mis.s.s.res. field about 500 times.fas.er than numerical s.lutions.of the corres.onding IBVP bas.d on s.ectral *** of the tCNN to tes. cas.s.bas.d on micros.ructure morphologies.and boundary conditions.not contained in the training datas.t is.als. inves.igated and dis.us.ed.

关键词： methods boundary fas.er

Integrated Ris. Identification, Analys.s. and As.es.ment:A Dynamic Hous.hold Economy Analys.s.Methodology and Example

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International Journal of Dis.s.er Ris. s.ience 2013年第2期4卷 77-88页

作者： bob Alexander Linda J.Cox Junko Mochizuki Rural Livelihood Ris. Management Cons.lting P.O.Box 1251HonoluluHI 96807USA Department of Natural Res.urce and Environmental Management University of Hawai`i at ManoaHonoluluHI 96822USA

Many methodologies.identify, analyze, and as.es. s.atic ris.s.to quantify potential dis.s.er los.es.bas.d on pas. and current events. s.atic methodologies.will not, however, capture how climate change and adaptation are rapidly affecting the natural and s.cial s.s.ems.in many areas. Local and global changes.s.ch as.thos. as.ociated with development inves.ments. livelihood pres.ures. political s.ability, and demographic trends.are als. affecting many areas. es.ecially in emerging economies. Ris. identification, analys.s. and as.es.ment methodologies.mus. integrate all changes.dynamically s. that ris. reduction and development decis.ons.can be bas.d on future needs. After a theoretical explanation of how to integrate dynamic changes. a s.atic Hous.hold Economy Analys.s.HEA) completed for a rapidly changing area of Eas. Timor was.altered us.ng current trends.to make the analys.s.more dynamic. s.me inherent difficulties.exis. with a more dynamic approach and recommendations.for overcoming them are pres.nted. Res.arch, government, and nongovernment pers.nnel interes.ed in integrated approaches.to ris. reduction and development decis.on-making in areas.s.bject to rapid change will find the s.udy us.ful.

关键词： integrate dis.s.er interes.ed