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Characterization of mycobacterium isolates from pulmomary tuberculosis suspected cases visiting Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory at Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute,Addis Ababa Ethiopia:a cross sectional study

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2015年第1期8卷 35-40页

作者： biniam mathewos Nigatu Kebede Tesfu Kassa Adane Mihret Muluwork Getahun Department of Immunology and Molecular biology School of Biomedical and Laboratory SciencesCollege of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of Gondar Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology College of Health SciencesAddis Ababa University Armaour Hanson Research Institute Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute

Objective:To characterize mycobaclerium isolates from pulmomary tuberculosis suspected cases visiting National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory at Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute,for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis from January 4 to February 22.2010 with total samples of ***:Sputum specimens were collected and processed:the deposits were *** culturing Lowenstein Jensen medium(LJ) and Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube(BACTEC MGIT 960) were *** Neo was used for detecting NTM isolates from isolates of BACTEC *** Armauer Hansen Research Institute,Addis Ababa Ethiopia,Deletion typing PCR method for species identification(from confirmed Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex(MTBC) isolates by Capilia Neo) uas ***:Out of 263 enrolled in the study.124 and 117 ol them were positive for mycobaeterium growth by BACTEC MGIT 960 and 1.1 culture method,*** BACTEC MGIT 960 positive media of 124 isolates.117 were randomly taken to perform Capilia TB Neo *** these 7(6%) of them were found to be NTM and 110(94%) were *** these 110 MTBC isolates,81 of them were randomly taken and run by the deletion typing RD9 PCR method of molecular *** of these 78(96.3%) were found to be species of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 3(3.7%) were found to be not in the *** the types of methods of culture *** Growth Indicator Tube(BACTEC MGIT 960) method was found to have excellent agreement(with kappa value ol 0.78) with the routine method of ***:Pulmonary tuberculosis suspected cases visiting the National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory at EHNR1 that were confirmed to be pulmonary tuberculosis are caused by the species of Mycobacterium *** treatment regimen including pyrazinamide can be applied to the patients as the first choice in the study area in Addis *** is indication of the presence of NTM in patients visiting the tuberculosis ref

关键词： NTM Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex Mycobacteria growth indicator tube Lowenstein Jensen media

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Prevalence of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis in Gondar prisoners,North West Ethiopia

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2015年第2期8卷 127-131页

作者： Zelalem Addis Emebet Adem Abebe Alemu Wubet Birhan biniam mathewos Belaynesh Tachebele Yegnasew Takele School of Biomedical and Laboratory Science College of Medicine and Health ScienceUniversity of GondarGondarEthiopia Leishmania Research and Treatment Center College of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of GondarGondarEthiopia University of Gondar Hospital Service Laboratory College of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of GondarGondarEthiopia

Objective:To assess the prevalence and risk factors of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis among Condar town *** West ***:A cross sectional study was conducted from February to July,2008 in Condar *** with cough duration of more than two weeks were involved in the study by giving three sputum samples and filling the questionnaires prepared for risk factor *** fast staining technique was employed to delect the presence of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli in the sputum *** was analyzed using SPSS version13 computer software and presented in ***-square test was used to assess associations and a P-value less than 0.05 was taken as ***:A total of 384 prisoners,349 male and 35 females,with a mean age of 33.3 years were involved in the *** prevalence of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis among those prisoners with cough duration of more than two wecks was 8.59%.Only the length of imprisonment had a significant association(χ~2= 18.82,P-value<0.0001) with the prevalence of ***:This study indicated that tuberculosis among prisoners with cough duration of more then two weeks in Gondar prison is very *** Periodic screening of the prisoners and screening of newly introduced prisoners should be practiced so as to minimise the burden of tuberculosis in prisoners.

关键词： Tuberculosis Smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis Prisoners Gondar Ethiopia

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小微融资对削减贫困和提高生活水平的影响——来自厄立特里亚南部地区的证据

小微融资对削减贫困和提高生活水平的影响——来自厄立特里亚南部...

