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On the exoneration of Dr. William H. Stewart: debunking an urban legend

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2013年第1期2卷 17-21页

作者： Brad Spellberg Bonnie Taylor-blake Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California at Los Angeles(UCLA)Medical Center TorranceCAUSA The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los AngelesCAUSA University of North Carolina School of Medicine Chapel Hill WilmingtonNCUSA

Background:It is one of the most infamous quotes in the history of biomedicine:“It is time to close the book on infectious diseases,and declare the war against pestilence won.”Long attributed to the United States Surgeon General,*** ***(1965-1969),the statement is frequently used as a foil by scientific and lay authors to underscore the ever-increasing problems of antibiotic-resistant and emerging ***,the primary source for the quote has never been ***:We undertook a comprehensive search of multiple databases encompassing medical literature,news articles,and congressional records to attempt to identify sources for the ***:No source of the quote was ***,a trail of source documents was identified that clearly serves as the basis for subsequent,incorrect attribution of the quote to *** multiple source documents,*** made statements to the opposite effect,clearly recognizing that infectious diseases had not been *** urban legend was created by a combination of lack of primary witnesses to the originating speech,misunderstanding of points made by *** in the speech,and increasing societal concern about emerging and re-emerging infectious ***:Attribution to *** of a belief that it was time to close the book on infectious diseases is an urban legend;he never made any such *** other verifiable sources,however,confirm that other people in academia adopted this *** should no longer be cited in this regard,and should be replaced with verifiable sources.

关键词： William H.Stewart Urban legend History of antibiotics Antibiotic development Antibiotic crisis Public policy

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The cochlear implant and possibilities for narrowing the remaining gaps between prosthetic and normal hearing

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2017年第4期3卷 200-210页

作者： blake S.Wilson Department of Surgery Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University Durham NC USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke University Durham NC USA Division of Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Sciences Department of Surgery Duke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 USA

Background:The cochlear implant has become the standard of care for severe or worse losses in hearing and indeed has produced the first substantial restoration of a lost or absent human sense using a medical ***,the devices are not perfect and many efforts to narrow the remaining gaps between prosthetic and normal hearing are ***:To assess the present status of cochlear implants and to describe possibilities for improving ***:The present-day devices work well in quiet conditions for the great majority of ***,not all users have high levels of speech reception in quiet and nearly all users struggle with speech reception in typically noisy acoustic *** addition,perception of sounds more complex than speech,such as most music,is generally poor unless residual hearing at low frequencies can be stimulated acoustically in conjunction with the electrical stimuli provided by the *** for improving the present devices include increasing the spatial specificity of neural excitation by reducing masking effects or with new stimulus modes;prudent pruning of interfering or otherwise detrimental electrodes from the stimulation map;a further relaxation in the criteria for implant candidacy,based on recent evidence from persons with high levels of residual hearing and to allow many more people to benefit from cochlear implants;and 'top down' or 'brain centric' approaches to implant designs and ***:Progress in the development of the cochlear implant and related treatments has been remarkable but room remains for *** future looks bright as there are multiple promising possibilities for improvements and many talented teams are pursuing them.

关键词： Auditory prosthesis Cochlear implant Cochlear prosthesis Deafness Neural prosthesis

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Mathematics for elementary teachers a contemporary approach Gary ***, William F. Burger, blake E. Peterson 5th ed.; updated ed.

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2001年

作者： Gary L.Musser William F. Burger blake E. Peterson

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LINEAR WAVES THAT EXPRESS THE SIMPLEST POSSIBLE PERIODIC STRUCTURE OF THE COMPRESSIBLE EULER EQUATIONS

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2009年第6期29卷 1749-1766页

作者： blake Temple Robin Young Department of Mathematics University of California Davis CA 95616 USA Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA

In this paper we show how the simplest wave structure that balances compression and rarefaction in the nonlinear compressible Euler equations can be represented in a solution of the linearized compressible Euler equations. Such waves are exact solutions of the equations obtained by linearizing the compressible Euler equations about the periodic extension of two constant states separated by entropy jumps. Conditions on the states and the periods are derived which allow for the existence of solutions in the Fourier 1-mode. In [3, 4, 5] it is shown that these are the simplest linearized waves such that, for almost every period, they are isolated in the kernel of the linearized operator that imposes periodicity, and such that they perturb to nearby nonlinear solutions of the compressible Euler equations that balance compression and rarefaction along characteristics in the formal sense described in [3]. Their fundamental nature thus makes them of interest in their own right.

