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Patterns,Causes and Perceptions of Human-Large Carnivore Conflict in the Chitwan National Park,Nepal

Journal of Resources and Ecology 2024年第4期15卷 838-849页

作者： Parwati TIWARI bishnu prasad bhattarai Jagan Nath ADHIKARI Binod bhattarai Central Department of Zoology Institute of Science and TechnologyTribhuvan UniversityKathmandu 44600Nepal Department of Zoology Birendra Multiple CampusTribhuvan UniversityChitwan 44200Nepal Nepal Zoological Society Kathmandu 44600Nepal

One of the major management problems in and around protected areas is the intensifying conflict between local people and wildlife,especially large *** depredation and human fatalities caused by attacks of carnivores are found to be serious obstacles in conflict *** study aims to explore the patterns,costs,causes and perceptions of human large carnivore conflict in the Nawalpur area of Chitwan National *** patterns of livestock loss and human casualties due to large carnivores(Panthera tigris and Panthera pardus)were analysed using the secondary data reported to Chitwan National Park from 2001 to *** understand the people’s perception towards carnivores and wildlife conservation,150 victim respondents were asked,with one household selected from each *** 19-year study period,a total of 521 incidents caused by large carnivores were reported,which included 33 human casualties and 488 livestock *** was responsible for the maximum conflict incidents in *** total relief provided for human deaths and injuries was US$17524.41,whereas US$13702.18 was used to compensate for livestock depredation in the Nawalpur area by authorities of the Chitwan National *** than 64%of the respondents liked the presence of carnivores in their area and had a positive attitude toward the conservation of large carnivores,even though the carnivores were responsible for livestock depredation and human injury and ***’s satisfaction with the relief scheme provided by the government depended on ethnicity,gender,age class,occupation,education,insurance,and livestock ownership,but they believed the scheme was not ***,an effective relief scheme and awareness about the process of relief funding should be conducted in conflict *** awareness programs for local communities about large carnivores,their behavior,and preparing predator-proof corrals would be helpful in minimizing conflict in the study a

关键词： depredation human wildlife conflict leopard tiger relief fund

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The effects of climate and land use change on the potential distribution and nesting habitat of the Lesser Adjutant in Nepal

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Avian Research 2023年第3期14卷 326-335页

作者： Hem Bahadur Katuwal Hari prasad Sharma Prashant Rokka Krishna prasad Bhusal bishnu prasad bhattarai Sabina Koirala Sandeep Chhetri Luitel Shailendra Yadav Ganesh Sah Hem Sagar Baral Laxman prasad Poudyal Lin Wang Rui-Chang Quan Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan666303China Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesYezinNay Pyi Taw05282Myanmar Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Southeast Asia Biodiversity Conservation MenglaYunnan666303China Nepal Zoological Society Kathmandu44600Nepal Central Department of Zoology Institute of Science and TechnologyTribhuvan UniversityKathmandu44600Nepal Faculty of Forestry Agriculture and Forestry UniversityHetaudaMakwanpur44107Nepal IUCN SSC Bird Red List Authority Rue Mauverney1196GlandSwitzerland Mithila Wildlife Trust JanakpurdhamDhanusa45600Nepal Zoological Society of London-Nepal Office Kathmandu44600Nepal Institute of Land Water and SocietySchool of Environmental SciencesCharles Sturt UniversityAlbury-WodongaAustralia Shivapuri-Nagarjun National Park Department of National Parks and Wildlife ConservationKathmanduNepal