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作者： biniam Tesfalem Yibeltsom 江西财经大学

学位级别：硕士

本文采用了描述统计和实证研究方法研究了储蓄和小额信贷方案(SMCPs)在厄立特里亚南方行政区Zoba Debub的减贫和提高当地居民生活水平的作用。本文还研究小额信贷在赋予妇女权力和提高居民收入和储蓄水平方面的作用。本研究采用四种不... 详细信息

本文采用了描述统计和实证研究方法研究了储蓄和小额信贷方案(SMCPs)在厄立特里亚南方行政区Zoba Debub的减贫和提高当地居民生活水平的作用。本文还研究小额信贷在赋予妇女权力和提高居民收入和储蓄水平方面的作用。本研究采用四种不同的分析方法:回归法、相关法、独立样本T检验法和配对样本T检验法,分别分析了小额信贷机构对减贫和提升生活水平的作用。这项研究是主要基于问卷调查,从小额信贷客户那里收集的一手数据进行的。本文还评估了厄立特里亚的小额信贷机构在多大程度上成功地帮助了穷人改善他们的生活水平并减轻了厄立特里亚的贫困水平。研究还发现小额信贷机构(SMCPs)对妇女参与经济活动产生了重大影响,并提高了客户在参与小额信贷活动后的收入和储蓄水平。本文的主要结论是:厄立特里亚的小额供资机构通过其对提高客户的储蓄和收入水平的重大影响以及通过增强妇女参与家庭经济的能力,在减贫和改善经济活动相对贫穷的客户的生活水平方面发挥着重要作用。本文建议只有将小额信贷纳入一国的普遍政策,小额信贷才能充分发挥潜力。然而,强制性储蓄政策虽然有助于客户积极偿还贷款,但却会对该国的减贫政策产生负面影响。因此,决策者必须做出有利于客户需要的决策,考虑到与之相关的风险。

关键词：小额信贷扶贫生活水平收入储蓄利率和妇女赋权

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地热井管系统热力学分析

地热井管系统热力学分析

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作者： biniam BERIHU 北京交通大学

学位级别：硕士

如今,地热能作为一种可再生能源,因其可用于发电、产生稳定可靠的清洁能源而备受关注。然而,在从天然气藏中提取这种资源时,高温蒸汽流体会流经地热井系统,因而在施工阶段和运营过程中管道系统都会出现不同的失效模式,从而导致这种地下... 详细信息

如今,地热能作为一种可再生能源,因其可用于发电、产生稳定可靠的清洁能源而备受关注。然而,在从天然气藏中提取这种资源时,高温蒸汽流体会流经地热井系统,因而在施工阶段和运营过程中管道系统都会出现不同的失效模式,从而导致这种地下管道系统内部结构存在大量不确定性和挑战性。本文从地热井管道系统中选取了五种类型的地热井段进行热力学分析数值模拟,分别是无链接套管,有链接套管,以及三个位于不同部位的由于气泡引起的弱水泥护套带。本研究采用数值分析软件ABAQUS对此五种热力井管段进行两阶段热力学分析。本文首先对热力井管系统进行了文献综述,在此基础上通过数值分析对五种不同的井管段进行了在温度载荷和内外井壁压力载荷作用下的热力学模拟,并对五种井管段的分析仿真结果进行了对比。在分析中采用的边界条件为沿着纵向和径向为固定边界。温度荷载为300-550℃C,作用于钢质井管内表面,用于模拟在启动生产过程中热冲击引起的温度效应。由岩体施加的远场或地层的外部压力作用于水泥护套的外表面;蒸汽流体产生的压力作用于在钢质井管的内表面。本文数值分析中的材料参数取自相关文献,并假设含有气泡的水泥护套带具有相对较低的材料力学性能和热力学参数。本研究基于五种不同的材料参数组合,展开对于五种不同的井管段的有限元数值分析,研究分析了由于链接套管和含气泡水泥护套带的存在对井管系统热应力的大小和分布产生的影响,并对比分析了不同的材料参数对热应力和温度场的影响。结果表明,材料的导热系数和杨氏模量对热应力大小具有实质性影响。在地热系统启动生产阶段,温度梯度引起的热应力直接关系到井管系统的安全性。本研究还表明,链接套管的存在可引起不均匀的温度和热应力场的分布,增加了井管系统由于热冲击而引起的失效破坏风险,所引起的温度升高及热应力的增加主要由材料的高导热系数所致。研究还发现,当含气泡弱水泥护套带位于连接套管远端时,对水泥护套和岩体中的应力影响较大。

