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The Security of Using Large Language Models:A Survey With Emphasis on ChatGPT

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第1期 1-26页

作者： Wei Zhou xiaogang Zhu Qing-Long Han Lin Li xiao Chen Sheng Wen Yang xiang the School of Science Computing and Engineering Technologies Swinburne University of Technology IEEE the School of Computer and Mathematical Sciences the University of Adelaide Adelaide the Faculty of Science and Engineering Southern Cross University the School of Information and Physical Sciences the University of Newcastle

ChatGPT is a powerful artificial intelligence(AI)language model that has demonstrated significant improvements in various natural language processing(NLP) tasks. However, like any technology, it presents potential security risks that need to be carefully evaluated and addressed. In this survey, we provide an overview of the current state of research on security of using ChatGPT, with aspects of bias, disinformation, ethics, misuse,attacks and privacy. We review and discuss the literature on these topics and highlight open research questions and future *** this survey, we aim to contribute to the academic discourse on AI security, enriching the understanding of potential risks and mitigations. We anticipate that this survey will be valuable for various stakeholders involved in AI development and usage, including AI researchers, developers, policy makers, and end-users.

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Corrosion behavior of nickel-based 718 alloy determined by in situ electrochemical methods at different partial pressures of H2S in 25 wt% NaCl solution at 150℃

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Rare Metals 2019年第9期38卷 855-863页

作者： Yu-bi Zhang xiao-Liang Yang An Tang School of Mechanical Engineering Henan University of EngineeringZhengzhou 451191China Chongqing Materials Research Institute Co. LtdChonging 400707China

The corrosion behavior of nickel-based 718 alloy at seven partial pressures of H2 S(PH2 S)was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)and polarization methods in 25 wt% NaCl solution at150℃ for 168 *** tested results show that anodic reactions are controlled alternately by the diffusion mostly,then both charge transfer and diffusion and finally charge transfer mainly with the increment of PH2 *** corrosive products are composed of sulfides and oxides of Ni,Cr and Fe with double layers for PH2 S of 5.1 and 13.0 MPa and three layers for PH2 S of 10.4 MPa according to microstructures and compositions of corrosion products characterized by the scanning electron microscope(SEM)and electron probe microanalysis(EPMA)*** inner oxides layer plays a critical role in anti-corrosion in a wet H2 S environment at high temperature and pressure.

关键词： Nickel-based 718 alloy Corrosion electrochemistry Polarization Passive film

A Model for Slicing JAVA Programs Hierarchically

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2004年第6期19卷 848-858页

作者： bi-XinLi xiao-CongFan JunPang Jian-JunZhao DepartmentofComputerScienceandEngineering SoutheastUniversityNanjing210096P.R.China SchoolofInformationScienceandTechnology PENNSTATEUniversityParkPA16802U.S.A. CWI Kruislaan4131098SJAmsterdamNetherlands DepartmentofComputerScienceandEngineering FITFukuoka811-02Japan

Program slicing can be effectively used to debug, test, analyze, understand and maintain objectoriented software. In this paper, a new slicing model is proposed to slice Java programs based on their inherent hierarchical feature. The main idea of hierarchical slicing is to slice programs in a stepwise way, from package level, to class level, method level, and finally up to statement level. The stepwise slicing algorithm and the related graph reachability algorithms are presented, the architecture of the Java program Analyzing TOol (JATO) based on hierarchical slicing model is provided, the applications and a small case study are also discussed. Keywords software engineering - hierarchical model - program slicing - JAVA - stepwise algorithm - JATO This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.60473065 and the Outstanding Youth Teacher Support Foundation of Southeast University under Grant No.4009001011.bi-Xin Li is a professor in Southeast University from Jan., 2004. He received the Ph.D. degree in computer software and theory from Nanjing University in 2001. From Apr. 2001 to Apr. 2002, he worked at TUCS (Turku Center for Computer Science) for one year as a post-doctoral researcher. From Apr. 2002 to Dec. 2003, he worked. at Department of Computer and Information Science, NTNU (Norwegian University of Science and Technology), and CWI (the Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica), both as an ERCIM Fellow. His current research interests include software construction, software testing, SQA techniques, software architecture and component techniques, safety-critical system and formal verification, etc.xiao-Cong Fan is a senior researcher in the Inteligent Agent Lab of the Pennsylvania State University from 2002. He received the Ph.D. degree from Nanjing University in 1999. From 2000 to 2002, he worked at the turku Centre for Computer Science and the Computer Science Department of Abo Akademi University in Finland, where h

