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EACR-LEACH:Energy-Aware Cluster-based Routing Protocol for WSn Based IoT

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第8期72卷 2159-2174页

作者： sankar Sennan Kirubasri Youseef Alotaibi Digvijay Pandey Saleh Alghamdi Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sona College of TechnologySalem636005India Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information SystemsUmm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah21955Saudi Arabia Department of Technical Education Department of Electronics EngineeringInstitute of Engineering and TechnologyDr.A.P.J.Abdul Kalam Technical UniversityLucknowIndia Department of Information Technology College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia

Internet of Things(IoT)is a recent paradigm to improve human ***,number devices are connected to the Internet ***,the people can control and monitor the physical things in real-time without *** IoT plays a vital role in all kind of fields in our world such as agriculture,livestock,transport,and healthcare,grid system,connected home,elderly people carrying system,cypher physical system,retail,and intelligent *** IoT energy conservation is a challenging task,as the devices are made up of low-cost and low-power sensing devices and local *** networks have significant challenges in two areas:network lifespan and energy ***,the clustering is a right choice to prolong the energy in the *** LEACH clustering protocol,sometimes the same node acts as CH again and again *** overcome these issues,this paper proposes the Energy-Aware Cluster-based Routing(EACRLEACH)protocol in WSn based *** Cluster Head(CH)selection is a crucial task in clustering protocol inWSn based *** EACR-LEACH,the CH is selected by using the routing metrics,Residual Energy(RER),number of neighbors(non),Distance between Sensor node and Sink(Distance)and number of Time node Act as CH(nTnACH).An extensive simulation is conducted on MATLAB *** accomplishment of EACR-LEACH is compared to LEACH and *** proposed EACR-LEACH protocol extends the network’s lifetime by 4%-8%and boosts throughput by 16%–24%.

关键词： Cluster head clustering protocol internet of things routing metrics wireless sensor networks

Temporal variation of solar flare index during solar cycles 21–24

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2021年第3期21卷 21-33页

作者： Soumya Roy Amrita Prasad Subhash Chandra Panja sankar narayan Patra Department of Applied Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering Haldia Institute of TechnologyHaldiaMidnapore(E)-721657West BengalIndia Department of Mechanical Engineering Jadavpur UniversityKolkata-700032West BengalIndia Department of Instrumentation and Electronics Engineering Jadavpur UniversityKolkata-700106West BengalIndia

The present investigation attempts to quantify the temporal variation of Solar Flare Index(SFI)with other activity indices during solar cycles 21-24 by using different techniques such as linear regression,correlation,cross-correlation with phase lag-lead,*** Solar Activity Indices(SAI)considered in this present study are Sunspot number(SSn),10.7 cm Solar Radio Flux(F10.7),Coronal Index(CI)and MgⅡCore-to-Wing Ratio(MgⅡ).The maximum cycle amplitude of SFI and considered SAI has a decreasing trend from solar cycle 22,and cycle 24 is the weakest solar cycle among all other *** SFI with SSn,F10.7,CI and MgⅡshows hysteresis during all cycles except for solar cycle 22 where both paths for ascending and descending phases are intercepting each other,thereby representing a phase reversal.A positive hysteresis circulation exists between SFI and considered SAI during solar cycles 22 and 23,whereas a negative circulation exists in cycles 21 and *** has a high positive correlation with coefficient values of 0.92,0.94,0.84 and 0.81 for SSn,F10.7,CI and MgⅡ*** to crosscorrelation analysis,SFI has a phase lag with considered SAI during an odd-number solar cycle(solar cycles21 and 23)but no phase lag/lead during an even-numbered solar cycle(solar cycles 22 and 24).However,the entire smoothed monthly average SFI data indicate an in-phase relationship with SSn,F10.7 and MgⅡ,and a one-month phase lag with *** presence of those above characteristics strongly confirms the outcomes of different research work with various solar indices and the highest correlation exists between SFI and SSn as well as F10.7 which establishes that SFI may be considered as one of the prime activity indices to interpret the characteristics of the Sun’s active region as well as for more accurate short-range or long-range forecasting of solar events.

