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Primary and Secondary Microplastic and Nanoplastic Regulations: Perspectives on Water Industry Impacts

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journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第6期15卷 697-715页

作者： Shirin Estahbanati giridhar Upadhyaya Martha j. M. Wells Katherine Y. bell Brown and Caldwell New York NY USA Brown and Caldwell Irvine CA USA EnviroChem Services Cookeville TN USA Brown and Caldwell Nashville TN USA

Plastic pollution, both primary and secondary, is an environmental challenge, prompting regulatory actions at global and regional levels. With increasing research about the impacts of micro- and nanoplastics on ecosystems and human health, governments worldwide have undertaken efforts to address this issue. The global community has advanced regulatory efforts that have led to the implementation of national laws or regulations in numerous countries. These measures ban or restrict the use of primary and secondary microplastics and nanoplastics. An overview of global and European regulatory frameworks is presented to provide context for the United States (US). In the endeavor to document plastics regulation development in the US, a description of regulatory agencies and their roles in advancing policy and rules as well as future direction and areas for improvement in regulating plastics are introduced. A discussion of what emerging regulations mean to utilities and industries is also provided along with a comparison of regulatory frameworks.

关键词： Microplastic Regulation Environmental governance Plastic Pollution Mitigation Regulatory Framework

Associations between health-related fitness and patient-reported symptoms in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第6期13卷 851-862页

作者： Ki-Yong An Fernanda Z.Arthuso Myriam Filion Spencer j.Allen Stephanie M.Ntoukas gordon j.bell jessica McNeil Qinggang Wang Margaret L.McNeely jeff K.Vallance Lin Yang S.Nicole Culos-Reed Leanne Dickau john R.Mackey Christine M.Friedenreich Kerry S.Courneya Faculty of Kinesiology Sportand RecreationCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 2H9Canada Department of Kinesiology School of Health and Human SciencesUniversity of North Carolina at GreensboroGreensboroNC 27412USA Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research Cancer Care AlbertaAlberta Health ServicesCalgary T2S 3C3Canada Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine University of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 2H9Canada Faculty of Health Disciplines Athabasca UniversityAthabasca T9S 3A3Canada Department of Oncology Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgary T2N 4N1Canada Faculty of Kinesiology University of CalgaryCalgary T2N 1N4Canada Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 2H9Canada

Background:Newly diagnosed breast cancer patients experience symptoms that may affect their quality of life,treatment outcomes,and *** and managing breast cancer-related symptoms soon after diagnosis is *** purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between health-related fitness(HRF)and patient-reported symptoms in newly diagnosed breast cancer ***:This study utilized baseline data from the Alberta Moving Beyond Breast Cancer Cohort Study that were collected within 90 days of *** measures included peak cardiopulmonary fitness(peak volume of oxygen consumption(VO_(2peak))),maximal muscular strength and endurance,flexibility,and body *** measures included depression,sleep quality,and *** multivariable logistic regression was performed for ***:Of 1458 participants,51.5%reported poor sleep quality,26.5%reported significant fatigue,and 10.4%reported moderate *** multivariable-adjusted models,lower relative VO_(2peak)was independently associated with a greater likelihood of all symptom measures,including moderate depression(pgnificant fatigue(p=0.008),any symptom(pghest *** strength of the threshold associations varied by the symptom measure with odds ratios ranging from-1.5 for poor sleep quality to-3.0 for moderate depression and multiple ***,lower relative upper body muscular endurance was also independently associated with fatigue in a dose-response manner(p=0.001),and higher body weight was independently associated with poor sleep quality in an inverted U pattern(p=0.021).Conclusion:Relative VO_(2peak)appears to be a critical HRF component associated with multiple patient-reported symptoms in newly diag

关键词： Breast cancer Fatigue Depression Sleep quality Cardiorespiratory fitness

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领导为何不公?领导不公行为的形成机理

中国人力资源开发 2024年第1期41卷 112-124页

作者：陈思璇张春红段光卫旭华 Chris M.bell 南京理工大学经济管理学院南京210094 兰州大学管理学院兰州730000 湖南师范大学商学院长沙410081 约克大学舒立克商学院多伦多M3J1P3

