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Perenniality:From model plants to applications in agriculture

Molecular Plant 2024年第1期17卷 141-157页

作者： Bo Zhao Jia-Wei Wang National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences(CEMPS)Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology(SIPPE)Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Shanghai 200032China School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture CASShanghai 200032China New Cornerstone Science Laboratory Shanghai 200032China

To compensate for their sessile nature,plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms enabling them to adapt to ever-changing environments.One such prominent feature is the evolution of diverse life history strategies,particularly such that annuals reproduce once followed by seasonal death,while perennials live longer by cycling growth seasonally.This intrinsic phenology is primarily genetic and can be altered by environmental factors.Although evolutionary transitions between annual and perennial life history strategies are common,perennials account for most species in nature because they survive well under year-round stresses.This proportion,however,is reversed in agriculture.Hence,perennial crops promise to likewise protect and enhance the resilience of agricultural ecosystems in response to climate change.Despite significant endeavors that have been made to generate perennial crops,progress is slow because of barriers in studying perennials,and many developed species await further improvement.Recent findings in model species have illustrated that simply rewiring existing genetic networks can lead to lifestyle variation.This implies that engineering plant life history strategy can be achieved by manipulating only a few key genes.In this review,we summarize our current understanding of genetic basis of perenniality and discuss major questions and challenges that remain to be addressed.

关键词： perenniality developmental plasticity flowering time poplar Arabis alpina perennial crops life history strategy

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Optimal Neuro-Control Strategy for Nonlinear Systems With Asymmetric Input Constraints

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2020年第2期7卷 575-583页

作者： Xiong Yang Bo Zhao School of Electrical and Information Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China School of Systems Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

In this paper,we present an optimal neuro-control scheme for continuous-time(CT)nonlinear systems with asymmetric input constraints.Initially,we introduce a discounted cost function for the CT nonlinear systems in order to handle the asymmetric input constraints.Then,we develop a Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation(HJBE),which arises in the discounted cost optimal control problem.To obtain the optimal neurocontroller,we utilize a critic neural network(CNN)to solve the HJBE under the framework of reinforcement learning.The CNN's weight vector is tuned via the gradient descent approach.Based on the Lyapunov method,we prove that uniform ultimate boundedness of the CNN's weight vector and the closed-loop system is guaranteed.Finally,we verify the effectiveness of the present optimal neuro-control strategy through performing simulations of two examples.

关键词： Adaptive critic designs(ACDs) asymmetric input constraint critic neural network(CNN),nonlinear systems optimal control reinforcement learning(RL)

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ePUF: A Lightweight Double Identity Verification in IoT

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2020年第5期25卷 625-635页

作者： Bo Zhao Pengyuan zhao Peiru Fan the School of Cyber Science and Engineering Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China the School of Cyber Security and Computer Hebei UniversityBaoding 071002China

Remote authentication is a safe and verifiable mechanism.In the Internet of Things (loT),remote hosts need to verify the legitimacy of identity of terminal devices.However,embedded devices can hardly afford sufficient resources for the necessary trusted hardware components.Software authentication with no hardware guarantee is generally vulnerable to various network attacks.In this paper,we propose a lightweight remote verification protocol.The protocol utilizes the unique response returned by Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) as legitimate identity basis of the terminal devices and uses quadratic residues to encrypt the PUF authentication process to perform a double identity verification scheme.Our scheme is secure against middleman attacks on the attestation response by preventing conspiracy attacks from forgery authentication.

关键词： Internet of Things(IoT) Identity-Based Encryption(IBE) Physically Unclonable Functions(PUFs)

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Trust Assessment Under the Integrated Air-Space-Ground Network Environment

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2023年第2期28卷 405-420页

作者： Zhe Liu Yinghao Yuan Bo Zhao Xiaoyan Peng Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Security and Trust Computing Ministry of EducationSchool of Cyber Science and EngineeringWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology Shanghai 210000China

While playing an increasing role in the field of air-space integrated networks,terminal entities are exposed to more serious security risks than ordinary terminal entities on the ground,including but not limited to astronomical risks(e.g.,solar activity),link disruptions,and malicious attacks.In the integrated air-space-space network,after the terminal entity is loaded into the rocket for launch,real-time monitoring measures are implemented on the ground site for all links to the intended orbit.On top of the real-time monitoring measures,the need for a comprehensive evaluation of the air-space integration network is growing.In this paper,we further classify the security requirements and evaluation benchmarks of the terminal entities of the air-space integration network around the security evaluation requirements of the air-space integration network.On this basis,the relevant concept of trust value is introduced to assess the security status of terminal entities of air-space-sky integrated networks,and on this basis,a security assessment system of air-space-sky integrated network terminals is proposed.The exploration and development of field applications are initially realized.

