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Excipient effect on antimicrobial activity of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zelylanicum album) oil, Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) oil and Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi) oil

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Infectious Diseases research 2024年第1期5卷 27-31页

作者： bhoj r singh Shiv Varan singh ravikant Agarwal Akanksha Yadav Division of Epidemiology ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research InstituteBareilly 243122India Division of Bacteriology and Mycology ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research InstituteBareilly 243122India Division of Livestock Products Technology ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research InstituteBareilly 243122India.

Background:Many herbal essential oils are potential antimicrobials but their pharmaceutical utility is restricted due to a lack of suitable excipients to mollify their dermatotoxicity and irritant property,and outcome of their therapeutic use may vary with different diluents ***:Effect of 16 diluents(dimethyl sulfoxide,liquid paraffin,glycerine,oils of mustard,sunflower,rice bran,palm,groundnut,olive,coconut,sesame,avocado,jojoba,castor,linseed and soybean)was assessed on antimicrobial activity of 2%cinnamon(Cinnamomum zelylanicum album),thyme(Thymus vulgaris)and ajowan(Trachyspermum ammi)oils using agar well diffusion *** effect of excipients was evaluated on six Candida albicans,five Escherichia coli,four Acinetobacter lwoffii,two strains each of Staphylococcus aureus,Enterobacter agglomerans,and Enterococcus faecium and one strain each of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus,Escherichia fergusonii,Klebsiella oxytoca,*** ***,Leclercia adecarboxylata,Paenibacillus amylolyticus,Proteus mirabilis,***,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,raoultella terrigena,Staphylococcus capitis ***,***,***,*** and Streptococcus ***:Thyme oil(2%)maintained it antimicrobial activity on dilution in dimethyl sulfoxide and glycerine,and ajowan oil(2%)completely lost its antibacterial activity in all diluents except dimethyl ***,cinnamon oil partially lost its antimicrobial activity upon dilution in glycerine,vegetable,and mineral oils in comparison to dimethyl *** oil was the best vegetable oil,almost comparable to dimethyl sulfoxide and castor oil was the worst diluent for maintaining antimicrobial activity of cinnamon ***:The study indicated the non-suitability of vegetable oils for pharmaceutical formulations of essential oils except olive oil for dilution of cinnamon oil and glycerol for thyme oil to replace dimethyl sulfoxide as diluent.

关键词： essential oils herbal antimicrobials herbal drug-resistance Bacteria Candida

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Comparative antimicrobial activity in Murrah buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Heifers’ urine and urine distillate

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Infectious Diseases research 2024年第1期5卷 32-39页

作者： bhoj r singh Himani Agri Dayanath Balusamy Akanksha Yadav Varsha Jayakumar Division of Epidemiology ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research InstituteBareilly 243122India.

Background:Murrah buffalo is a breed of water buffalo(Bubalus bubalis)reared for milk and meat,especially in Northern *** are so many studies on the antimicrobial potential of the cow(Bos indicus)urine but buffalo urine has rarely been *** study was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity in whole buffalo urine and its ***:Urine specimens were collected from seven Murrah buffalo heifers in the morning over three days from all seven heifers and distillated to prepare urine distillate(UD).The antimicrobial activity was determined through 96 well microplate method diluting(1:1)urine and UD in Mueller Hinton liquid medium against 919 microbial strains belonging to 148 species of 49 genera(Candia,11 genera of Gram+ve bacteria,37 genera of Gram-ve bacteria).The test strains were taken from the repository,revived and tested for purity before *** test strains were of clinical origin(372),environmental origin(496)and also from reference strain repositories(51).results:Of the 919 test strains,a total of 57.89%and 56.04%of the tested strains were susceptible to UD and urine,*** was a no significant(p>0.4)difference in the antimicrobial activity of UD and urine against 919 strains of microbes,regardless of their genus,species,and Gram staining ***,there was no significant(p>0.4)difference between the susceptibility of bacterial and Candida strains to UD or ***,strains of clinical origin were more often resistant to buffalo UD and urine(prains isolated from environmental sources irrespective of their Gram staining characteristics(p>0.05).A significantly(pr proportion of reference strains was susceptible to UD and urine than microbial strains of clinical and environmental *** buffalo urine and UD,the most susceptible strains were Stenotrophomonas maltophilia(13/13)followed by Citrobacter freundii(8/10);Salmonella enterica ***(21/27),Geobacillus stearothermo