Climate change and land use change pose a threat to the world’s biodiversity and have significant impacts on the geographic distribution and composition of many bird species,but little is known about how they affect threatened large-sized waterbird species that rely on agricultural *** address this gap,we investigated how climate and land use changes influence the distribution and nesting habitats of the globally vulnerable Lesser Adjutant(Leptoptilos javanicus) in *** 2012 and 2023,we collected distribution data from 24 districts and nesting site information from 18 *** a nation-wide breeding survey conducted in 2020,we documented a total of 581 fledglings from 346 nests in 109 *** ensemble model predicted a current potential distribution of 15%(21,637 km2) and a potential nesting habitat of 13%(19,651 km2) for the species in *** highest predicted current suitable distribution and nesting habitat was in Madhesh Province,while none was predicted in Karnali *** majority of this predicted distributional and nesting habitat falls on agricultural landscapes(>70%).Our model showed a likely range expansion of up to 15%(21,573 km2) for the distribution and up to 12%(17,482 km2) for the nesting habitat under SSP5-8.5 scenarios for the *** range expansion is expected to occur mainly within the current distribution and breeding range(Tarai and some regions of Siwalk),particularly in Lumbini and Sudurpashchim provinces,and extend to the northern portions(Siwalik and Mid-hill regions) in other ***,the current Protected Areas and Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas are inadequate for providing optimal habitats for the *** the model suggests range expansion,the use of such novel habitats is primarily contingent on the availability and protection of large-sized trees(particularly Bombax ceiba,observed in 65% of colonies) in agricultural regions where nesting ***,our research sugges

关键词： Agricultural landscapes Bombax ceiba Ensemble modeling Farmland bird IBA Nest site

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Effect of plasma treatment on the seed germination and seedling growth of radish(Raphanus sativus)

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Plasma Science and Technology 2022年第1期24卷 95-107页

作者： Rajesh Prakash GURAGAIN Hom Bahadur BANIYA Santosh DHUNGANA Ganesh Kuwar CHHETRI Binita SEDHAI Niroj BASNET Aavash SHAKYA bishnu prasad PANDEY Suman Prakash PRADHAN Ujjwal Man JOSHI Deepak prasad SUBEDI Department of Physics School of SciencesKathmandu UniversityDhulikhelKavre 45210Nepal Department of Physics Tri-Chandra Multiple CampusTribhuvan UniversityKathmandu 44600Nepal Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Kathmandu UniversityDhulikhelKavre 45210Nepal Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Kathmandu UniversityDhulikhelKavre 45210Nepal

The effect on the germination and seedling growth of radish(Raphanus sativus)seeds were examined employing a dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)at atmospheric pressure and room temperature for various treatment *** plasma using argon gas of flow rate 21 m^(-1)was employed in this *** seeds were treated with DBD plasma for 1-5 min,*** characteristics,seedling growth parameters,the contact angle of the seed coat,water uptake capacity,mass loss,the temperature of the seeds,chlorophyll,and carotenoid contents of the seedlings were measured before and after the DBD plasma *** treatment of radish seeds significantly increased germination-related characters,including germination percentage,fresh and dry weight,vigor index,and total carotenoids ***,the cumulative production rate was found to be *** from the experiment indicate an acceleration in the water uptake of the radish seeds and make the seed surface hydrophilic by plasma *** electron microscopy analysis showed that etching effects on the seed coat occurred after the argon plasma treatments,which affected the wettability of the radish *** experimental findings showed that seeds being treated by DBD plasma for 2 and 3 min had a positive effect on the germination and seedling growth of radish.

关键词： dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) electron temperature electron density germination growth parameters radish seeds

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Chemical composition,antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essential oil and methanol extract of Artemisia vulgaris and Gaultheria fragrantissima collected from Nepal

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第10期10卷 952-959页

作者： bishnu prasad Pandey Rupak Thapa Anil Upreti Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Kathmandu UniversityDhulikhelKavreNepal Department of Biotechnology Kathmandu UniversityDhulikhelKavreNepal