关键词： air-space-ground integrated network terminal security trust elements sensitivity real-time judgment

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Development of rocking constraint device with vertical damping capacity for three-dimensional base-isolated frame structures

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2023年第3期17卷 350-367页

作者： Yundong SHI Qi WANG Wenqing DONG Bo Zhao Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Institute of Engineering MechanicsChina Earthquake AdministrationHarbin 150080China Key Laboratory of Earthquake Disaster Mitigation (Ministry of Emergency Management)Harbin 150080China School of Civil Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China

A new rocking constraint device(RCD)is developed for three-dimensional(3D)base-isolated frame structures by connecting a custom-designed cylinder pair to provide vertical damping with replaceable damping components installed outside the cylinders when the superstructure undergoes translational motion,and rocking constraint capacity when the superstructure is susceptible to rocking.Theoretical formulas for calculating the damping and rocking constraint stiffness of the RCD are proposed.Two series of sinusoidal loading tests are conducted at different loading frequencies and amplitudes to verify the damping and rocking constraint performance of the RCD.The test results show that the cylinder without orifices on its piston can provide the desired damping with a replaceable damping component,and that the RCD can effectively suppress rocking.Although the vertical stiffness of an individual cylinder is affected by the location of the replaceable damping component and loading frequency,the average vertical stiffness of the two cylinders,which determines the rocking constraint stiffness of the RCD,is independent of the two factors.Comparisons of the test and theoretical results indicate that the errors of the proposed formulas for calculating the damping and rocking constraint stiffness of the RCD do not exceed 12.9%and 11.0%,respectively.

关键词： three-dimensional isolation rocking behavior rocking constraint device replaceable damping component sinusoidal test

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Community-acquired pneumonia complicated by rhabdomyolysis: A clinical analysis of 11 cases

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第24期7卷 4218-4225页

作者： Bo Zhao Rui Zheng Department of Respiratory Medicine Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University

BACKGROUND In clinical practice, community-acquired pneumonia(CAP) can be complicated by rhabdomyolysis(RM), and RM symptoms are mild and easily missed during diagnosis. Moreover, available data on RM induced by CAP are mainly from case reports. Due to the relatively low incidence of CAP-induced RM, more systematic studies are required to understand the characteristics of CAP-induced RM to improve its diagnosis and treatment.AIM To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with CAP-induced RM.METHODS This was a retrospective study of 11 patients with CAP-induced RM. Baseline characteristics, diagnostic work-up, and laboratory test results were summarized and compared with those of 48 patients with exercise-induced RM admitted during the same period.RESULTS CAP-induced RM was more common in men, and affected older patients compared to those with exercise-induced RM. However, the average age of the patients in this study was lower than the age of peak incidence of CAP in adults in China. The major clinical manifestations were high fever and respiratory symptoms. RM symptoms were mild and often overlooked. Patients with CAP-induced RM had elevated inflammatory parameters, respiratory alkalosis,relatively low serum potassium levels and often had abnormalities in hepatic and renal function and cardiac enzymes. Compared with the exercise group, the pneumonia group had lower levels of creatine kinase and myoglobin, a higher incidence of acute kidney injury, and worse renal function and prognosis.Adverse events were mainly related to the severity of CAP.CONCLUSION CAP-induced RM has different clinical characteristics from those of exerciseinduced RM. Early detection and treatment could reduce complications and consequently shorten the treatment course.

关键词： Community-acquired pneumonia Rhabdomyolysis Exercise Acute kidney injury

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Supervised Contrastive Learning with Term Weighting for Improving Chinese Text Classification

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2023年第1期28卷 59-68页

作者： Jiabao Guo Bo Zhao Hui Liu Yifan Liu Qian Zhong School of Cyber Science and Engineering Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430000China

With the rapid growth of information retrieval technology,Chinese text classification,which is the basis of information content security,has become a widely discussed topic.In view of the huge difference compared with English,Chinese text task is more complex in semantic information representations.However,most existing Chinese text classification approaches typically regard feature representation and feature selection as the key points,but fail to take into account the learning strategy that adapts to the task.Besides,these approaches compress the Chinese word into a representation vector,without considering the distribution of the term among the categories of interest.In order to improve the effect of Chinese text classification,a unified method,called Supervised Contrastive Learning with Term Weighting(SCL-TW),is proposed in this paper.Supervised contrastive learning makes full use of a large amount of unlabeled data to improve model stability.In SCL-TW,we calculate the score of term weighting to optimize the process of data augmentation of Chinese text.Subsequently,the transformed features are fed into a temporal convolution network to conduct feature representation.Experimental verifications are conducted on two Chinese benchmark datasets.The results demonstrate that SCL-TW outperforms other advanced Chinese text classification approaches by an amazing margin.

关键词： Chinese text classification Supervised Contrastive Learning(SCL) Term Weighting(TW) Temporal Convolution Network(TCN)

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Porosity of gas shale:Is the NMR-based measurement reliable?

