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Wheat Ear Segmentation Based on a Multisensor System and Superpixel Classification

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Plant Phenomics 2022年第1期4卷 409-418页

作者： Alexis Carlier Sebastien Dandrifosse benjamin Dumont Benoit Mercatoris Biosystems Dynamics and Exchanges TERRA Teaching and Research CentreGembloux Agro-Bio TechUniversity of Liège5030 GemblouxBelgium Plant Sciences TERRA Teaching and Research CentreGembloux Agro-Bio TechUniversity of Liège5030 GemblouxBelgium

The automatic segmentation of ears in wheat canopy images is an important step to measure ear density or extract relevant plant traits separately for the different *** deep learning algorithms appear as promising tools to accurately detect ears in a wide diversity of ***,they remain complicated to implement and necessitate a huge training *** paper is aimed at proposing an easy and quick to train and robust alternative to segment wheat ears from heading to maturity growth stage.

关键词： Wheat heading maturity

Cluster Analysis for IR and NIR Spectroscopy: Current Practices to Future Perspectives

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第11期69卷 1945-1965页

作者： Simon Crase benjamin Hall Suresh N.Thennadil College of Engineering IT&EnvironmentCharles Darwin UniversityCasuarinaNT 0810Australia Defence Science and Technology Group Edinburgh5111Australia Energy and Resources Institute Charles Darwin UniversityCasuarinaNT 0810Australia

Supervised machine learning techniques have become well established in the study of spectroscopy ***,the unsupervised learning technique of cluster analysis hasn’t reached the same level maturity in chemometric *** paper surveys recent studies which apply cluster analysis to NIR and IR spectroscopy *** addition,we summarize the current practices in cluster analysis of spectroscopy and contrast these with cluster analysis literature from the machine learning and pattern recognition *** includes practices in data pre-processing,feature extraction,clustering distance metrics,clustering algorithms and validation *** consideration is given to the specific characteristics of IR and NIR spectroscopy data which typically includes high dimensionality and relatively low sample *** findings highlighted a lack of quantitative analysis and evaluation in current practices for cluster analysis of IR and NIR spectroscopy *** this in mind,we propose an analysis model or workflow with techniques specifically suited for cluster analysis of IR and NIR spectroscopy data along with a pragmatic application strategy.

关键词： Chemometrics cluster analysis Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy machine learning near infrared spectroscopy unsupervised learning

Central monoaminergic systems are a site of convergence of signals conveying the experience of exercise to brain circuits involved in cognition and emotional behavior

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Current Zoology 2016年第3期62卷 293-306页

作者： Toni M. NICASTRO benjamin N. GREENWOOD Department of Psychology University of Colorado Denver CO 80217-3364 USA

Physical activity can enhance cognitive function and increase resistance against deleterious effects of stress on mental health. Enhanced cognitive function and stress resistance produced by exercise are conserved among vertebrates, suggesting that ubiquitous mechanisms may underlie beneficial ef- fects of exercise. In the current review, we summarize the beneficial effects of exercise on cognitive function and stress resistance and discuss central and peripheral signaling factors that may be critical for conferring the effects of physical activity to brain circuits involved in cognitive function and stress. Additionally, it is suggested that norepinephrine and serotonin, highly conserved monoamines that are sensitive to exercise and able to modulate behavior in multiple species, could represent a conver- gence between peripheral and central exercise signals that mediate the beneficial effects of exercise. Finally, we offer the novel hypothesis that thermoregulation during exercise could contribute to the emotional effects of exercise by activating a subset of temperature-sensitive serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus that convey anxiolytic and stress-protective signals to forebrain regions. Throughout the review, we discuss limitations to current approaches and offer strategies for future re- search in exercise neuroscience.

关键词： anxiety norepinephrine physical activity serotonin wheel running.