Objective: To identify the chemical constituents and biological activities of essential oil and crude methanol extract of Artemisia vulgaris(***) and Gaultheria fragrantissima(***).Methods: Phytochemical screening, total phenolic and flavonoid content, antibacterial activities, anti-oxidant assay of the crude extract were carried out to identify the biological activities and phytonutrients present in the ***, the chemical constituents present in the essential oil and crude methanol extract were analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) ***: Gas chromatography mass spectroscopy analysis of essential oil from the aerial part of *** revealed 24 different compounds in ***(11.29%), b-thujone(19.19%), chrysanthenone(4.48%), camphor(11.89%), borneol(4.44%) and germacrene D(8.42%) were the major ***, leaves of *** contained methyl salicylate(95%) and asarone(4.64%).Furthermore, methanol extract of leaves of *** and *** were found rich in the total flavonoids and phenolic *** analysis of the methanol extract of leaves *** revealed the presence of morin and luteolin, whereas rutin was found as a major flavonoids compound in the leaves of ***, methanol extract of the *** and *** showed the highest antioxidant and antibacterial properties compared to the essential ***: The HPLC analysis of the methanol extract of *** shows the presence of luteolin and morin, whereas *** reveals the presence of rutin and a glycosylated *** reveal that *** oil is the rich source of monoterpene and sesquiterpene ***, *** and *** are the rich source of the phenolic and flavonoids compounds and show good antioxidant and antibacterial activity.

关键词： Artemisia vulgaris Gaultheria fragrantissima Flavonoids 抗氧化剂 HPLC 煤气的层析团光谱学

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Classifying coke using CT scans and landmark multidimensional scaling

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2023年第1期10卷 160-172页

作者： Keith Nesbitt Fayeem Aziz Merrick Mahoney Stephan Chalup bishnu P.Lamichhane School of Information and Physical Sciences Universityof NewcastleCallaghanNSWAustralia

One factor that limits development of fundamental research on the infuence of coke microstructure on its strength is the difculty in quantifying the way that microstructure is both classifed and distributed in three *** support such fundamental studies,this study evaluated a novel volumetric approach for classifying small(approx.450μm^(3))blocks of coke microstructure from 3D computed tomography *** automated process for classifying microstructure blocks was *** is based on Landmark Multi-Dimensional Scaling and uses the Bhattacharyya metric and k-means *** approach was evaluated using 27 coke samples across a range of coke with diferent properties and reliably identifed 6 ordered class of coke microstructure based on the distribution of voxel intensities associated with structural *** lower class(1–2)subblocks tend to be dominated by pores and thin ***,there is an increase in wall thickness and reduced pore sizes in the higher *** features are also likely to be seen in higher classes(5–6).In general,this approach provides an efcient automated means for identifying the 3D spatial distribution of microstructure in CT scans of coke.

关键词： Coke Microstructure Clustering Classifcation Computer tomography

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Is mandible derived mesenchymal stromal cells superior in proliferation and regeneration to long bone-derived mesenchymal stromal cells?

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World Journal of Methodology 2023年第2期13卷 10-17页

作者： Madhan Jeyaraman Tushar Verma Naveen Jeyaraman bishnu prasad Patro Arulkumar Nallakumarasamy Manish Khanna Department of Orthopaedics ACS Medical College and HospitalDr MGR Educational and Research InstituteChennai 600056Tamil NaduIndia Department of Biotechnology School of Engineering and TechnologySharda UniversityGreater Noida 201310Uttar PradeshIndia Department of Regenerative Medicine Indian Stem Cell Study Group AssociationLucknow 226010Uttar PradeshIndia Department of Orthopaedic Rheumatology Fellow in Indian Orthopaedic Rheumatology AssociationLucknow 226010Uttar PradeshIndia Department of Orthopaedics Rathimed Speciality HospitalChennai 600040Tamil NaduIndia Department of Orthopaedics All India Institute of Medical SciencesBhubaneswar 751019OdishaIndia

Mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs)are cells with the characteristic ability of self-renewal along with the ability to exhibit multilineage *** marrow(BM)is the first tissue in which MSCs were identified and BM-MSCs are most commonly used among various MSCs in clinical *** can stimulate and promote osseous *** to the difference in the development of long bones and craniofacial bones,the mandibular-derived MSCs(M-MSCs)have distinct differentiation characteristics as compared to that of long *** mandibular and long bone-derived MSCs are positive for MSC-associated markers such as CD-73,-105,and-106,stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 and Octamer-4,and negative for hematopoietic markers such as CD-14.