关键词： compressible Euler periodic solutions conservation laws

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Interfacing photonic crystal fiber with a metallic nanoantenna for enhanced light nanofocusing

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Photonics Research 2021年第2期9卷 252-258页

作者： KHANT MINN blake BIRMINGHAM BRIAN KO HO WAI HOWARD LEE ZHENRONG ZHANG Department of Physics Baylor UniversityWacoTexas 76798USA The Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77843USA Department of Physics&Astronomy University of CaliforniaIrvineCalifornia 92697USA Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic University of CaliforniaIrvineCalifornia 92697USA

The direct interfacing of photonic crystal fiber to a metallic nanoantenna has widespread application in nanoscale imaging, optical lithography, nanoscale lasers, quantum communication, in vivo sensing, and medical *** report on the fabrication of a needle-shaped plasmonic nanoantenna on the end facet of a photonic crystal fiber using electron-beam-induced evaporation of platinum. We demonstrate the coupling of light from the fiber waveguide mode to the subwavelength nanoantenna plasmonic mode focusing down to the apex of the plasmonic needle using a polarization-resolved far-field side-scatter imaging technique. Our work provides an important step toward widespread application of optical fibers in nearfield spectroscopic techniques such as tip-enhanced Raman and fluorescence microscopy, single-photon excitation and quantum sensors, nanoscale optical lithography, and lab-on-fiber devices.

关键词： antenna fiber lithography

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A Single Hypoxic Event Ameliorates Pilocarpine Induced Hyperkinetic Movements in Planaria

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Natural Science 2022年第4期14卷 149-156页

作者： Teagan Neufeld Trevor N. Carniello blake T. Dotta Behavioural Neuroscience School of Natural Sciences Laurentian University Sudbury ON Canada

Intermittent hypoxia or hypoxia therapy is exposing an individual to oxygenation conditions that are below atmospheric levels in a planned or acute timeframe. Hypoxia therapy is a potentially novel therapeutic strategy for a variety of pathologies including: mitochondrial disorders, exercise training, and mild cognitive impairments. Mitochondrial dysfunction, hyperkinetic movements, and cognitive impairments are hallmarks of seizures and status epilepticus (SE). A seizure can be considered uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain and SE is a seizure lasting more than 30 minutes, or multiple seizures without regaining consciousness in between. We examined the possibility of using the Pilocarpine model for seizure like activity on brown planaria (Dugesia tigrine). Pilocarpine is a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist capable of creating seizure related brain damage. We utilized 5 mM dosages of pilocarpine and then measured open field behaviour for 3 minutes. Mobility and aversive hyperkinetic movements were observed throughout the measurement phase. After exposure to 5 mM pilocarpine, the planaria displayed behaviours consistent with seizures (e.g. aversive hyperkinetic movements and decreased mobility). Additionally, we measured the effects of an acute hypoxic event on Planaria behaviour. We used 25% carbonated water to create a hypoxic environment for the planaria and then measured mobility and hyperkinetic movements for 3 minutes. We noted that exposure to the hypoxic en-vironment produced no changes in behaviour. However, the aversive hyperkinetic move-ments produced with pilocarpine administration were completely absent when a brief (3 minutes) hypoxic episode followed the pilocarpine exposure (p < 0.05). Aversive behav-iours remained present when the ordering of pilocarpine and hypoxia were counterbal-anced. This ordering effect was consistent across 40 trials. Further evaluation of the pilo-carpine seizure model and intermittent hypoxia on planarian b

关键词： Hypoxia Pilocarpine Planaria Hyperkinetic Movements Seizure Model

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Comparison of Obesity Prevalence among Middle and High School Graduates before and after the COVID-19 Lockdown

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2022年第12期35卷 1145-1149页

作者： LU Yan Hui DOU Zi Yan ZHAO Kai Ping YAN Dong CHEN Shuo CHENG Jun Xia Glen M.blake Karen HIND ZHANG Jing Bo CHENG Xiao Guang WU Jing Department of Endocrinology the Second Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseaseBeijing 100000China Beijing Physical Examination Center Beijing 100000China Department of Medical Record Management and Statistics Beijing Jishuitan HospitalBeijing 100000China Department of Radiology Beijing Jishuitan HospitalBeijing 100000China National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100000China School of Biomedical Engineering&Imaging Sciences King’s College LondonSt Thomas’HospitalLondon SE17EHUnited Kingdom Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences Durham UniversityDurham 27704United Kingdom

The world has been engulfed in a COVID-19 pandemic that has significantly affected the health and economics of the *** Chinese authorities imposed lockdown measures to limit the spread of COVID-19 and stopped school programs for children and *** measures have been associated with increased sedentary time and reduced physical activity[1-3].An online questionnaire study of youth in China compared activity patterns before and after the COVID-19 lockdown.