关键词： Methods:data analysis Methods:statistical Sun:activity Sun:flares Sun:general

QoS aware routing and wavelength allocation in optical burst switching networks using differential evolution optimization

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Digital Communications and networks 2018年第1期4卷 3-12页

作者： Ravi sankar Barpanda Ashok Kumar Turuk Bibhudatta Sahoo Department of Computer Science & Engineering national Instiute of Technology Rourkela India 769008

The issue of burst losses imposes a constraint on the development of Optical Burst Switching （OBS） networks. Heavy burst losses strongly affect the Quality of Service （QoS） intended by end users. This article presents a QoS aware Routing and Wavelength Allocation （RWA） technique for burst switching in OBS networks. The RWA problem is modeled as a bi-objective Integer Linear Programming （ILP） problem, where objective functions are based on minimizing the number of wavelengths used and the number of hops traversed to fulfill the burst transmission requests for a given set of node pairs. The ILP model is solved using a novel approach based on a Differential Evolution （DE） algorithm. Analytical results show that the DE algorithm provides a better performance compared to shortest path routing, which is a widely accepted routing strategy for OBS networks.

关键词： Burst loss Optical burst switching Quality of service Routing and wavelength assignmentInteger linear programmingDifferential evolution

LOA-RPL:novel Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol for the Internet of Things Using Lion Optimization Algorithm to Maximize network Lifetime

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第10期69卷 351-371页

作者： sankar Sennan Somula Ramasubbareddy Anand nayyar Yunyoung nam Mohamed Abouhawwash Department of Computer Science Engineering Sona College of TechnologySalem636005India VnR Vignana Jyothi Institute of Engineering&Technology Hyderabad500090India Graduate School Duy Tan UniversityDa NangVietnam550000Vietnam Faculty of Information Technology Duy Tan UniversityDa NangVietnam550000Vietnam Department of Computer Science and Engineering Soonchunhyang UniversityAsan31538Korea Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceMansoura UniversityMansoura35516Egypt Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA

Energy conservation is a significant task in the Internet of Things(IoT)because IoT involves highly resource-constrained *** is an effective technique for saving energy by reducing duplicate *** a clustering protocol,the selection of a cluster head(CH)plays a key role in prolonging the lifetime of a ***,most cluster-based protocols,including routing protocols for low-power and lossy networks(RPLs),have used fuzzy logic and probabilistic approaches to select the CH ***,early battery depletion is produced near the *** overcome this issue,a lion optimization algorithm(LOA)for selecting CH in RPL is proposed in this ***-RPL comprises three processes:cluster formation,CH selection,and route establishment.A cluster is formed using the Euclidean *** selection is performed using *** establishment is implemented using residual energy *** extensive simulation is conducted in the network simulator ns-3 on various parameters,such as network lifetime,power consumption,packet delivery ratio(PDR),and *** performance of LOA-RPL is also compared with those of RPL,fuzzy rule-based energyefficient clustering and immune-inspired routing(FEEC-IIR),and the routing scheme for IoT that uses shuffled frog-leaping optimization algorithm(RISARPL).The performance evaluation metrics used in this study are network lifetime,power consumption,PDR,and *** proposed LOARPL increases network lifetime by 20%and PDR by 5%–10%compared with RPL,FEEC-IIR,and ***-RPL is also highly energy-efficient compared with other similar routing protocols.

关键词： Internet of things cluster head clustering protocol optimization algorithm lion optimization algorithm network lifetime routing protocol wireless sensor networks energy consumption low-power and lossy networks

Approach to solve multi-criteria group decision-making problems by exponential operational law in generalised spherical fuzzy environment

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2020年第2期5卷 106-114页

作者： Tipu Sultan Haque Avishek Chakraborty sankar Prasad Mondal Shariful Alam Department of Mathematics Indian Institute of Engineering Science and TechnologyShibpurIndia Department of Basic Science Narula Institute of TechnologyAgarparaKolkata-700109India Department of Applied Science Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of TechnologyWest BengalIndia

