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The evolving views of hematopoiesis:from embryo to adulthood and from in vivo to in vitro

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第1期51卷 3-15页

作者： Yifan Zhang feng liu Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental biology School of Life SciencesShandong UniversityQingdaoShandong 266237China State Key Laboratory of Membrane biology Institute of ZoologyInstitute for Stem Cell and RegenerationUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The hematopoietic system composed of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells(HSPCs)and their differentiated lineages serves as an ideal model to uncover generic principles of cell fate transitions.From gastrulation onwards,there successively emerge primitive hematopoiesis(that produces specialized he-matopoietic cells),pro-definitive hematopoiesis(that produces lineage-restricted progenitor cells),and definitive hematopoiesis(that produces multipotent HSPCs).These nascent lineages develop in several transient hematopoietic sites and finally colonize into lifelong hematopoietic sites.The development and maintenance of hematopoietic lineages are orchestrated by cell-intrinsic gene regulatory networks and cell-extrinsic microenvironmental cues.Owing to the progressive methodology(e.g.,high-throughput lineage tracing and single-cell functional and omics analyses),our understanding of the developmental origin of hematopoietic lineages and functional properties of certain hematopoietic organs has been updated;meanwhile,new paradigms to characterize rare cell types,cell heterogeneity and its causes,and comprehensive regulatory landscapes have been provided.Here,we review the evolving views of HSPC biology during developmental and postnatal hematopoiesis.Moreover,we discuss recent advances in the in vitro induction and expansion of HSPCs,with a focus on the implications for clinical applications.

关键词： Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell Developmental hematopoiesis Postnatal hematopoiesis In vitro hematopoiesis

Formation mechanism of Fe-based amorphous powders produced by spark erosion

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第3期170卷 33-46页

作者： Chekai liu Ran Li Jiazi bi Ding Ma Xiaobin liu Tao Zhang School of Materials Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Aerospace Materials and Performance(Ministry of Education)Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China

Spark erosion is a convenient,flexible,and low-cost method to quickly produce fine powders of metals,alloys,and semiconductors in size ranging from nearly a hundred micrometers to submicrometer by repetitive spark discharges.Due to the complexity of the powder-forming journey,normally accompanied by high temperature,high pressure,decomposition,diffusion and rapid quenching caused by discharge plasma,the mechanisms of powder formation and possible contaminant infiltration are still controversial,posing a significant challenge to control particle size and chemical composition of the powder produced by this method.In this study,Fe-based amorphous powders in different particle-size distributions with high sphericity were fabricated by spark erosion under different discharge-energy conditions.The max-imum particle size of the resultant powders can be correlated with discharge parameters,crater depth,and crater radius,respectively.A multi-ring-breakup model is proposed to reveal the particle-size distribution of the powder formed from the electrode melt under a single-pulse discharge.Furthermore,a dielectric-element infiltration model is provided to quantitatively evaluate the infiltration mass ratio of the contaminant elements,stemming from the decomposed products of dielectric liquid,in the resultant powder with different particle sizes.The models verified through the experimental data are significant for the development of high-performance fine Fe-based amorphous powder with controlled particle size and chemical composition.

关键词： Amorphous alloy Particle Spark erosion Infiltration Modeling

High-efficiency crystalline white organic lightemitting diodes

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第4期13卷 747-759页

作者： Yijun liu feng Zhu Yue Wang Donghang Yan State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130022China. School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China. State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials Jilin UniversityChangchun 130012China

Crystalline white organic light-emitting diodes(C-WOLEDs)are promising candidates for lighting and display applications.It is urgently necessary,however,to develop energy-saving and high-efficiency C-WOLEDs that have stable and powerful emission to meet commercial demands.Here,we report a crystalline host matrix(CHM)with embedded nanoaggregates(NA)structure for developing high-performance C-WOLEDs by employing a thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF)material and orange phosphorescent dopants(Phos.-D).The CHM-TADFNA-D WOLED exhibit a remarkable EQE of 12.8%,which is the highest performance WOLEDs based on crystalline materials.The device has a quick formation of excitons and a well-designed energy transfer process,and possesses a fast ramping of luminance and current density.Compared to recently reported high-performance WOLEDs based on amorphous material route,the C-WOLED achieves a low series-resistance Joule-heat loss ratio and an enhanced photon output,demonstrating its significant potential in developing the next-generation WOLEDs.