Benefits for the bunker industry in adopting blockchain technology for dispute resolution

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2023年第2期4卷 101-112页

作者： Daniel Adam Dante benjamin Matellini Anna Kaparaki Liverpool John Moores University James Parsons BuildingByrom StreetLiverpool L33AFUK

he bunker industry has faced negative perception to their trust and credibility in recent *** is further compounded by the need for the industry to answer new challenges to meet the requirement of the International Maritime Organization *** aim of this work is to illustrate how blockchain technology may be adopted for aiding in bunker dispute *** demonstrate how blockchain may aid in disputes within the bunker industry,this paper first examines the existing bunker supply process,which involves the formation of contracts under English law,the Bunker Delivery Notes,the different types of disputes that may arise during a bunker transaction and the methods of dispute resolution utilised by the ***,the current literature in relation to blockchain technology and blockchain smart contracts is ***,interviews and surveys within the industry have been conducted to identify the benefits and challenges in adopting blockchain *** research found that blockchains may benefit the bunker supply chain offering the effective resolution of bunker quality ***,blockchains may also serve as a verification tool for electronic bunker delivery notes,which may aid quality and quantity bunker disputes as well as compliance with the new International Maritime Organisation 2020 *** a result,despite the research having shown blockchain to be situationally dependent and having an element of legal uncertainty,blockchain does offer a solution to aid in bunker disputes and for improving the trust and credibility within the bunker industry.

关键词： Bunker industry Bunker supply contracts Dispute resolution Blockchain smart contracts Electronic bunker delivery notes

A Critique of Nigerian Federalism and Need for Restructuring Towards Achieving Vision 2030

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2021年第2期14卷 265-284页

作者： Uwomano benjamin Okpevra Department of History and International Studies Delta State UniversityAbrakaNigeria

This paper underscores a critique of Nigeria's choice of a federal option,the current state of which has led to the incessant clamour,across the nation for *** in Nigeria since 1960 was adopted to accommodate the nation^heterogeneous culture with the sole aim of maintaining unity in *** dysfunctional system has been observed to be the main bane of Nigeria underdevelopment,instability,and absence of good governance all of which can negatively affect the achievement of a sustainable national development plan like the Vision *** paper argues that Nigeria is yet to evolve a truly federal system capable of taking care of its numerous *** from a historical perspective,the paper uncovers that there are logical inconsistencies in Nigeria’s practice of *** gets here is a hidden unitary *** call for restructuring is in a general sense borne out of some apparent degrees of foul play and disparity presently perceived by the part units emerging from defective *** in the above is that the necessary ingredients of sustainable democracy and governance are completely lacking in ***,if the proposed Vision 2030 or any other national development plan is to be accomplished,there has to be a restructuring of the dysfunctional political system;a restructuring that devolves power to the federating units leaving the federal government with vital aspects like defence,foreign affairs among others;a return to the regional arrangement of the past.

关键词： Nigeria Federalism A critique Restructuring Vision 2030

Immunobiology and immunotherapy of HCC:spotlight on innate and innate-like immune cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第1期18卷 112-127页

作者： benjamin Ruf Bernd Heinrich Tim F.Greten Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies BranchCentre for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD 20892USA NCI CCR Liver Cancer Program National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD 20892USA

Immune-based therapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized the systemic treatment of various cancer *** therapeutic application of monoclonal antibodies targeting inhibitory pathways such as programmed cell death-1(PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1)and CTLA-4 to cells of the adaptive immune system has recently been shown to generate meaningful improvement in the clinical outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Nevertheless,current immunotherapeutic approaches induce durable responses in only a subset of HCC *** immunologic mechanisms such as chronic inflammation due to chronic viral hepatitis or alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease play a crucial role in the initiation,development,and progression of HCC,it is important to understand the underlying mechanisms shaping the unique tumor microenvironment of liver *** liver is an immunologic organ with large populations of innate and innate-like immune cells and is exposed to bacterial,viral,and fungal antigens through the gut-liver ***,we summarize and highlight the role of these cells in liver cancer and propose strategies to therapeutically target *** also discuss current immunotherapeutic strategies in HCC and outline recent advances in our understanding of how the therapeutic potential of these agents might be enhanced.