The construction of generalised spherical fuzzy number(GSFn)is a reliable philosophy to design and understanding of vagueness and *** this study,at first,the authors have defined the generalised spherical fuzzy set and discussed its several ***,a new score and accuracy functions have been introduced in the generalised spherical fuzzy environment which leads to a new method of conversion of fuzzy number into a crisp *** exponential operational law has been defined for GSFns where the bases are positive real numbers&components are GSFns and its various algebraic properties have been studied *** this exponential operational law,a generalised spherical weighted exponential averaging operator has been proposed,which is used to develop a multi-criteria group decision-making(MCGDM)method in the generalised spherical fuzzy *** newly developed MCGDM has been demonstrated through a real-life problem and its effectiveness and rationality have been shown through sensitivity analysis.

关键词： properties. spherical exponential

Impact of surgery for chronic pancreatitis on the risk of pancreatic cancer:Untying the Gordian knot

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第27期27卷 4371-4382页

作者： Raja Kalayarasan sankar narayanan Jayaprakash Sahoo Pazhanivel Mohan Department of Surgical Gastroenterology JIPMERPuducherry 605006India Department of Endocrinology JIPMERPuducherry 605006India Department of Medical Gastroenterology JIPMERPuducherry 605006India

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is an aggressive tumor with poor long-term *** pancreatitis(CP)is considered a risk factor for the development of pancreatic cancer(PC).Persistent pancreatic inflammation and activation of pancreatic stellate cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of CPrelated PC by activating the oncogene *** genetic mutations increase the possibility of recurrent and persistent pancreatic inflammation,they are not directly associated with the development of *** studies suggest that early surgical intervention for CP might have a protective role in the development of CP-related ***,the physician faces the clinical question of whether early surgical intervention should be recommended in patients with CP to prevent the development of ***,the varying relative risk of PC in different subsets of CP underlines the complex gene-environment interactions in the disease ***,it is essential to stratify the risk of PC in each individual *** review focuses on the complex relationship between CP and PC and the impact of surgical intervention on PC *** proposed risk stratification based on the genetic and environmental factors could guide future research and select patients for prophylactic surgery.

关键词： Chronic pancreatitis Pancreatic adenocarcinoma Pancreatic cancer Surgery Hereditary pancreatitis Pancreatitis

L-asparaginase production by mangrove derived Bacillus cereus MAB5:optimization by response surface methodology

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第6期4卷 486-491页

作者： Thenmozhi C sankar R Karuppiah V Sampathkumar P Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology Faculty of Marine Sciences Annamalai University Parangipettai-608 502Tamil NaduIndia

Objective:To isolate marine bacteria,statistically optimize them for maximum asparaginase ***:In the present study,statistically based experimental designs were applied to maximize the production of L-asparaginase from bacterial strain of Bacillus cereus（***） MAB5（HQ675025） isolated and identified by 16S rDnA sequencing from mangroves rhizosphere ***:Plackett-Barman design was used to identify the interactive effect of the eight variables *** extract,soyabean meal,glucose,magnesium sulphate,KH2PO4,wood chips,aspargine and sodium *** the variables are denoted as numerical factors and investigated at two widely spaced intervals designated as -1（low level） and +1（high level）. The effect of individual parameters on L-asparaginase production was *** meal,aspargine,wood chips and sodium chloride were found to be the significant among eight *** maximum amount of L-asparaginase produced（51.54 IU/mL） from the optimized medium containing soyabean meal（6.282 8 g/L）,aspargine（5.5 g/L）,wood chips（1.383 8 g/L） and naCl（4.535 4 g/L）.Conclusions:The study revealed that,it is useful to produce the maximum amount of L-asparaginase from *** MAB5 for the treatment of various infections and diseases.