关键词： diodes dopant crystalline

Energy budget of cold and hot gas-solid fluidized beds through CFD-DEM simulations

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Particuology 2024年第6期89卷 153-171页

作者： Lei bi Yunpeng Jiao Chunjiang liu Jianhua Chen Wei Ge School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China School of Chemical Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Direct energy budget is carried out for both cold and hot flow in gas–solid fluidization systems.First,the energy paths are proposed from thermodynamic viewpoints.Energy consumption means total power input to the specific system,and it can be decomposed into energy retention and energy dissipation.Energy retention is the variation of accumulated mechanical energy in the system,and energy dissipation is the energy converted to heat by irreversible processes.Then based on the Computational Fluid Dynamics-Discrete Element Method(CFD-DEM)framework,different energy terms are quantified from the specific flow elements of fluid cells and particles as well as their interactions with the wall.In order to clarify the energy budget,it is important to identify which system is studied:the particle-fluid system or the particle sub-system.For the cold flow,the total energy consumption of the particle sub-system can well indicate the onset of bubbling and turbulent,while the variation of local energy consumption terms can reflect the evolution of heterogeneous structures.For the hot flow,different heat transfer mechanisms are analyzed and the solver is modified to reproduce the experimental results.The impact of the heat transfer mechanisms and heat production on energy consumption is also investigated.The proposed budget method has proven to be energy-conservative and easy to conduct,and it is hopeful to be applied to other multiphase flow systems.

关键词： Energy budget Gas-solid fluidization CFD-DEM Regime transition Heat transfer mechanism

Iron-nickel alloy particles with N-doped carbon “armor” as a highly selective and long-lasting catalyst for the synthesis of Nbenzylaniline molecules

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 2308-2319页

作者： Gang Wang Longchao Sun Wanyi liu Haijuan Zhan Shuxian bi College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ningxia UniversityYinchuan 750021China

A scalable strategy for the convenient and rapid preparation of nitrogen-doped carbon-coated iron-based alloy catalysts was developed.By controlling the type and amount of metal salts in the precursor,various types of nitrogen-doped carbon-coated alloy catalysts can be prepared in a targeted manner.Fe_(2)Ni2@CN materials with small particle sizes and relatively homogeneous basic sites showed promising results in the N-alkylation reaction of benzyl alcohol with aniline(optimum yield:99%).It is worth noting that the catalyst can also be magnetically separated and recovered after the reaction,and its performance can be regenerated through simple calcination.Furthermore,it was confirmed by kinetic experiments that the activation of C–H at the benzyl alcohol benzylic position is the rate-determining step(RDS).According to density flooding theory calculations,Fe_(2)Ni2@CN catalysts require less energy than other materials(Fe@CN and Ni@CN)for the RDS(dehydrogenation reaction)process.Therefore N-alkylation reactions are more easily carried out on Fe_(2)Ni2@CN catalysts,which may be the reason for the best catalytic activity of Fe-Ni alloy materials.These carbon-coated alloy materials will show great potential in more types of heterogeneous catalysis.

关键词： iron-nickel alloy catalyst N-alkylation reaction magnetic separation reaction path dehydrogenation reaction

Lysosome-targeted carbon dots with a light-controlled nitric oxide releasing property for enhanced photodynamic therapy

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第4期35卷 420-425页

作者： Hao Cai Xiaoyan Wu Lei Jiang feng Yu Yuxiang Yang Yan Li Xian Zhang Jian liu Zijian Li Hong bi School of Materials Science and Engineering Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China School of Food and biological Engineering Hefei University of TechnologyHefei 230009China

The reactive oxygen species(ROS) generation efficiency is always limited by the extreme tumor microenvironment(TME), leading to unsatisfactory antitumor effects in photodynamic therapy(PDT). As a promising gas therapy molecule, nitric oxide(NO) is independent of oxygen and could even synergize ROS to enhance the therapeutic effect. However, the short half-life, instability, and uncontrollable release of exogenous NO limited the application of tumor synergistic therapy. Herein, we reported a novel kind of red-emissive carbon dots(CDs) that was capable of lysosome-targeted and light-controlled NO delivery. The CDs were synthesized by using metformin and methylene blue(MB) via a hydrothermal method.The obtained metformin-MB CDs(MMCDs) exhibited a higher1O2quantum yield and NO generation efficiency under light emitting diode(LED) light irradiation. Noteworthily, the1O2could further in situ oxidize NO into peroxynitrite anions(ONOO-), which own the higher cytotoxicity against cancer cells.Cell experiments indicate that MMCDs could destruct lysosome membrane integrity and kill almost 80%of Hep G2 cells under light irradiation while very low cytotoxicity in the dark. Moreover, MMCDs significantly decreased tumor volume and weight after phototherapy in hepatoma Hep G2-bearing mice. Our study provides a new strategy for light-controlled NO generation as well as precise lysosome-targeting for enhancement of PDT efficiency.