关键词： Bubalus bubalis Edwardsiella tarda Entereococcus faecium Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae raoultella terrigena Salmonella enteric

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The effect of carbapenem resistance in Klebsiellae on infection outcomes in animals and birds

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Infectious Diseases research 2024年第2期5卷 12-14页

作者： bhoj r singh Abhijit M Pawde Division of Epidemiology ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research InstituteBareilly 243122India Wildlife Cetre ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research InstituteBareilly 243122India

It is often said that the emergence of antimicrobial drug resistance(AMr)in pathogens is the major cause of *** the present study,clinical microbiology data on infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae strains and their antimicrobial drug resistance specifically to carbapenems retrieved from Clinical Epidemiology database of the Institute were analysed to determine the impact of carbapenem resistance in Klebsiellae isolated from the clinical samples of veterinary cases and outcome of the infection because in a few recent reports it is claimed that the presence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiellae is associated with higher mortality in humans due to Klebsiella *** retrospective analysis of Klebsiella infections in animals and birds revealed that 21.8%of *** causing pneumonic or septicemic infections were carbapenem-resistant but the carbapenem resistance was not associated with increased numbers of deaths or *** may be probably due to the fact that carbapenem drugs were not used for the treatment of infected animals and carbapenem resistance may not be associated with the lethality potential of Klebsiellae.

关键词： Klebsiella pneumoniae Klebsiella oxytoca Klebsiella aerogenes abortions

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A comparative study on antimicrobial susceptibility of uroculturome of humans in health and urinary tract infections

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Infectious Diseases research 2024年第3期5卷 9-21页

作者： bhoj raj singh Himani Agri Division of Epidemiology ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research InstituteIzatnagar 243122India

Background:The uroculturome indicates the profile of culturable microbes inhabiting the urinary tract,and it is often required to do a urine culture to find an effective antimicrobial to treat urinary tract infections(UTIs).Methods:This study targeted to understand the profile of culturable pathogens in the urine of apparently healthy(128)and humans with clinical UTIs(161)and their antimicrobial *** the urine samples were analyzed to quantify microbial load and determine the diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility of microbes following standard microbiological ***:In urine samples from UTI cases,microbial counts were 1.2×10^(4)±6.02×10^(3) colony-forming units(cfu)/mL,while in urine samples from apparently healthy humans,the average count was 3.33±1.34×10^(3) cfu/*** eight samples(six from UTI cases and two from apparently healthy people,Candida(*** 3,*** 1,*** 1,*** 1,*** 1,*** 1)and rhizopus species(1)were *** krusei was detected only in a single urine sample from a healthy person and *** was detected both in urine of healthy and clinical UTI ***-positive(G+ve)bacteria were more commonly(Odds ratio,1.98;CI99,1.01-3.87)detected in urine samples of apparently healthy humans,and Gram-negative(G−ve)bacteria(Odds ratio,2.74;CI99,1.44-5.23)in urines of UTI *** urine samples of 161 UTI cases,a total of 90 different types of microbes were detected and,73 samples had only a single type of *** contrast,49,29,3,4,1,and 2 samples had 2,3,4,5,6 and 7 types of bacteria,*** most common bacteria detected in urine of UTI cases was Escherichia coli(52 samples),in 20 cases as the single type of bacteria,other 34 types of bacteria were detected in pure form in 53 *** 128 urine samples of apparently healthy people,88 types of microbes were detected either singly or in association with others,from 64 urine samples only a single type of bact

关键词： uro-microbiome UTI antibiotic susceptibility testing herbal antimicrobials ESBL carbapenem resistance MDr multiple herbal drug resistance

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Comparative antimicrobial activity of Moricin(naturally produced by silk worm,Bombyx mori larvae)against clinically important pathogens

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传染病研究(英文) 2023年第4期4卷 24-34页

作者： bhoj r singh Himani Agri Division of Epidemiology ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research InstituteBareilly 243122India

