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MRI versus 64-row MDCT for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第48期15卷 6044-6051页

作者： Michael bernhard Pitton Roman Kloeckner Sascha Herber Gerd Otto Karl Friedrich Kreitner Christoph Dueber Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Johannes Gutenberg-University Department of Transplantation and Hepatobili-opancreatic Surgery University of Mainz

AIM:To compare the diagnostic capability of multidetector computed tomography(MDCT) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) tumour nodules and their effect on patient ***:A total of 28 patients(25 male,3 female,mean age 67±10.8 years) with biopsy-proven HCC were investigated with 64-row MDCT(slice 3 mm native,arterial and portal-venous phase,120 mL Iomeprol,4 mL/s,delay by bolus trigger) and MRI(T1fs fl2d TE/ TR 2.72/129 ms,T2tse TE/TR 102/4000 ms,5-phase dynamic contrast-enhanced T1fs fl3d TE/TR 1.56/4.6,Gadolinium-DTPA,slice 4 mm).Consensus reading of both modalities was used as *** nodules were analyzed with respect to number,size,and ***:In total,162 tumour nodules were detected by consensus *** detected signifi cantly more tumour nodules(159 vs 123,P20 *** missed 2 nodules ≤10 mm and 1 nodule ≤15 *** MRI,nodule diameters were greater than on CT(29.2±25.1 mm,range 5-140 mm vs 24.1±22.7 mm,range 4-129 mm,P<0.005).In 2 patients,MDCT showed only unilobar tumour spread,whereas MRI revealed additional nodules in the contralateral *** of these nodules could have changed the therapeutic ***:Contrast-enhanced MRI is superior to 64-row MDCT for the detection of HCC *** should be allocated to interventional or operative treatment according to a dedicated MRI-protocol.

关键词：磁共振成像螺旋CT 肝癌诊断

The development and function of follicular helper T cells in immune responses

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2012年第5期9卷 375-379页

作者： Maogen Chen Zhiyong Guo Weiqiang Ju bernhard Ryffel Xiaoshun He Song Guo Zheng Organ Transplant Center 1st Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina Division of Rheumatology and Immunology Department of MedicineUniversity of2Division of Rheumatology and ImmunologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaKeck School of MedicineLos AngelesCAUSA UMR6218 Molecular ImmunologyUniversity of Orleans and CNRS3b rue de la FerollerieOrleansFrance

Follicular helper T cells （Tfh） have been referred as a lineage that provides a help for B cells to proliferate and undergo antibody affinity maturation in the germinal center. Evidence has supported that Tfh subset development, like other lineages, is dependent on microenvironment where a particular transcriptional program is initiated. It has been shown that Bcl-6 and IL-21 act as master regulators for the development and function of Tfh cells. Tfh dysregulation is involved in the development of autoimmune pathologies, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases. The present review highlights the recent advances in the field of Tfh cells and focus on their development and function.

关键词： autoimmune diseases follicular helper T cells systemic lupus erythematousus

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2007年第3期9卷 299-304页

作者： Raft Henkel Gesa Maaβ Andreas Jung Gerhard Haidl Wolf-bernhard Schill Hans-Christian Schuppe Department of Medical Biosciences University of the Western Cape Bellville 7535 South Africa Centre for Dermatology and Andrology Justus Liebig University 35385 Giessen Germany Department of Dermatology Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University 53105 Bonn Germany

Aim： To investigate age-related inflammatory events in the male genital tract. Methods： In a total of 4 265 randomly collected patients attending the andrological outpatient clinic of the Center for Dermatology and Andrology, University of Giessen, Germany, ejaculate volume, pH-value, sperm concentration, total and progressive sperm motility, concentration of polymorphonuclear （PMN） elastase, number of peroxidase-positive cells and fructose were measured and correlated with patient＇s age. Results： While ejaculate volume, motility and fructose all correlated negatively with age, sperm concentration, PMN elastase and the pH-value showed a positive correlation. The prevalence of male genital tract inflammation （as defined by PMN elastase 〉 250 ng/mL） and its severity increased significantly. PMN elastase did not correlate with sperm motility. Fructose as a marker of seminal vesicle function showed a significant negative relationship with the PMN elastase levels, the number of peroxidase-positive cells and sperm motility. Conclusion： The significant increases of PMN elastase levels as marker of male genital tract inflammation in older men appear to be indicative of age-related changes in local immunoregulatory mechanisms. Because there is no association of PMN elastase with sperm motility, a direct inhibitory effect of this enzyme can be excluded.