领导不公行为是领导者违背公平准则的行为表现,对员工心理及行为的影响不容忽视。已有组织公平的研究广泛证实了领导不公行为对组织所造成的严重后果,但对领导不公行为的前因缺乏系统性的认知。为了全面系统地呈现领导不公行为形成的内... 详细信息

领导不公行为是领导者违背公平准则的行为表现,对员工心理及行为的影响不容忽视。已有组织公平的研究广泛证实了领导不公行为对组织所造成的严重后果,但对领导不公行为的前因缺乏系统性的认知。为了全面系统地呈现领导不公行为形成的内在逻辑,通过对相关文献的梳理,本文阐述了领导不公行为的内涵,对领导不公行为的相似构念进行了辨析,从道德正义理论、社会交换理论、态度功能理论、攻击性社会交互理论、自我损耗理论、自我概念维持理论的视角回顾了领导不公行为形成的理论解释,将领导不公行为归纳为不知而为的无意识不公以及知之而为的有意识不公两种基本模式。最后,从权威的视角切入,基于信息加工理论描述了领导者做出不公行为的信息加工过程,从自动化加工和系统化加工两方面详细讨论了领导不公行为的差异化形成机理,发展了一个形成机理模型。研究有助于推动领导不公行为的理论构建,为管理者做出有效的管理策略来减少领导不公行为提供实践启示。

关键词：领导不公行为信息加工理论组织公平

复发性卵巢粒层细胞瘤的激素疗法:病例报道及文献回顾

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（妇产科学分册） 2005年第7期1卷 47-47页

作者： Hardy R.D. bell j.g. Nicely C.j. Reid g.C. 侯巍 C/o Research Department Riverside Methodist Hospital 3535 Olentangy River Road Columbus OH 43214 United States

Background. granulosa cell tumors of the ovary are rare, primarily treated surgically. In advanced or recurrent disease, data are inconclusive regarding the benefit of either primary or adjuvant chemotherapy. Hormonal therapy has been suggested as an alternative treatment. Case. Our patient had three recurrences of estrogen receptor negative and progesterone receptor positive gCT, the first two treated by surgery with or without adjuvant chemotherapy. For the third recurrence, the patient received alternating biweekly cycles of megestrol and tamoxifen. Computed tomography showed stable disease at 6 months, partial response at 18 months, and complete response at 22 months. The patient continues on hormonal therapy and has been disease- free for 5 years. Conclusion. This study and others suggest that hormonal therapy may provide another option for treating these relatively rare tumors.

关键词：卵巢粒层细胞瘤激素疗法文献回顾雌激素受体甲地孕酮辅助化疗化疗疗效孕酮受体无瘤存活他莫西芬

连续长期口服托泊替康及依托泊甙作为二线治疗卵巢或腹腔恶性肿瘤的Ⅰ期妇科肿瘤分组研究

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（妇产科学分册） 2006年第12期2卷 52-52页

作者： Rose P.g. Markman M. bell j.g. Fusco N.L. 李欢 Division of gynecologic Oncology Case Western Reserve UniversityUnited States

Objective.:Preclinical models suggest synergy when topoisomerase I and II inhibitors are given sequentially,but not simultaneously. A phase I study was conducted in previously treated ovarian or peritoneal carcinoma to determine the tolerability (maximum number of days) of sequential oral topotecan and oral etoposide. Methods.:Topotecan (0.8 mg/m2) was administered daily (days 1-5) followed by etoposide (50mg/m2) administered daily for up to 5 days (days 8-12). Patients on dose levels 3 and 4 repeated topotecan for up to 5 days starting on day 15 after the initial topotecan and etoposide sequence. Cycles were repeated every 28 days. Dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) were defined as:neutrophils g administration of etoposide or topotecan; neutropenic fever; platelets greater than 2 weeks in starting cycle 2 due to hematologic toxicity (ANC ge 1-10) of therapy were administered. Dose-limiting toxicities,principally neutropenia,occurred when therapy was administered for 3 of 4 weeks. Conclusion.:Oral topotecan and oral etoposide administered at these doses daily for 5 days sequentially for a maximum of three (out of every four) weeks of therapy are tolerable. In some cases,itmay be necessary to hold therapy the thirdweek. Based on the activity seen in this patient population,it is planned to take this regimen into a phase II setting.