With the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance(AMr)it becomes pertinent to search for an antimicrobial alternative to cater for the imminent need to control total drug-resistant(TDr)and multiple-drug-resistant(MDr)*** peptides(AMPs)have shown some promise and this study was designed to evaluate antimicrobial activity of Moricin(a naturally produced AMP by silkworm,Bombyx mori larvae)against 276 microbial strains of 83 *** two(Erwinia amylovora 1,Hafnia alvei 1)strains were classified as susceptible to Moricin at a concentration≤8μg/*** susceptibility criteria were set at MIC equivalent to≤128μg/mL then Moricin inhibited 17 *** of the Bacillus species strains and majority of the strains of Acinetobacter,Aeromonas,Enterococcus,Erwinia,raoultella,and Serratia species were significantly(pre often resistant(MIC>512μg/mL)to Moricin than strains belonging to Alacligenes,Bacillus,Escherichia,Klebsiella,Pantoea,Pasteurella,Salmonella,Staphylococcus and Streptococcus *** of different bacteria not only varied significantly to Moricin but also to most of the commonly used *** susceptibility of microbes not only affected by their type but also by their source of *** study concluded that Moricin has a wide spectrum but limited potential to inhibit clinically important microbial strains belonging to different species and genera.

关键词： AMPs antimicrobial susceptibility Alacligenes Escherichia Klebsiella Pasteurella Salmonella Staphylococcus Yeast and moulds

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Covid-19 vaccines and Community Immunity

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Infectious Diseases research 2021年第1期2卷 37-43页

作者： bhoj r singh Sumedha Gandharava richa Gandharva Division of Epidemiology ICAR-Indian veterinary Research InstituteIzatnagarIndia Boise State University BoiseIDUSA University College London LondonUK

This short review analyzed the present status of different Covid-19 vaccine,their utility in Covid-19 control and as a tool of herd or community *** of the vaccines approved to date have insufficient data to predict their protective potential against COVID-19 virus infection and carriage(potential as silent spreader).We also not know the period of protective immunity and their ability to protect against variants of viruses emerging *** vaccine at the most can be used as personal protective shots against COVID-19.

关键词： protective vaccines immunity

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Bacterial profile and comparative antimicrobial efficacy of fresh urine of cows, buffaloes and humans

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Infectious Diseases research 2022年第4期3卷 31-36页

作者： bhoj r singh Himani Agri Dhayananth Balusamy Varsha Jayakumar Division of Epidemiology ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research InstituteIzatnagar-243122India

Background:Holy cow(Bos indicus)urine is often considered a valuable therapeutic agent in India for treatment of many illnesses including infectious *** study was conducted to assess the presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria and to determine antibacterial activity of cow urine vis a vis human and buffalo urine using standard bacteriological ***:The study on 73 urine samples(Murra buffalo,Bubalus bubalis 13;Sahiwal cattle,Bos indicus 11;Tharparkar cattle,Bos indicus 18;Vrindavani cattle,a cross bred strain of Bos indicus and Bos taurus 12,and 19 humans),were collected aseptically and bacteriological analysis was done using standard clinical bacteriological *** determine antibacterial activity of filter-sterilized urine agar well diffusion and microplate broth dilution methods,against a battery of 18 strains,were ***:revealed presence of at least 14 types of potentially harmful bacteria in fresh urine samples,Escherichia coli,was the most common detected in 13 samples followed by Hafnia alvei(11),Staphylococcus epidermidis(8),Bacillus mycoides(7),Proteus mirabilis(5),Enterococcus faecium(4),Acinetobacter calcoaceticus(3),Enterococcus faecalis(3),Paenibacillus pantothenticus(3),Salmonella enterica *** Ser Enteritidis(3),Klebsiella pneumoniae ***(2),Pantoea agglomerans(2),Erwinia rhapontici(1),and Providencia rettgeri(1).The analysis for antimicrobial activity of filter-sterilized urine samples(73)against 18 test strains revealed that none of the urine could inhibit bacterial growth in agar well diffusion assay and 45 samples failed to inhibit any of the 18 bacteria with broth dilution *** 28 urine samples which inhibited growth of one or more test bacteria were not *** most of the test strains,there was no significant(P>0.05)difference in antibacterial potential of different urines irrespective of species,breed and sex of urine ***,*** was inhibited by significantly

关键词： holy cow urine antimicrobia Escherichia coli Salmonella Acinetobacter Klebsiella pneumoniae

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Effect of picking multiple colonies on antimicrobial susceptibility diagnostic outcome in a clinical bacteriology setting

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Infectious Diseases research 2023年第2期4卷 6-9页