关键词： aging men male genital tract inflammation polymorphonuclear elastase leukocytes infertility human semen

Positive effects of tree species richness on fine-root production in a subtropical forest in SE-China

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第1期10卷 146-157页

作者： Zhenkai Sun Xiaojuan Liu bernhard Schmid Helge Bruelheide Wensheng Bu Keping Ma State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences20 NanxincunXiangshanBeijing 100093China College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesNo.19 Yuquan RoadShijingshan DistrictBeijing 100049China Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of ZürichWinterthurerstr.1908057 ZürichSwitzerland Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin Luther University Halle WittenbergAm Kirchtor 106120 HalleGermany German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)Halle-Jena-Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e04103 LeipzigGermany

Aims Fine roots play an important role in the biogeochemical cycles of terrestrial ecosystems and are vital for understanding forest ecosystem functioning and *** plant species diversity has been largely reported to increase aboveground community biomass,but how biodiversity affects fine-root production and the related mechanisms in forests remain *** this study,we aim to answer two questions:(i)does fine-root production increase with tree species richness?(ii)Can this effect be explained by niche complementarity among species?Methods We analyzed data from a large forest biodiversity experiment(BEF-China)with 5-year-old ***-root growth was measured as standing biomass and annual fine-root regrowth was estimated using ingrowth ***,relative yield was calculated to test whether over-or under-yielding occurred when mixtures were compared with the average monoculture of the species included in the *** calculated functional diversity for fine-root(≤2 mm in diameter)traits by Rao’s quadratic entropy index for each species *** effects of manipulated tree species richness and identity on fine-root traits were analyzed with linear mixed-effects *** models were also used to test the relationships between tree species richness and fine-root standing biomass,annual regrowth and vertical *** Findings Fine roots of more than one species were found in half of the soil cores in mixtures indicating that belowground interactions in these young forest stands occurred much earlier than canopy *** found significant differences among species in fine-root traits such as diameter and specific root length(SRL),which suggested different resource-use strategies and niche partitioning among *** fine-root diameter of species ranged from 0.31 to 0.74 mm,mean SRL ranged from 12.43 m·g^(−1)to 70.22 m·g^(−1)and mean vertical distribution indexβranged from 0.68 to *** was a significant positive re

关键词： Biodiversity fine-root biomass fine-root regrowth niche complementarity over-yielding

Does a giant tortoise taxon substitute enhance seed germination of exotic fleshy-fruited plants?

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2013年第1期6卷 57-63页

作者： Annika Waibel Christine J.Griffiths Nicolas Zuel bernhard Schmid Matthias Albrecht Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057 ZurichSwitzerland Mauritian Wildlife Foundation Grannum RoadVacoasMauritius School of Biological Sciences University of BristolWoodland RoadBristol BS81UGUK Present address:Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies Department of Biodiversity and Conservation (‘Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı´ficas-Universitat de les Illes Balears’)Miquel Marques 2107190 EsporlesMallorcaBalearic IslandsSpain