关键词： Mandible Long bone Mesenchymal stromal cells Osteogenic potential Regeneration

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Effect of Sample Unit Size on Visually Examining Pavement Condition for Asphalt-Surfaced Roads

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2017年第7期11卷 701-714页

作者： bishnu prasad Devkota Nepal Engineering College Pokhara University Kathmandu 44600 Nepal

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煅烧黏土反应活性及其影响机理

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建筑材料学报 2023年第2期26卷 179-185,220页

作者：胡传林陶永征 TARIQ Jamil bishnu Gautam 王发洲武汉理工大学硅酸盐建筑材料国家重点实验室湖北武汉430070 武汉理工大学材料科学与工程国际化示范学院湖北武汉430070 NED工程技术大学机械工程系信德卡拉奇74200 尼泊尔国家科学技术院巴格马蒂拉利特普尔44700

采用煅烧黏土在碱性溶液中的反应热试验,探明了氢氧化钙含量、反应温度、煅烧温度和高岭石含量等因素对煅烧黏土反应活性的影响规律及其机理.结果表明:反应热试验能够实现煅烧黏土反应活性的快速表征,且累计放热量与黏土中高岭石含量具... 详细信息

采用煅烧黏土在碱性溶液中的反应热试验,探明了氢氧化钙含量、反应温度、煅烧温度和高岭石含量等因素对煅烧黏土反应活性的影响规律及其机理.结果表明:反应热试验能够实现煅烧黏土反应活性的快速表征,且累计放热量与黏土中高岭石含量具有良好的线性相关性;随着煅烧温度的升高,黏土颗粒逐渐破碎,结构无序化程度增大,反应活性出现并逐渐增长到峰值,随后黏土颗粒粒径进一步增大,导致反应活性显著下降.

关键词：辅助性胶凝材料煅烧黏土反应活性反应温度碱含量煅烧温度高岭石含量

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尼泊尔人和中国人安氏Ⅱ类1分类错（牙合）畸形头影测量分析的比较

尼泊尔人和中国人安氏Ⅱ类1分类错（牙合）畸形头影测量分析的比较

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作者： bishnu prasad Sharma 大连医科大学

学位级别：硕士

目的:①定义和建立尼泊尔人安氏Ⅱ类1分类错(牙合)畸形的颅面特征。②比较分析在尼泊尔人和中国人中,安氏Ⅱ类1分类错(牙合)畸形的各项头影测量指标。③探讨结果有无性别差异。方法:材料为135个安氏Ⅱ类1分类错(牙合)畸形病例(96个尼泊... 详细信息