作者： bhoj r singh Dharmendra K Sinha Varsha Jayakumar Himani Agri Akanksha Yadav ravichandran Karthikeyan Division of Epidemiology ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research InstituteIzatnagar 243122India

giving results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing(AST)even if the infection is detected due to a single type of ***,what should be the minimum number of colonies?The clinical laboratory manuals are silent and give different ***,the present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of picking up more than one colony for antimicrobial ***:The study was conducted on those clinical samples yielding Escherichia coli either as pure culture or as a prominent cause of *** impact of testing multiple colonies of Escherichia coli isolates was assessed on AST results through the detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamase(ESBL)producing and Metallo-β-lactamase(MBL)producing Escherichia coli carriage in clinical ***:A total of 1031 samples having *** as the most prominent or single pathogen were *** included testing either one,two,three,four,five,or more than five(6-10)representative *** colonies from 526,247,115,76,31,and 36 samples,*** study revealed that testing of less than three representative colonies significantly(prepresentative colonies were tested for ***:The study suggested that≥6 representative colonies should be emulsified for antimicrobial susceptibility tests not to miss possible infection with ESBL or MBL-producing mutants,even in mono-culture infections.

关键词： ESBL MBL clinical-diagnosis AST antibiotics antimicrobials

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The assessment of good and bad bacteria in holy basil(Ocimum sanctum)leaves

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Infectious Diseases research 2023年第4期4卷 1-21页

作者： bhoj r singh Mudit Chandra Himani Agri ravichandran Karthikeyan Akanksha Yadav Varsha Jayakumar Division of Epidemiology ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research InstituteIzatnagarBareilly 243122India Department of Veterinary Microbiology College of Veterinary SciencesGadvasuLudhianaPunjab 141012India

Holy basil(Tulsi,Ocimum sanctum)is considered to be a pious *** is used not only in many of the rituals of Hindus but is also known for its innumerable medicinal *** basil leaves(HBLs)are often consumed raw thus it is pertinent to detect the bacteria on Tulsi *** study was conducted to understand the diversity of the aerobically growing microbiome of edible holy basil leaves.A total of 112 samples of leaves were collected from households of six localities in and around Bareilly,India for detecting culturable bacteria growing aerobically.A sum of 579 bacterial isolates belonging to 106 different species was *** agglomerans isolates were detected in 43 samples followed by isolates Virgibacillus pantothenticus(21),Bacillus coagulans(18),Bacillus cereus(17),Geobacillus stearothermophilus(16),Klebsiella pneumoniae(13),Citrobacter freundii(12),Lysinibacillus sphaericus(12),Acinetobacter calcoaceticus(11),Escherichia coli(11),and Xenorhabdus bovienii(11).Isolates of 95 species of bacteria were detected onre of putatively good bacteria belonging to eight genera(Bacillus,Brevibacillus,Lysinibacillus,Paenibacillus,Photobacter,Siccibacter,Virgibacillus,Xenoirhabdus)and 23 ***,418 bacterial isolates detected in 108(96.43%)of the HBL samples were classified as potentially pathogenic for humans and animals belonging to 34 genera and 73 *** were only four samples(three from Mahanagar and one from bhojipura)that had no potential pathogenic bacteria detected in this *** analysis indicated that HBL leaves from the ICAr-IVrI campus had a lower probability(Prbouring good bacteria than samples from bhojpura,Mahanagar,North City and rajendra *** inhibiting 96.72%of the isolates and carvacrol inhibiting 96.37%of the isolates were the best herbal antimicrobials and among antibiotics,meropenem inhibited 98.96%of bacte

关键词： Ocimum sanctum antimicrobial susceptibility assay aerobic culture isolation good and bad bacteria

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Luminescence and ESr Studies of CaS：Dy Phosphor

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Chinese Physics Letters 2005年第12期22卷 3182-3185页

作者： Vijay singh 朱俊杰 T. K. Gundu rao Manoj Tiwari 潘宏程 Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 regional Sophisticated Instrumentation Centre IIT Powai Mumbai-400 076 India Department of Post Graduate Studies and Research in Physics Bhoj College Kotra Bhopal-462 003 India

CaS phosphor activated with Dy ions is prepared by the solid-state diffusion method. The phosphor is characterized by x-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and photoiuminescence. Defect centres formed in CaS：Dy are studied using the technique of electron spin resonance. The thermoluminescence glow curve shows peaks at around 117℃ and 345℃. Irradiated CaS：Dy exhibits ESr lines due to defect centres. The thermal annealing behaviour of one of the defect centres appears to correlate with the TL peaks at 117℃ and 345℃. This centre is characterized by an isotropic g-value of 2.0035 and is assigned to an F^＋ centre.

关键词： ELECTrON SPIN rESONANCE CALCIUM SULFIDE THIN-FILMS CATHODOLUMINESCENCE PArAMETErS EU

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