关键词： Carbon dots Nitric oxide Lysosome-targeting Photodynamic therapy Cancer

Enlarged interlayer of separator coating enabling high-performance lithiumsulfur batteries

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第2期18卷 103-112页

作者： Yanqi feng Hui liu Xiaoting liu Qiongqiong Lu School of Materials&Environment Engineering Chengdu Technological UniversityChengdu 611730China School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic MaterialsShaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXi’an 710021China Green Catalysis Center and College of ChemistryZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Institute of Materials Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Conductor MaterialsHenan Academy of SciencesZhengzhou 450046China Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research(IFW) Dresden e.V.Dresden 01069Germany

Lithiumsulfur batteries have been intensively studied due to their high theoretical energy density and abundant sulfur resources. However, their commercial application is hindered by the low redox kinetics and high sulfur losses. In principle, in the design of cathodes and separators, the adsorption toward lithium-polysulfides should be enhanced and the conversion of soluble high-order lithium-polysulfides should be catalyzed. Herein, a KV_(3)O_(8)·0.75H_(2)O separator is designed as an effective lithium-polysulfides mediator in lithiumsulfur batteries. The intercalated K+ would enlarge the interlayer spacing of vanadium oxides, preventing the collapse of the layer structure and improving the electrical/ion conductivity of the interface. Moreover, the KV_(3)O_(8)·0.75H_(2)O modified separator possess a prior adsorption and high redox kinetics toward lithium-polysulfides due to the enhanced diffusion kinetics, which guarantees the high-rate capability and efficient utilization of sulfur. As a result, lithiumsulfur batteries exhibit a high capacity of 1362 mAh·g^(-1) and a long lifespan with a low capacity loss of 0.073% per cycle. This work may provide an alternative way to establish a functional separator to balance the adsorption and conversion of polysulfides during the redox back and forth.

关键词： lithium kinetics adsorption

Quantum phase transition of the Jaynes-Cummings model

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第1期67卷 1-9页

作者： Cheng liu Jin-feng Huang Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Matter Microstructure and Function of Hunan ProvinceDepartment of Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and ApplicationsInstitute of Interdisciplinary StudiesHunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China

Herein,we propose an experimentally feasible scheme to show the quantum phase transition of the Jaynes-Cummings(JC)model by modulating the transition frequency of a two-level system in a quantum Rabi model with strong coupling.By tuning the modulation frequency and amplitude,the ratio of the effective coupling strength of the rotating terms to the effective cavity(atomic transition)frequency can enter the deep-strong coupling regime,while the counter-rotating terms can be neglected.Thus,a deep-strong JC model is obtained.The ratio of the coupling strength to resonance frequencies in the deep-strong JC model is two orders of magnitude larger than the corresponding ratio in the original quantum Rabi model.Our scheme can be employed in atom-cavity resonance and off-resonance cases,and it is valid over a broad range.The nonzero average cavity photons of the ground state indicate the emergence of a quantum phase transition.Further,we demonstrate the dependence of the phase diagram on the atom-cavity detuning and modulation parameters.All the parameters used in our scheme are within the reach of current experimental technology.Our scheme provides a new mechanism for investigating the critical phenomena of finite-sized systems without requiring classical field limits,thereby opening a door for studying fundamental quantum phenomena occurring in the ultrastrong and even deep-strong coupling regimes.

关键词： Jaynes-Cummings model quantum phase transition frequency modulation

Demonstration of controlled high-dimensional quantum teleportation

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第3期67卷 1-6页

作者： Min-Yu Lv Xiao-Min Hu Neng-Fei Gong Tie-Jun Wang Yu Guo bi-Heng liu Yun-feng Huang Chuan-feng Li Guang-Can Guo CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China CAS Centerfor Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China Hefei National Laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230088China State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications School of ScienceBeijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing 100876China

Controlled quantum teleportation(CQT), which is regarded as the prelude and backbone for a genuine quantum internet, reveals the cooperation, supervision, and control relationship among the sender, receiver, and controller in the quantum network within the simplest unit. Compared with low-dimensional counterparts, high-dimensional CQT can exhibit larger information transmission capacity and higher superiority of the controller's authority. In this article, we report a proof-of-principle experimental realization of three-dimensional(3D) CQT with a fidelity of 97.4% ± 0.2%. To reduce the complexity of the circuit, we simulate a standard 4-qutrit CQT protocol in a 9×9-dimensional two-photon system with high-quality operations. The corresponding control powers are 48.1% ± 0.2% for teleporting a qutrit and 52.8% ± 0.3% for teleporting a qubit in the experiment, which are both higher than the theoretical value of control power in 2-dimensional CQT protocol(33%). The results fully demonstrate the advantages of high-dimensional multi-partite entangled networks and provide new avenues for constructing complex quantum networks.

关键词： high dimension quantum information quantum teleportation quantum nonlocality