关键词： HCC immunotherapy innate immunity tumor microenvironment

Feature Selection for Cluster Analysis in Spectroscopy

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第5期71卷 2435-2458页

作者： Simon Crase benjamin Hall Suresh N.Thennadil College of Engineering IT&EnvironmentCharles Darwin UniversityCasuarinaNT 0909Australia Defence Science and Technology Group Edinburgh5111Australia Energy and Resources Institute Charles Darwin UniversityCasuarinaNT 0909Australia

Cluster analysis in spectroscopy presents some unique challenges due to the specific data characteristics in spectroscopy,namely,high dimensionality and small sample *** order to improve cluster analysis outcomes,feature selection can be used to remove redundant or irrelevant features and reduce the ***,for cluster analysis,this must be done in an unsupervised manner without the benefit of data *** paper presents a novel feature selection approach for cluster analysis,utilizing clusterability metrics to remove features that least contribute to a dataset’s tendency to *** versions are presented and evaluated:The Hopkins clusterability filter which utilizes the Hopkins test for spatial randomness and the Dip clusterability filter which utilizes the Dip test for *** new techniques,along with a range of existing filter and wrapper feature selection techniques were evaluated on eleven real-world spectroscopy datasets using internal and external clustering *** newly proposed Hopkins clusterability filter performed the best of the six filter techniques ***,it was observed that results varied greatly for different techniques depending on the specifics of the dataset and the number of features selected,with significant instability observed for most techniques at low numbers of *** was identified that the genetic algorithm wrapper technique avoided this instability,performed consistently across all datasets and resulted in better results on average than utilizing the all the features in the spectra.

关键词： Cluster analysis spectroscopy unsupervised learning feature selection wavenumber selection

Egg CD9 protein tides correlated with sperm oscillations tune the gamete fusion ability in mammal

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2018年第6期10卷 494-502页

作者： benjamin Ravaux Sophie Favier Eric Perez and Christine Gourier Laboratoire de Physique Statistique Ecole Normale Superieure/PSL Research UniversityUPMC Univ Paris 06Universite Paris DiderotCNRS75005 ParisFrance

Mammalian fertilization involves membrane events-adhesion,fusion,sperm engulfment,membrane block to polyspermy-whose causes remain largely ***,specific oscillations of the sperm in contact with the egg were shown to be necessary for *** a microfluidic chip to impose the venue for the encounter of two gametes allowed real-time observation of the membrane remodelling occurring at the sperm/egg *** spatiotemporal mapping of egg CD9 revealed that this protein concentrates at the egg/sperm interface as a result of sperm oscillations,until a CDg-rich platform is nucleated on which fusion immediately takes *** 2-5 min after fusion,most of the CD9 leaves the egg for the external aqueous *** an egg membrane wave engulfs the sperm head in^25 *** results show that sperm oscillations initiate the CD9 recruitment that causes gamete fusion after which CD9 and associated proteins leave the membrane in a process likely to contribute to block *** highlight that the gamete fusion story in mammals is an unexpected interplay between mechanical constraints and proteins.

关键词： mammalian fertilization membrane dynamics real-time imaging CDg sperm oscillations gamete fusion

Optimal heat release shaping in a reactivity controlled compression ignition （RCCI） engine

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Control Theory and Technology 2017年第2期15卷 117-128页

作者： Carlos GUARDIOLA benjamin PLA Antonio GARCiA Vicente BORONAT CMT-Motores Termicos Universitat Politecnica de Valencia Valencia Spain

The present paper addresses the optimal heat release （HR） law in a single cylinder engine operated under reactivity controlled compression ignition （RCCl） combustion mode to minimise the indicated specific fuel consumption （ISFC） subject to different constraints including pressure related limits （maximum cylinder pressure and maximum cylinder pressure gradient）. With this aim, a 0-dimensional （OD） engine combustion model has been identified with experimental data. Then, the optimal control problem of minimising the ISFC of the engine at different operating conditions of the engine operating map has been stated and analytically solved. To evaluate the method viability a data-driven model is developed to obtain the control actions （gasoline fraction） leading to the calculated optimal HR, more precisely to the optimal ratio between premixed and diffusive combustion. The experimental results obtained with such controls and the differences with the optimal HR are finally explained and discussed.

关键词： Diesel engine RCCI combustion analysis optimal control