Aims The use of exotic species as taxon substitutes to restore lost ecological interactions is currently hotly *** gigantea giant tortoises have recently been introduced to three islands in the Mascarene archipelago(Ile aux Aigrettes,Round Island and Rodrigues)to resurrect herbivory and seed dispersal functions once performed by extinct giant ***,potential unintended impacts by frugivore substitutes on native ecosystems,*** they will facilitate the germination of exotic plant species,are largely *** investigated whether *** introduced to Rodrigues in 2006 could enhance the germination percentage of four widespread fleshy-fruited exotic species on the *** germination trials to forecast unintended impacts that could arise from the introduction of a frugivorous taxon substitute enables conservation managers to limit potential adverse negative interactions before they *** In germination trials that ran over 4 months,we investigated the effects of ingestion(gut passage and deposition in faeces)by subadult and adult *** on the germination percentage of four exotic fleshy-fruited plant species introduced to *** fed fruits of these plant species to sub-adult and adult *** to test how variation in age and size of the frugivore would affect seed *** of distinctly coloured plastic pellets together with the fruits allowed us to test for individual tortoise effects on seed *** Findings Ingestion by *** increased the percentage of seeds germinating of Mimusops coriacea and Lantana camara,but not percentage of germination of Veitchia merrillii or Wikstroemia *** were more likely to germinate following ingestion by sub-adult rather than adult tortoises,which may be a consequence of the shorter gut passage time observed for *** results demonstrate that introduced frugivorous taxon substitutes could facilitate germination of exot

关键词： ecological analogues exotic species invasion gut passage plant–frugivore interactions seed germination

A dominant insulin-specific and islet-destructive T-cell response is sufficient to activate CD8 T cells directed against the fatty-acid receptor GPR40

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2020年第6期17卷 659-661页

作者： Andreas Spyrantis Jana Krieger Katja Stifter bernhard Otto Boehm Reinhold Schirmbeck Department of Internal Medicine I Ulm University Hospital/Albert Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore Imperial College London LondonUK

Type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1D)is an autoimmune disease that is characterized by a progressive infiltration of autoreactive T cells into the pancreatic islets and the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells.1 It is generally assumed that T1D is initiated by yet unidentified T cells that escape from thymic negative selection2 and trigger an initial destruction of beta cells.3 These initial hits could generate suitable conditions in beta cells and/or in islets that favor the coactivation and amplification of autoreactive T cells directed against a broad spectrum of beta cell-specific antigens,such as GAD65,IGRP,and IA-2.

关键词： GPR40 islet directed

Selection in monoculture vs. mixture alters plant metabolic fingerprints

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第5期8卷 549-557页

作者： Debra Zuppinger-Dingley Dan F.B.Flynn Helmut Brandl bernhard Schmid Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190CH-8057 ZurichSwitzerland The Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University 1300 Centre StreetBostonMA 02131USA

Aims In grassland biodiversity experiments,positive biodiversity effects on primary productivity increase over *** research has shown that differential selection in monoculture and mixed-species communities leads to the rapid emergence of monoculture and mix-ture types,adapted to their own biotic *** used eight plant species selected for 8 years in such a biodiversity experiment to test if monoculture and mixture types differed in metabolic pro-files using infrared *** Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIr)was used to assess metabolic fingerprints of leaf samples of 10 individuals of each species from either monocultures or *** FTIr spectra were analyzed using multivariate procedures to assess(i)whether indi-viduals within species could be correctly assigned to monoculture or mixture history based on the spectra alone and(ii)which parts of the spectra drive the group assignment,*** metabolic groups were subject to differential selection in monocultures *** Findings Plant individuals within each of the eight species could be classified as either from monoculture or mixture selection history based on their FTIr *** metabolic groups were differentially selected in the different species;some of them may be related to defense of patho-gens accumulating more strongly in monocultures than in *** rapid selection of the monoculture and mixture types within the eight study species could have been due to a sorting-out process based on large initial genetic or epigenetic variation within the species.