关键词：地热井管热力学分析水泥护套钢质井管岩体失效

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Human primary muscle stem cells regenerate injured urethral sphincter in athymic rats

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2022年第5期5卷 453-460页

作者： biniam M.Bekele Verena Schöwel-Wolf Janine Kieshauer Andreas Marg Andreas Busjahn Sarah Davis Gayle Nugent Anne-Karoline Ebert Simone Spuler Muscle Research Unit Experimental and Clinical Research Centera cooperation between the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the CharitéUniversitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany CharitéUniversitätsmedizin BerlinGermany Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association BerlinGermany Berlin Institute of Health at CharitéUniversitätsmedizin BelrinGermany HealthTwist GmbH BerlinGermany Charles River Laboratories MattawanMichiganUSA Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology University Hospital UlmUlmGermany

Background:The aim of the study was to demonstrate the efficacy of human muscle stem cells(MuSCs)isolated using innovative technology in restoring internal urinary sphincter function in a preclinical animal ***:Colonies of pure human MuSCs were obtained from muscle biopsy *** rats were subjected to internal urethral sphincter damage by *** days after injury,2×105 muscle stem cells or medium as control were injected into the area of sphincter damage(n=5 in each group).Peak bladder pressure and rise in pressure were chosen as outcome *** repeatedly obtain the necessary pressure values,telemetry sensors had been implanted into the rat bladders 10 days prior to ***:There was a highly significant improvement in the ability to build up peak pressure as well as a pressure rise in animals that had received muscle stem cells as compared to control(p=0.007)3 weeks after the cells had been *** mini-mal histologic evidence of scarring was observed in treated ***:Primary human muscle stem cells obtained using innovative technology functionally restore internal urethral sphincter function after *** into use in clinical settings is foreseeable.

关键词： human muscle stem cells sphincter injury telemetry urinary incontinence urodynamics

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Effects of Manual, Cultural, Botanical and Chemical Treatments of Termite Control in Hamelmalo Agricultural College Area

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Open Journal of Ecology 2021年第1期11卷 64-74页

作者： biniam Efriem Habteab Goitom Rayet Idris Yosief Girmay Adungna Haile Department of Plant Protection Hamelmalo Agricultural College Keren Eritrea

Termites are the most serious pests of field and horticultural crops, forests, and wooden household furniture. In Hamelmalo Agricultural College (HAC) the infestation of termite is very high resulting in great destruction of crop plants and wooden office and dormitory furniture. The devastating attack of termites should be managed by using best and ecofriendly management method. The purpose of the study was to compare the effectiveness of manual destruction of mounds and killing of termite queen and king, chemical chlorpyrifos, seed and leaves extract of neem and Lantana (as separate experiment) and smoke on termite control. Termite mounds were selected randomly inside HAC compound. The materials used were hand hoe, spade, fork, water, 20 L jar and protective clothes. The treatments were replicated three times. The botanical treatments were prepared at 2 L of highly concentrated extracts per 20 L of water each. Chlorpyrifos was applied at 20 ml per 20 L of water. Dried woody plants were used for smoke treatment. Careful digging was done to avoid king escape and queen rupture and they were killed by burning. Among all, the mechanical destruction and killing of king and queen and chlorpyrifos resulted in a complete control of the termite population. Except in the mounds treated by chlorpyrifos, the activity of termite population was very active and they closed the opened galleries immediately after treatment even though there were dead termite castes in all treatments. Living termite castes were counted by taking a medium size spade of broken mound pieces. The highest count was recorded from mounds treated by smoke. After two weeks the queen and king in every treatment mound were cheeked and killed for those who were alive. Except by the chlorpyrifos and manual destruction of mound (king and queen were killed before) all the royal families were alive and killed. Controlling of termite population in the field (outside their mound) is not possible due to the hidden fora