目的:①定义和建立尼泊尔人安氏Ⅱ类1分类错(牙合)畸形的颅面特征。②比较分析在尼泊尔人和中国人中,安氏Ⅱ类1分类错(牙合)畸形的各项头影测量指标。③探讨结果有无性别差异。方法:材料为135个安氏Ⅱ类1分类错(牙合)畸形病例(96个尼泊尔病例,39个中国病例)的标准头颅定位片。尼泊尔组(42个男,54个女)的平均年龄为16.34±5.4岁,中国组(12个男,27个女)平均年龄为17.18±7.1岁。观测指标包括10项骨性指标,9项牙性指标及3项软组织指标。对所得数据进行描述性统计学分析和独立样本T检验,确定两组间及性别之间的各项测量指标的平均差和标准差。当P≤0.05时,认为结果具有统计学意义。结果:在尼泊尔组和中国组这两组样本中,所选的22项头影测量项目中有15项的差异具有统计学意义。他们是:面角、颌凸角、GoMe-FH、GoGn-SN、Y轴角、平面角、SNA、ANB、U1-NA角、U1-NA距、L1-NB角、L1-NB距、N1-Pr-Pg1和Z角。在上下齿槽座角、GoMe-FH、GoGn-SN、SNA、N1-Pr-Pg1和N1-Sn-Pg1等测量项目中,尼泊尔组具有明显的性别差异,而中国组只有下颌平面角才有显著的性别差异。结论:①相对于颅底,两组样本都表现为上颌位置正常,下颌后缩,上下颌关系为深覆盖。当进行两组样本间比较,中国组上颌前突,下颌后缩及深覆盖的表现强于尼泊尔组。②两组样本间比较,相对于基骨,尼泊尔组表现为明显的上、下颌切牙前突及颊向位,而中国组表现为明显下颌切牙前突及颊向位,及上颌切牙颊向位,无前突。③两组样本都表现为高角长面形、Ⅱ类面形和骨骼趋势。当进行两组间比较,中国组表现强于尼泊尔。④两组样本都表现为鼻尖及颏部前突及水平生长型,而尼泊尔组的表现强于中国组。⑤在性别间比较,尼泊尔组中有6项测量指标的差异具有统计学意义,而中国组只有1项。

关键词：头影测量分析安氏Ⅱ类1分类错(牙合)畸形尼泊尔人中国人种族变化

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Pattern of injuries due to wild animal attack among patients presenting to the emergency department:A retrospective observational study

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2021年第6期24卷 383-388页

作者： Pradeep Kumar Singh S Manwar Ali Rakesh Vadakkethil Radhakrishnan Chitta Ranjan Mohanty Manas Ranjan Sahu bishnu prasad Patro Ijas MS Susant Kumar Panda Department of General Surgery All India Institute of Medical SciencesBhubaneswar751019India College of Nursing All India Institute of Medical SciencesBhubaneswar751019India Department of Trauma and Emergency All India Institute of Medical SciencesBhubaneswar751019India Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology All India Institute of Medical SciencesBhubaneswar751019India Department of Orthopedics All India Institute of Medical SciencesBhubaneswar751019India Department of General Surgery District Head Quarter HospitalAngulOdish1759122India

Purpose:The human-wildlife conflicts(HWCs)causing nuisances and injuries are becoming a growing public health concern over recent years *** aimed to study the demographic profile,mode of injury,pattern of injury,and outcome of wild animal attack victims presented to the emergency ***:This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the emergency department of a tertiary-care hospital in Eastern *** were retrieved from the medical records from May 2017 to May *** of all ages and genders attacked by wild animals and secondary injuries were included in this *** with incomplete data,injuries due to the attack of stray and domestic animals and trauma due to other causes were *** profile,mode of injury,the pattern of injury,injury severity score(ISS),radiological pattern,and outcome were *** analysis with R(version 3.6.1.)was ***:A total of 411 wild animal attack victims were studied,of which 374(90.9%)were snakebite injuries and 37(9.1%)were wild mammalian(WM)attack *** mean age of WM attack victims was 46 years,and the male-to-female ratio was 4:*** attack injury(40.5%)was the most common WM attack injury *** WM attacks(43.2%)occurred between 4:00 *** 8:00 *** median ISS was 18.5(13-28),where 54.2%of patients had polytrauma(ISS>15).Elephant attack was associated with a higher ISS,but the difference was not significant compared to other animal types(p=0.2).Blunt trauma was common pattern of injury in the elephant attack injury *** and soft tissue injuries were common patterns in other animal *** snakebites,neurotoxic was the most common type(55.4%),and lower extremity was the most common site ***:The young male population is the major victim of HWCs;and elephant is the most common animal *** is a need to design scientifically sound preventive strategies for HWCs and to strengthen t

关键词： Wild animal Injury severity score Elephant Wild boar Polytrauma

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