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Flower Farms Environmental Performance Evaluation in Ethiopia

Journal of Environmental & Earth Sciences 2021年第1期3卷 48-58页

作者： Tafesse Hawera belay tefera Omprakash Sahu Department of Chemical Engineering KiOT Wollo UniversityEthiopia Department of Chemical and Food Engineering BiTBahir Dar UniversityEthiopia Department of Chemical Engineering UIEChandigarh UniversityMohaliIndia

Cultivation of cut flowers is a new agricultural sector in Ethiopia,which currently generates a high amount of income for the country's develop*** its significant contribution to economic developments;many issues were raised from communities and environmentalists concerning its environmental *** on this issue the study assesses cradle to gate of cut flower production in the Wolmera *** main objective of the study was environmental performance evaluation of flower farms in Wolmera district,Oromia regional state,Ethiopia related to operational activities throughout entire life cycles of cut flower pro*** this study,primary and secondary data were collected using ISO 14031 standard structured with LCA tool *** were collected by inventory using an on-site data collection system from its *** on data collected GHG(CO2,N2O,CH4&NH3)emissions to the atmosphere were evaluated by using an inter-governmental panel on climatic changes(IPCC 2006)for inventory data and eutrophication&acidification estimated from data tested at laboratory ***,the study also assesses banned chemicals used in the farms through inventory data assessment,and about 156 chemicals applied in the farms were collected to screen out those banned chemicals used and the two most extremely hazardous chemicals(Impulse&Meltatix)banned by WHO identified in the *** it understood from a general assessment of all flower farms;all of them haven't EIA document established before construction in the district and production started with having less attention for EHPEA code of conducts in the flower farms which faces the environments for high impacts by emission emitted from flower farms in the district as a whole.

关键词： Resources used ISO 14031 and LCA Operational performances EPE Emission

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Characteristics of soil quality attributes under different agroecosystems and its implications for agriculture in the Choke Mountain watershed in Ethiopia

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第2期11卷 303-313页

作者： Demeku MESFIN Engdawork ASSEFA belay SIMANE College of Development Studies Center for Environment and DevelopmentAddis Ababa UniversityAddis Ababa 1000Ethiopia College of Social Science and Humanities Department of Geography and Environmental StudiesWolaita Sodo UniversityWolaita Sodo 4620Ethiopia

Awareness of how soil properties vary over agroecosystems(AES) is essential for understanding soil potentials and improving site-specific agricultural management strategies for a sustainable ecosystem. This study examined the characteristics of soil quality attributes and implications for agriculture in the Choke Mountain watershed in Ethiopia. Forty-seven composite soil samples(0–20 cm deep) were collected from lowland and valley fragmented(AES 1),midland plain with black soil(AES 2), midland plain with brown soil(AES 3),sloppy midland land(AES 4), and hilly and mountainous highlands(AES 5).Ten of 15 soil quality properties were significant(P < 0.05 or 0.01), including silt, exchangeable bases, cation exchange capacity, percent base saturation,p H, organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphorous(P) across the five AES. However, all properties were variable with coefficients of variation from 7%(total porosity) to 169%(available P) across the AES. Although AES 2and 3 are affected by waterlogging and acidity, these two have better prospects for agriculture, but AES 1, 4, and 5 are unsuitable for agriculture because of soil erosion. Therefore, appropriate and applicable soil management strategies, particularly lime application and organic fertilizer, are fundamental to reversing soil acidity and improving soil fertility.