关键词：托泊替康二线治疗妇科肿瘤依托泊甙剂量限制性毒性血液学毒性剂量水平拓扑异构酶Ⅰ 临床前

nNPipe: a neural network pipeline for automated analysis of morphologically diverse catalyst systems

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 2176-2187页

作者： Kevin P.Treder Chen Huang Cameron g.bell Thomas j.A.Slater Manfred E.Schuster DoğanÖzkaya judy S.Kim Angus I.Kirkland Department of Materials University of OxfordParks RoadOX13PH OxfordOxfordshireUnited Kingdom Rosalind Franklin Institute Harwell Research CampusOX110FA DidcotOxfordshireUnited Kingdom School of Chemistry The University of EdinburghEH93FJ EdinburghUnited Kingdom School of Chemistry Cardiff UniversityPark PlaceCF103AT CardiffUnited Kingdom Electron Physical Sciences Imaging Centre Diamond Light SourceOxfordshire OX110DEUnited Kingdom johnson Matthey Technology Centre Blount’s CourtSonning CommonReading RG49NHUnited Kingdom

We describe nNPipe for the automated analysis of morphologically diverse catalyst materials. Automated imaging routines anddirect-electron detectors have enabled the collection of large data stacks over a wide range of sample positions at high temporalresolution. Simultaneously, traditional image analysis approaches are slow and hence unsuitable for large data stacks andconsequently, researchers have progressively turned towards machine learning and deep learning approaches. Previous studiesoften detail work on morphologically uniform material systems with clearly discernible features, limited workable image sizes andtraining data that may be biased due to manual labelling. The nNPipe data-processing method consists of two standaloneconvolutional neural networks that were exclusively trained on multislice image simulations and enables fast analysis of2048 × 2048 pixel images. Inference performance compared between idealised and real industrial catalytic samples and insightsderived from subsequent data analysis are placed into the context of an automated imaging scenario.

关键词： catalyst hence subsequent

Insensitivity of a turbulent laser-plasma dynamo to initial conditions

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2022年第4期7卷 50-64页

作者： A.F.A.Bott L.Chen P.Tzeferacos C.A.j.Palmer A.R.bell R.Bingham A.Birkel D.H.Froula j.Katz M.W.Kunz C.-K.Li H-S.Park R.Petrasso j.S.Ross B.Reville D.Ryu F.H.Séguin T.g.White A.A.Schekochihin D.Q.Lamb g.gregori Department of Physics University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom Department of Astrophysical Sciences University of PrincetonPrincetonNew Jersey 08544USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of RochesterRochesterNew York 14627USA Laboratory for Laser Energetics University of RochesterRochesterNew York 14623USA School of Mathematics and Physics Queens University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom Rutherford Appleton Laboratory ChiltonDidcotUnited Kingdom Department of Physics University of StrathclydeGlasgowUnited Kingdom Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMassachusetts 02139USA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCalifornia 94550USA Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik HeidelbergGermany Department of Physics School of Natural SciencesUNISTUlsanSouth Korea Department of Physics University of NevadaRenoNevada 89557USA Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of ChicagoChicagoIllinois 60637USA

It has recently been demonstrated experimentally that a turbulent plasma created by the collision of two inhomogeneous,asymmetric,weakly magnetized,laser-produced plasma jets can generate strong stochastic magnetic fields via the small-scale turbulent dynamo mechanism,provided the magnetic Reynolds number of the plasma is sufficiently *** this paper,we compare such a plasma with one arising from two pre-magnetized plasma jets whose creation is identical save for the addition of a strong external magnetic field imposed by a pulsed magnetic field *** investigate the differences between the two turbulent systems using a Thomson-scattering diagnostic,x-ray selfemission imaging,and proton *** Thomson-scattering spectra and x-ray images suggest that the external magnetic field has a limited effect on the plasma dynamics in the *** the external magnetic field induces collimation of the flows in the colliding plasma jets and although the initial strengths of the magnetic fields arising from the interaction between the colliding jets are significantly larger as a result of the external field,the energies and morphologies of the stochastic magnetic fields post-amplification are *** conclude that,for turbulent laser-plasmas with supercritical magnetic Reynolds numbers,the dynamo-amplified magnetic fields are determined by the turbulent dynamics rather than the seed fields or modest changes in the initial flow dynamics of the plasma,a finding consistent with theoretical expectations and simulations of turbulent dynamos.