关键词： Termite Castes Mounds Cultural Mechanical Chlorpyrifos Lantana Seed and Leaf Extract Neem Leaf and Seed Kernel Extract

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Effect of Potassium Levels on Growth and Productivity of Potato Varieties

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第12期7卷 1629-1638页

作者： Daniel Zeru Zelelew Sewa Lal Tesfai Tsegai Kidane biniam Mesfin Ghebreslassie Department of Horticulture Hamelmalo Agricultural College Keren Eritrea Department of Agricultural Economics Hamelmalo Agricultural College Keren Eritrea Department of Horticulture Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Juja Kenya

Potato is one of the priority vegetable crops in the highlands of Eritrea growing as a key component in the livelihood systems of farmers. Potato requires a variety of balanced plant mineral nutrients for growth and development without which yield and qualities of tubers are reduced. Potato growers in Eritrea commonly use Di-ammonium Phosphate, Urea and Farmyard manure while potassium fertilizers are overlooked assuming that the soil is developed from K rich parent material and contains sufficient amount of K to support crop growth. However this assumption is based on the result obtained forty-seven years ago. As a result the yield and quality of potato produced is very low as compared with international standards. Therefore the present experiment was conducted to assess the effect of potassium levels on growth and productivity of potato varieties at Hamelmalo Agricultural College, Eritrea. The experiment was conducted in factorial Randomized Complete Block Design with fifteen treatment combinations of three varieties (Ajiba, Zafira and Picasso) and five potassium levels (0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 kg K2O/ha) replicated thrice. The results of the study showed that both variety and potassium had significant effect on growth and yield parameters. Aerial stem number, leaf number per plant and plant height were increased with increasing K levels from 0 to 150 kg while number of days to maturity was increased in the range of 0 - 300 kg K2O/ha. The result also indicated that variety Ajiba treated with 300 kg K2O/ha produced significantly highest tuber weight (1.14 kg) per plant and tuber yield of 49.38 t/ha. The economic analysis result revealed that maximum gross margin 13,665.816 USD/ha was obtained from the application of 300 kg K2O/ha. On the whole, it gives an impression that using potassium fertilizer according to soil requirements will have good influence on growth and tuber yield.

关键词： Eritrea Potassium Potato Varieties Tuber Yield

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Effect of Moisture Conservation Methods and Plant Density on the Productivity of Two Maize (<i>Zea mays</i>L.) Varieties under Semi-Arid Tropics of Hamelmalo, Eritrea

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第1期8卷 28-39页

作者： Shimendi Gde Okbagabir N. N. Angiras biniam Mesfin Ghebreslassie Department of Agronomy Hamelmalo Agricultural College Keren Eritrea Deprtment of Horticulture Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Juja Kenya

The productivity of maize in Eritrea in general and under semi-arid tropics of Hamelmalo in particular is low because of moisture stress. The low moisture content is ascribed to the low and erratic distribution of rainfall, high temperature, lack of suitable varieties, and competition by weeds and low soil fertility. To overcome some of these problems, a field experiment was carried out to assess the effect of moisture conservation methods (MCM) and plant density on the productivity of two maize (Zea mays L.) varieties under semi-arid tropics of Hamelmalo, Eritrea. The experiment was conducted in split-split plot design with three MCM viz tied ridge, ridge and furrow and flat-bed in main plots;two maize varieties viz early local and 04sadve hybrid in sub plots and three plant densities by manipulating the plant to plant distance viz 35 cm, 25 cm and 15 cm at a fixed 75 cm row spacing in sub-sub plots, each replicated thrice. The experiment was focused in addressing the effective moisture conservation techniques, optimum plant density to each variety thus to improve productivity. The crop experienced 10°C to 34.8°C minimum and maximum temperature, respectively and received 429.1 mm total rainfall. The results of the experiment indicated that among all the combinations, 04sadve hybrid variety sown at 75 cm × 25 cm spacing in ridge and furrow method or at 75 cm × 15 cm spacing in tied ridge or flat-bed method and early local variety sown at 75 cm × 15 cm spacing in flat-bed being statistically at par resulted in significantly higher moisture conservation and consequently higher grain yield (4509 kg·ha-1) and higher water use efficiency. It is, therefore, recommended that tied ridge or flat-bed of moisture conservation method at 15 cm plant spacing and 04sadve is preferable to optimize productivity in Hamelmalo area, Eritrea.