关键词： software engineering hierarchical model program slicing JAVA stepwise algorithm JATO

Cusp Bursting and Slow-Fast Analysis with Two Slow Parameters in Photosensitive Belousov–Zhabotinsky Reaction

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Chinese Physics Letters 2013年第7期30卷 30-33页

作者： LI xiang-Hong bi Qin-Sheng Department of Mathematics and Physics Shijiazhuang Tiedao UniversityShijiazhuang 050043 Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013

By introducing weakly periodic perturbation given by light,the three-variable model of photosensitive Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction with two time scales may possess two slow *** codimension-2 bursting called cusp bursting is novel,especially the phenomenon that is of the transiently quiescent state mixed among repetitively large amplitude *** slow-fast dynamics analysis with two slow parameters,based on overlapping the codimension-2 bifurcation diagram of the fast subsystem with the 3-dimensional transition phase portrait of the whole system,is proposed to reveal the bifurcation mechanism of bursting oscillation with two slow *** adjustment behavior of slow parameters is used to explain the transformation between the spiking state and quiescent state.

关键词： state. bifurcation weakly

Catalytic Performance of MnO_x-WO_3/TiO_2 Catalyst for Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO_x with NH_3 and Its Tolerance Towards SO_2

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2009年第6期25卷 914-919页

作者： WU bi-jun LIU xiao-qin xiao Ping State Power Environmental Protection Research Institute of China Guodian Corporation Nanjing 210031 P R. China Chemical Engineering Institute Nanjing University of Technology Nanjing 210009 P. R. China

The performance of Mn-W/TiO2 for selective catalytic reduction（SCR） of NOx with NH3 and its resistance to different concentrations of SO2 at various temperatures were investigated. The results show that WO3 increased the active sites and enhanced the strength of acid, so it was an effective promoter of MnOJTiO2. The NOx conversion on Mn-W/TiO2 ranges from 80.3% to 99.6% between 100 ℃to 350℃ at GHSV=18900 h 1, while N2 product selectivity changes from 100% to 98.7%. In the presence of 0.01% SO2 and 6% H20, NOx conversion maintained 98.5% at 120℃. The influence of more than 0.01% SO2 on the activity of MnOx-WO3/TiO2 will disappear if the temperature rises above 250℃. By means of heating and sweeping with He, the activity of the catalysts can be recovered. At 300℃, NOx conversion yielded 99% with 0.07% SO2 and reached the level of commercial V-W/TiO2 catalysts. The Mn-W/TiO2 catalyst showed excellent performance for SCR of NOx with NH3 in a wider range of temperature with strong tolerance to SO2.

关键词： Selective catalytic reduction NOx MnOx-WO3/TiO2 Catalytic performance

Single-Hopf Bursting in Periodic Perturbed Belousov–Zhabotinsky Reaction with Two Time Scales

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Chinese Physics Letters 2013年第1期30卷 37-40页

By introducing weak periodic perturbation to the Oregonator,we investigate a mathematical model with two time *** novel dynamical phenomena called the single-Hopf bursting with unusually quiescent state are *** related bifurcation mechanism is presented by means of the transition portrait and slow-fast analysis,which has rarely been reported in the previous works associated with the Oregonator ***,the influence of forcing amplitude on bursting behaviors is *** investigation finds that excitation amplitude may play an important role in a two-timescale system with the slow procedure dominated by periodic perturbation.