关键词： before Middle stopped

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基于涡动及走航观测的晋东南煤矿区甲烷分布特征

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煤炭学报 2022年第12期47卷 4395-4402页

作者：刘艳秋秦凯 COHEN blake Jason 康涵书胡玮鹿凡武晓晖杨成立中国矿业大学江苏省煤基温室气体减排与资源化利用重点实验室江苏徐州221008 中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院江苏徐州221116 山西大地生态环境技术研究院有限公司山西太原030000

甲烷是仅次于二氧化碳的全球第二大温室气体,在大气中的寿命仅为10 a左右,但其全球增温潜势却是CO_(2)的几十倍。大气中的甲烷体积分数可以更加迅速地对温室减排活动做出响应,相较于CO_(2)减排,控制和减少甲烷排放是短期内应对气候变化... 详细信息

甲烷是仅次于二氧化碳的全球第二大温室气体,在大气中的寿命仅为10 a左右,但其全球增温潜势却是CO_(2)的几十倍。大气中的甲烷体积分数可以更加迅速地对温室减排活动做出响应,相较于CO_(2)减排,控制和减少甲烷排放是短期内应对气候变化的最有效手段之一。煤炭开采行业是我国甲烷的最主要排放源之一。在碳达峰和碳中和的国家战略需求下,控制和利用煤炭活动产生的甲烷排放,必将成为“十四五”期间我国甲烷排放控制行动的重点,厘清煤矿行业的甲烷排放特征具有重要意义。煤炭开采活动产生的甲烷排放受到地质赋存、开采方式、利用情况等众多因素影响,传统的“自下而上”排放因子清单方法不确定性较大,基于大气甲烷体积分数观测数据的“自上而下”技术正成为监测核算甲烷排放的重要方法。2021年秋冬季,采用“固定+走航”相结合的观测手段,以我国典型的甲烷高排放区(晋东南煤矿区)为实验区域,获取一手观测数据,分析并揭示近地面甲烷体积分数特征及其潜在的排放源信息。结果表明:(1)甲烷体积分数的时空变化性强,煤矿区本底甲烷体积分数值是清洁本底的近1.7倍,极端高值可达本底值的40~50倍;(2)甲烷体积分数在1 d内的变化与煤炭生产活动密切相关,逐日变化受气象扩散条件影响较大;(3)绝大多数甲烷体积分数高值位于煤矿生产相关区域,但由于扩散作用的影响,煤炭生产对甲烷体积分数时空分布影响存在一定的空间偏离性和时间滞后性。地面“固定+走航观测”手段可以提供精细化的甲烷排放特征信息,研究结论可为基于观测“自上而下”地构建煤炭行业甲烷排放清单奠定一定基础。

关键词：煤矿区甲烷分布涡动相关走航观测时空分布空间异质性排放源

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A shared role of the myocardin-family transcriptional coactivators in cardiomyocyte maturation

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2023年第12期66卷 2939-2942页

作者： Yuxuan Guo Yangpo Cao blake D.Jardin Neil Mazumdar Congting Guo Luzi Yang Junsen Lin Zhan Chen Qing Ma Mingming Zhao Erdan Dong William T.Pu Peking University Health Science Center School of Basic Medical SciencesBeijing 100191China Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences Beijing 100191China State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling Peking UniversityBeijing100191China Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research Beijing 100191China Boston Children’s Hospital Department of CardiologyBoston MA 02115USA Peking University Third Hospital Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular MedicineBeijing 100191China Research Unit of Medical Science Research Management/Basic and Clinical Research of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemBeijing 100191China National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides Beijing 100191China Harvard Stem Cell Institute Cambridge MA 02138USA

Dear Editor,In development,after cells make a commitment to their fates,they undergo a continuous and adaptive maturation process to eventually reach their terminal *** maturity often decays during aging and *** immat... 详细信息

关键词： states eventually decay

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iMashup:a mashup-based framework for service composition

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2014年第1期57卷 5-24页

作者： LIU XuanZhe HUANG Gang ZHAO Qi MEI Hong blake M.Brian Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies (Peking University) Ministry of Education School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science Peking University Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Notre Dame

The Web has undergone a tremendous change from a primarily publication platform towards a participatory and"programmable"platform,where a large number of heterogeneous Web-delivered services(including SOAP and RESTful Web services,RSS and Atom feeds)are *** results in the creation of Web mashup applications with rich user ***,the integration of Web-delivered services is still a challenging *** not only requires the developers’tedious eforts in understanding and coordinating heterogeneous service types,but also results in the time-consuming development of user *** this paper,we propose the iMashup composition framework to facilitate mashup development and *** provide a unified mashup component model for the common representation of heterogeneous Web-delivered service *** component model specifies necessary properties and behaviors at both business and user interface *** associate the component model with semantically meaningful tags,so that mashup developers can fast understand the service *** mashup developers can search and put the proper mashup components into the Web browser based composition environment,and connect them by data flows based on the tag-based *** an integration manner might prevent some low-level programming eforts and improve the composition efciency.A series of experimental study are conducted to evaluate our framework.

关键词： service composition mashup component model Web-delivered service

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