关键词： Eritrea Moisture Conservation Methods Maize Varieties Water Use Efficiency

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Potato Seed Supply, Marketing and Production Constraints in Eritrea

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第24期5卷 3684-3693页

作者： biniam Mesfin Ghebreslassie S. Mwangi Githiri Tadesse Mehari Remmy W. Kasili Department of Horticulture Hamelmalo Agricultural College Keren Eritrea Institute of Biotechnology Research Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Department of Horticulture Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Institute of Biotechnology Research Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya

Potato is an important vegetable crop in Eritrea contributing significantly to food security. Despite its importance, however, production and thus supply of the crop in the market are limited. The current study is designed to understand the seed supply system, marketing out lets and major production constraints. The survey was conducted in the two main potato producing Zobas of the country (Zoba Maekel and Zoba Debub). Qualitative and quantitative data was generated using focus group discussion (PRA) and semi structured questionnaire, respectively. A total of 20 villages were visited and 138 farmers were interviewed. The finding revealed that there is no standard seed supply system thus majority (91.3%) of the growers purchase seed from open market with a limited supply from the Ministry of Agriculture. Furthermore, about 63% of the farmers from Zoba Maekel reserve their own seed for the next cycle compared to 53.6% from Zoba Debub. It was noted that the Tsaeda embaba variety grows predominantly in the country owing to its yield and resistance. Majority of the growers rely on tuber colour and shape for variety identification, thus over 76% prefer the round shaped and white coloured variety. The potential marketing outlets include wholesale, retailer and direct to consumers. Majority (78.3%) of the interviewed growers indicated that large portion of their produce is marketed via wholesaler followed by retailers (27.5%). Main production limiting constraints are identified as low input supplies, availability and cost of clean seeds, pest pressure while huge market demand and access to transportation are considered as potentials encouraging grower. It is, therefore, recommended that an immediate action to establish sustainable seed supply system is taken into consideration in line with a regular extension service to provide technical advice to growers.

关键词： Potato Seed Source Marketing Constraints Potentials

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Analysis of Diversity among Potato Accessions Grown in Eritrea Using Single Linkage Clustering

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第13期6卷 2122-2127页

作者： biniam Mesfin Ghebreslassie S. Mwangi Githiri Tadesse Mehari Remmy W. Kasili Department of Horticulture Hamelmalo Agricultural College Keren Eritrea Department of Horticulture Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Institute of Biotechnology Research Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya

Potato is an important cash and food crop, a source of income to many small scale farmers in Eritrea. In the long tradition of potato cultivation farmers have adopted a number of landraces. However, very little is known about their genetic diversity which limits further breeding programs to improve productivity. The objective of the study was to characterize potato accessions grown in Eritrea. A total of 21 accessions collected from farmers and NARI were used in this study for characterization employing 33 phenotypic descriptors. Single linkage (nearest neighbor) clustering method using UPGMA employing Euclidean test was used to yield a dendrogram. The clustering generated three main clusters with further sub clusters. The clustering helped to identify accessions that shared the same characteristics and/or that were closely related and vice versa. It was noted that there was no distinct relationship between the clusters groups and geographic sources of accession. Yet, accessions sharing the same name may not necessarily share the same genetic content. Mean deviation of variables for each group from the total mean indicated that Group III followed by group I showed negative deviation in most of the recorded yield related traits. Group I was particularly affected by the presence of two inferior accessions in the group. On the other hand, Group II accessions showed relatively maximum deviation from the total mean and could be recommended for use as parent for any breeding program in Eritrea.

关键词： Solanum tuberosum Potato Eritrea Morphological Traits Cluster Diversity

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