关键词： Hopf periodic Periodic

Analytic Study of with the New Combined Data from Color Glass Condensate

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Chinese Physics Letters 2014年第3期31卷 43-46页

作者： HU Jin-bi SHANG Lun-Hua SONG xiao-Shu CHEN Shi-Guo ZHOU Dai-Cui xiang Wen-Chang College of Physics and Electronics Science Guizhou Normal University Guiyang 550001 Institute of Particle Physics Huazhong Normal University Wuhan 430079

We perform a global analysis of the new combined data on inclusive structure functions in electron-proton scattering at small value of Bjorken x （x≤0.01） in the framework of the color glass condensate. The new combined HERA data at small-x are studied by an analytic proton structure function. It is shown that the theoretical results of the analytic proton structure function are in agreement with the new combined experimental data. The longitudinal proton structure function is investigated with the analytic expression. It is demonstrated that our approach shows a very good description of the longitudinal structure function experimental data, which is evidence showing the saturation effect is a domination mechanism during the rapidity evolution of the gluon density at high energy.

关键词： INELASTIC scattering RESEARCH COLORED glass CONDENSATION INELASTIC electron scattering PROTONS -- Scattering

Change of Electronic Structure and Magnetic Properties with MgO and Fe Thicknesses in Fe/MgO/Fe Magnetic Tunnel Junction

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2006年第B12期19卷 151-155页

作者： YANG Fan bi xiao-fang School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics 100083 Beijing China

The effects of the thickness of MgO and Fe on the electronic structure and magnetic properties of Fe/MgO/Fe magnetic tunnel junction was studied using the first principle method. Two series of models with MgO of different thicknesses： Fe（3）MgO（t）Fe（3）（t-=1,3,5,7） and with Fe of varied thicknesses： Fe（t）MgO（3）Fe（t）（t=3,4,5,6,7） were established. Calculated results show that in all the models the magnetic moment of Fe increases at the Fe/MgO interface and surface as compared with that of the inner layers. The mag- netic moment of each Fe layer was found to be independent of MgO thicknesses, while the spin-polarization of Fe layer at the interface shows a slight change in function of the MgO thicknesses. The tunneling magnetoresistance （TMR） ratio estimated by the Julliere model has the same change tendency as the spin-polarization has, and the largest value is obtained at the MgO thickness of 5 atomic layers. When the Fe thickness increases, the spin-polarization of interface Fe layer follows up an increase with a decrease. The highest TMR value is achieved when the Fe thickness is of 4 atomic layers.

关键词： Fe/MgO/Fe electronic structure tunnel magnetoresistance thicknesses

PVC DISULFIDE AS CATHODE MATERIALS FOR SECONDARY LITHIUM BATTERIES

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2006年第3期24卷 307-313页

作者： Guo-xiang Xu 其鲁 bi-tao Yu Lei Wen Department of Applied Chemistry College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China Department of lnorganic Nonmetal Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China

PVC disulfide （2SPVC） was synthesized by solution crosslink and its molecular structure was confirmed by infrared spectrum. 2SPVC＇s specific area is 36.1 m^2·g^-1 tested by stand BET method, and granularity experiment gives out the particle size of d0.5 = 11.3 μm. With SEM （Scanning Electron Microscope） experiment the surface morphology and particle shape of 2SPVC were observed. Cyclic voltammetry （scan rate： 0.5 mV · s^-1） shows that 2SPVC experience an obvious S-S redox reaction in charge-discharge process. When 2SPVC was used as cathode material for secondary lithium battery in a 1 mol·L^-1 solution of lithium bis（trifluoromethylsulfonyl） imide （Li（CF3SO2）2N） in a 5：45：50 volume ratio mixture of o-xylene （oxy）, diglyme （DG） and dimethoxymethane （DME） at 30℃, the first discharge capacity of 2SPVC is about 400.3 mAh·g^-1 which is very close to its theoretical value （410.5 mAh ·g^-1） at a constant discharge current of 15 mA·g^-1. It can retain at about 346.1 mAh ·g^-1 of discharge capacity after 30 charge-discharge cycles. So 2SPVC is a very promising cathode candidate for rechargeable lithium batteries.

关键词： PVC disulfide (2SPVC) Cathode Lithium battery Capacity Cycle.