关键词： turbulent initial stochastic

Requirements for the transfer of lead-free piezoceramics into application

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journal of Materiomics 2018年第1期4卷 13-26页

作者： jurij Koruza Andrew j.bell Till Fromling Kyle g.Webber Ke Wang jürgen Rodel Institute of Materials Science Technische Universit€at DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Str.264287 DarmstadtGermany Institute for Materials Research School of Chemical and Process EngineeringUniversity of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK Department of Materials Science and Engineering Friedrich-Alexander-Universit€at Erlangen-NürnbergMartensstr.591058 ErlangenGermany State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua University100084 BeijingChina

The recent review for the Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive(RoHS)by the expert committee,appointed by the European Union,stated that the replacement of PZT“…may be scientifically and technologically practical to a certain degree…”,although replacement“…is scientifically and technically still impractical in the majority of applications.”Thus,two decades of sustained research and development may be approaching fruition,at first limited to a minority of ***,it is of paramount importance to assess the viability of lead-free piezoceramics over a broad range of application-relevant *** are identified and discussed in turn:***,***,*** and Thermal Properties,*** Conductivity,and *** is suggested that the worldwide efforts into the development of lead-free piezoceramics now require a broader perspective to bring the work to the next stage of development by supporting implementation into real *** about pertinent research requirements into a wide range of secondary properties,measurement techniques,and salient literature are provided.

关键词： Piezoceramics Ferroelectrics Lead-free Application Actuators Sensors

gestational heat stress alters skeletal muscle gene expression profiles and vascularity in fetal pigs in a sexually dimorphic manner

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第6期13卷 1785-1798页

作者： Weicheng Zhao Mark P.green Christina D.Marth Fan Liu Hieu H.Le gordon S.Lynch Alan W.bell Brian j.Leury Frank R.Dunshea jeremy j.Cottrell School of Agriculture and Food Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia School of BioSciences Faculty of ScienceThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia Melbourne Veterinary School Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesThe University of MelbourneWerribeeVIC 3030Australia Rivalea Australia Pty Ltd CorowaNSW 2646Australia Centre for Muscle Research Department of Anatomy and PhysiologyThe University of MelbourneParkville 3010Australia Department of Animal Science Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853-4801USA Faculty of Biological Sciences The University of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK

Background: There is evidence that sow heat stress(HS) during gestation affects fetal development with implications for impaired muscle growth. We have previously demonstrated that maternal HS during early to midgestation compromised muscle fibre hyperplasia in developing fetal pigs. Thus, we hypothesised these phenotypic changes are associated with a change in expression of genes regulating fetal skeletal muscle development and metabolism. To test this, at d 60 of gestation, RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry were performed on fetal longissimus dorsi(LD) muscle biopsies collected from pregnant gilts that had experienced either thermoneutral control(CON, 20 ℃, n = 7 gilts, 18 LD samples) or controlled HS(cyclic 28 to 33 ℃, n = 8 gilts, 23 LD samples)conditions for 3 ***: A total of 282 genes were differentially expressed between the HS and CON groups in female LD muscles(false discovery rate(FDR) ≤ 0.05), whereas no differentially expressed genes were detected in male LD muscles between the two groups(FDR > 0.05). gestational HS increased the expression of genes associated with transcription corepressor activity, adipogenesis cascades, negative regulation of angiogenesis and pro-inflammatory signalling in female LD muscles. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed a decreased muscle vascularity density in fetuses from HS group for both sexes compared to those from the CON group(P = 0.004).Conclusions: These results reveal gilt HS during early to mid-gestation altered gene expression profiles in fetal LD muscles in a sexually dimorphic manner. The molecular responses, including transcription and angiogenesis repressions and enhanced adipogenesis cascades, were exclusively observed in females. However, the associated reductions in muscle vascularity were observed independently of sexes. Collectively this may indicate female fetal pigs are more adaptive to gestational HS in terms of gene expression changes, and/or there may be sexually dimorphic differences

关键词： Adipogenesis Angiogenesis Fetal pig gestation Heat stress Sexual dimorphism Skeletal muscle Sows