关键词： biodiversity plant evolution selection FTIr spectroscopy metabolic fingerprint

Diverse plant mixtures sustain a greater arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi spore viability than monocultures after 12 years

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第4期13卷 478-488页

作者： Peter Dietrich Christiane Roscher Adam Thomas Clark Nico Eisenhauer bernhard Schmid Cameron Wagg Institute of Ecology and Evolution Friedrich-Schiller-University JenaDornburger Strasse 15907743 JenaGermany Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057 ZurichSwitzerland Department of Physiological Diversity UFZHelmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchPermoserstrasse 1504318 LeipzigGermany German Centre of Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)Halle-Jena-Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e04103 LeipzigGermany Institute of Biology Leipzig UniversityDeutscher Platz 5e04103 LeipzigGermany Department of Geography University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057 ZurichSwitzerland Fredericton Research and Development Center Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada850 Lincoln RoadFrederictonNew Brunswick E3B 1P9Canada

密集的土地管理可能损害土壤生物多样性,从而危害长期的土壤生产力。丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)通过与植物专一性的共生关系,在促进土壤生产力方面发挥着关键作用。然而,目前尚不清楚植物群落的性质,特别是植物物种丰富度和组成如何影响土壤中AM... 详细信息

密集的土地管理可能损害土壤生物多样性,从而危害长期的土壤生产力。丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)通过与植物专一性的共生关系,在促进土壤生产力方面发挥着关键作用。然而,目前尚不清楚植物群落的性质,特别是植物物种丰富度和组成如何影响土壤中AMF种群的生存能力。本研究中,我们测试了来自不同植物功能类群的8种植物的单一栽培和不同植物的混合种植,是否可以维持更有活力的AMF繁殖体。为了回答这个问题,我们从12年的单种植物和混种植物中提取AMF孢子,并通过因子设计将单株AMF孢子与单株植物配对,并考察与AMF孢子来源和植物物种特性的交互作用。研究结果表明,不同植物混合种植的AMF孢子比单一栽培的AMF孢子更能成功地定植于多种植物和植株个体中。此外,我们还发现,来自不同混合种植的AMF孢子比来自单一栽培的AMF更能显著提高白车轴草(Trifolium repens L.)的生物量。与单一栽培相比,起源于不同植物混合种植的AMF孢子的生存能力和与多种植物相互作用的能力更强。我们的研究结果首次表明,多样的植物群落可以维持土壤中AMF的活力,也证明了多样的植物群落有潜力维持AMF繁殖体的活力对土壤健康和生产力至关重要。

关键词：地上-地下相互作用生物多样性生物量生产互惠共生植物-丛枝菌根真菌相互作用根系定植

Removing subordinate species in a biodiversity experiment to mimic observational field studies

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Grassland Research 2022年第1期1卷 53-62页

作者： bernhard Schmid Martin Schmitz Michael Rzanny Michael Scherer-Lorenzen Peter N.Mwangi Wolfgang W.Weisser Andrew Hector Roland Schmid Dan F.B.Flynn Remote Sensing Laboratories Department of GeographyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland Department of Planning and Energy Municipality of ThalwilThalwilSwitzerland Department Biogeochemical Integration Max Planck Institute for BiogeochemistryJenaGermany Geobotany Faculty of BiologyUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany Department of Botany Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya Department of Life Science Systems School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany Department of Plant Sciences University of OxfordOxfordUK Mirai Solutions GmbH ZurichSwitzerland Energy Analysis&Sustainability John A.Volpe National Transportation Systems CenterCambridgeMassachusettsUSA

Background:Positive effects of plant species richness on community biomass in biodiversity experiments are often stronger than those from observational field *** may be because experiments are initiated with randomly assembled species compositions whereas field communities have experienced ***:We compared aboveground biomass production of randomly assembled communities of 2–16 species(controls)with experimentally filtered communities from which subordinate species were removed,resulting in removal communities of 1–8 ***:Removal communities had(1)12.6%higher biomass than control communities from which they were derived,that is,with double species richness and(2)32.0%higher biomass than control communities of equal *** differences were maintained along the richness *** increased productivity of removal communities was paralleled by increased species evenness and ***:Result(1)indicates that subordinate species can reduce community biomass production,suggesting a possible explanation for why the most diverse field communities sometimes do not have the highest ***(2)suggests that if a community of S species has been derived by filtering from a pool of 2S randomly chosen species it is more productive than a community derived from a pool of S randomly chosen species without filtering.

关键词： environmental filtering Jena Experiment plant community species pool species richness