关键词： L-asparaginase Bacillus cereus Mangroves Plackett-Barman design Central Composite design

Tectonic juxtaposition of crust and continental growth during orogenesis: Example from the Rengali Province, eastern India

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Geoscience Frontiers 2015年第4期6卷 537-555页

作者： sankar Bose Susmita Guha Gautam Ghosh Kaushik Das Joydip Mukhopadhyay Department of Geology Presidency University Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science Hiroshima University PPM Research Group Department of Geology University of Johannesburg

The southern houndary of the Singhbhum Craton witnessed multiple orogenies that juxtaposed thin slice of granulite suite of the Rengali Province against the low-grade granite-greenstone belt of the craton along the E-W trending Sukinda Thrust. The strong southerly dipping mylonitic foliation within the granulites along with the pronlinent down-dip mineral lineation, suggest a northerly-verging thrusting. Mylonitized charnockite at the contact zone contains enclaves of mafic and ultranlafic granulite, whereas granitoid gneiss contains enclaves of pelitic granulite. Mafic granulite enclaves preserve an early （SiM） foliation that formed during DiM deformation. This rock, along with the host charnockite, were intensely deformed by the D2M thrusting event and resulting S2M foliation development in both rock suites. Geothermobaronietric and pseudosection analyses show that the garnet-clinopyroxene-plagioclase- orthopyroxene-ihllenite-quartz assemblage in mafic granulite was stabilized at high-pressure and temperature conditions （10 12 kbar, 860 C） and was overprinted by a fine-grained assemblage of cli- nopyroxene-plagioclase J hornblende that developed during deconlpression （down to 5.5-7.5 I〈bar）. Matrix hornblende shows incipient breakdown to garnet-clinopyroxene-quartz intergrowth due to a granulite facies reworking. A contrasting P-T history is preserved in the pelitic granulite. The peak assemblage garnet-orthopyroxene-cordierite-quartz-rutile was stabilized at -6.0 kbar, 730 C which resulted flom heating of the mid crust magma during the D2M thrusting. The contrasting P-T histories could result flonl the tectonic juxtaposition of lowerand mid-crustal section during the D2M event. Evidences of an early orogenic imprint within the mafic granulite imply involvement of deep continental crust during southward growth of the Singhbhum Craton.

关键词： Singhbhunl cratonRengali Province Granulite enclave Tectonic juxtaposition

near-saturated soil hydraulic conductivity and pore characteristics as influenced by conventional and conservation tillage practices in north-West Himalayan region,India

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2021年第2期9卷 249-259页

作者： Deepak Singh Alok Kumar Mishra Sridhar Patra sankar Mariappan nisha Singh ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Dehradun248195UttarakhandIndia Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and SciencesPrayagraj211007U.PIndia Hemvati nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University(A Central University) Srinagar(Garhwal)246174UttarakhandIndia

Tillage plays an important role in modifying soil hydraulic *** objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of conservation tillage practices in a maize-wheat cropping system on nearsaturated soil hydraulic properties and pore characteristics in the north-West Himalayan region,*** treatments *** tillage(CT),minimum tillage(MT),and zero tillage(ZT)were evaluated in terms of field saturated hydraulic conductivity(ks),unsaturated hydraulic conductivity k(h),the inverse of capillary length(a),flow-weighted mean pore radius(r0),numbers of pores per square meter(n0)and water-conducting macroporosity(Ɛ).The above hydraulic conductivity and pore characteristics were derived from steady-state water flux(q)measured using hood infiltrometer at 0,1,and3 cm pressure head for each treatment after seven years of establishment of this tillage *** revealed significantly(pndƐin ZT as compared with *** had intermediate *** a values suggested a greater gravity-dominated flow under ZT and MT as compared with *** of r0 values indicated better connectivity of pores in ZT and MT as compared with *** flow suggested that on average pore radii,>0.50 mm conducted about 63.60,68.01,and 75.97%of total flow(at 0 cm pressure head)in the corresponding water-conducting macroporosity of 0.00030,0.00044,and 0.00069%of soil volume under CT,MT,and ZT,***,zero-tillage based agriculture system was found to improve near-saturated soil hydraulic properties.

关键词： near-saturated hydraulic conductivity Macropores Tillage Flow weighted mean pore radius Water-conducting macroporosity