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Petroleum Science 2022年第2期19卷 509-517页

作者： Peng zhao bo He bo Zhang Jun Liu Key Laboratory of Deep Underground Science and Engineering(Ministry of Education) College of Architecture and EnvironmentSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610065China Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610065China Institute of Science and Technology China Three Gorges CorporationBeijing100038China

Aiming at obtaining an accurate porosity of gas shale,various approaches are attempted.Therein,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),being treated as a kind of new-developed technique,possesses the representative significance.However,as a booming technique,the reliability of NMR-based porosity of shale is not exactly defined.Depending on NMR device,this work measured the porosity of shale experiencing different water soaking time,accordingly,judging the reliability of NMR-based porosity.Results indicate the NMR outcomes vary with the water soaking time,making a doubt about the objectivity of NMRbased porosity in reflecting the real shale porosity.Furthermore,some supplementary means were adopted to verify the water soaking-induced variation in the pore system of shale sample,which intensities the suspicion if the NMR-based porosity is reliable or not.To sum up,this work considers that the NMR-based porosity of shale is not reliable enough when water is used as the probe.Besides,this work also offers some suggestions on how to enhance the reliability of NMR-based porosity of shale sample.Basically,this work selects a fresh perspective to analyze the NMR approach in determining shale porosity,which is hopefully helpful in promoting the development of NMR technique in the shale-related field.

关键词： Gas shale Low-field NMR Porosity measurement Low-temperature nitrogen adsorption

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In vacuo XPS investigation of surface engineering for lithium metal anodes with plasma treatment

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第3期31卷 295-305,I0009页

作者： Bo Zhao Jin Li Maxime Guillaume Jolien Dendooven Christophe Detavernier Department of Solid State Sciences COCOON Research GroupGhent UniversityKrijgslaan 281/S19000 GhentBelgium Solid State Battery Applicability Lab Research and InnovationSolvay SARue de Tansbeek 3101120 BrusselsBelgium

Lithium(Li)metal is an attractive anode material with high capacity(3860 mAh g^(−1))and low potential(−3.04 V vs.standard hydrogen electrode)that shows highly promising for applications requiring high energy density.However,the low electrochemical potential of Li metal makes it extremely reactive and inevitably forming a native oxidized layer in the ambient environment and repeatedly being consumed when exposed to liquid electrolytes.It is therefore beneficial to replace the poorly controlled native passivation layer with a tailored artificial SEI to improve interface management between Li and electrolyte and enhance the stability of Li metal battery.Here,we use an integrated glovebox-atomic layer deposition(ALD)-X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)setup to in-situ investigating the pristine Li surface and the surface composition after Ar,H_(2)O_(2),N_(2)and NH_(3)plasma treatment processes.We find that the pristine Li foil is naturally being covered with a native oxidized layer,which is mainly composed of LiOH,Li_(2)O and Li_(2)CO_(3).These investigated plasmas can efficiently remove the oxidized layer from the Li metal surface,in which metallic Li surface is obtained after Ar or H2 plasma treatments,where Ar plasma is more efficient.While O_(2)plasma treatment produces a Li_(2)O layer,and N_(2)or NH_(3)plasma treatment leads to a Li3N(including a certain amount of LiON)layer on the Li surface.When employing the representative metallic Li(by Ar plasma treatment),Li_(2)O layer coated Li(by O_(2)plasma treatment)and Li3N layer coated Li(by N_(2)plasma treatment)foils as electrodes in symmetric Li metal batteries,the Li3N coated Li electrode exhibits much higher stability than that of metallic and Li_(2)O layer coated Li foils.Improved electrochemical performance has also been achieved in LiMn_(2)O_(4)(LMO)||Li full cells using Li anode with Li3N protective coating layer.Our work reveals the detailed process of surface engineering of Li metal anodes with plasma treatments by in vacuo XPS,which may also be extended

关键词： Plasma treatment In vacuo XPS Lithium metal anode Metallic Li Li_(2)O layer Li_(3)N layer

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Prediction of undeformed chip thickness distribution and surface roughness in ultrasonic vibration grinding of inner hole of bearings

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2024年第4期25卷 311-323页

作者： Yanqin LI Daohui XIANG Guofu GAO Feng JIAO Bo Zhao School of Mechanical and Power Engineering Henan Polyechnic UniversiryJiaozuo 454000.China

Ultrasonic vibration grinding differs from traditional grinding in terms of its material removal mechanism.The randomness of grain-workpiece interaction in ultrasonic vibration grinding can produce variable chips and impact the surface roughness of workpiece.However,previous studies used iterative method to calculate the unformed chip thickness(UCT),which has low computational efficiency.In this study,a symbolic difference method is proposed to calculate the UCT.The UCT distributions are obtained to describe the stochastic interaction characteristics of ultrasonic grinding process.Meanwhile,the UCT distribution characteristics under different machining parameters are analyzed.Then,a surface roughness prediction model is established based on the UCT distribution.Finally,the correctness of the model is verified by experiments.This study provides a quick and accurate method for predicting surface roughness in longitudinal ultrasonic vibration grinding.

关键词： Ultrasonic vibration grinding Undeformed chip thickness(UCT) Distribution characteristics Surface roughness

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