关键词： Agroecosystem Choke Mountain watershed coefficients of variation Ethiopia soil quality indicator

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Chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Eastern Ethiopia:Clinical characteristics and determinants of cirrhosis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第7期16卷 995-1008页

作者： Nejib Y Ismael Semir A Usmael Nega B belay Hailemichael Desalegn Mekonen Asgeir Johannessen Stian MS Orlien Haramaya University College of Health and Medical SciencesHarar 252Ethiopia Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology Addis Ababa UniversityAddis Ababa 1000Ethiopia Regional Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases Oslo University HospitalOslo 0450UllevålNorway Internal Medicine Gastroenterology and Hepatology UnitSaint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical CollegeAddis Ababa 1000Ethiopia Department of Infectious Disease Vestfold Hospital TrustTønsberg 3103Norway Institute of Clinical Medicine Oslo UniversityOslo 0318Norway Department of PediatricsOslo UniversityOslo 0450UllevålNorway

BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis B(CHB)virus infection is a major cause of liver-associated morbidity and mortality,particularly in low-income countries.A better understanding of the epidemiological,clinical,and virological characteristics of CHB will guide appropriate treatment strategies and improve the control and management of CHB in *** To investigate the characteristics of CHB in Eastern Ethiopia and assess the efficacy and safety of antiviral *** This cohort study included 193 adults who were human immunodeficiency virus-negative with CHB between June 2016 and December *** assessments included chemistry,serologic,and viral markers.χ^(2) tests,Mann-Whitney U tests,and logistic regression analyses were used to identify the determinants of *** disoproxil fumarate(TDF)was initiated using treatment criteria from the Ethiopian CHB pilot *** A total of 132 patients(68.4%)were men,with a median age of 30 years[interquartile range(IQR):24-38].At enrollment,60(31.1%)patients had cirrhosis,of whom 35(58.3%)had decompensated *** use,hepatitis B envelope antigen positivity,and a high viral load were independently associated with ***,66 patients(33.4%)fulfilled the treatment criteria and 59(30.6%)started *** 29 patients who completed 24 months of treatment,the median aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index declined from 1.54(IQR:0.66-2.91)to 1.10(IQR:0.75-2.53)(P=0.002),and viral suppression was achieved in 80.9%and 100%of patients after 12 months and 24 months of treatment,*** the treated patients,12(20.3%)died within the first 6 months of treatment,of whom 8 had decompensated *** This study highlights the high prevalence of cirrhosis,initial mortality,and the efficacy of TDF *** up measures to prevent and control CHB infections in Ethiopia is crucial.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis B Cirrhosis Cohort study Resource-limited settings Sub-Saharan Africa

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Effects of dynamo magnetic fields on observational properties of accreting millisecond X-ray pulsars

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2021年第1期21卷 229-237页

作者： Dugasa belay Zeleke Solomon belay Tessema Seblu Humne Negu Ehtiopian Space Science and Technology Institute(ESSTI)Entoto Observatory and Research Center(EORC) Astronomy and Astrophysics Research and Development DepartmentP.O.Box 33679 Addis AbabaEthiopia

In this paper,we have investigated accreting millisecond X-ray pulsars,which are rapidly rotating neutron stars in low-mass X-ray *** systems exhibit coherent X-ray pulsations that arise when the accretion flow is magnetically channeled to the stellar ***,we have developed the fundamental equations for an accretion disk around accreting millisecond X-ray pulsars in the presence of a dynamo generated magnetic field in the inner part of the *** have also formulated the numerical method for the structure equations in the inner region of the disk and the highest accretion rate is enough to form the inner region of the disk,which is overpowered by radiation pressure and electron ***,we have examined our results with the effects of dynamo magnetic fields on accreting millisecond X-ray pulsars.

关键词： Accretion disk neutron stars,pulsars millisecond X-ray pulsars

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Farmers’perception of climate change and adaptation strategies in the Dabus watershed,North-West Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 65-77页

作者： Paulos Asrat belay Simane College of Development Studies Center for Environment and Development StudiesAddis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia

Introduction:This study is aimed at analyzing farmers’perception and adaptation to climate change in the Dabus *** is based on analysis of data collected from 734 randomly selected farm household heads substantiated with Focus Group Discussions and field ***:The study employed descriptive methods to assess farmers’perception of climate change,local indicators of climate change and types of adaptation measures exercised to cope up with the risk of the change in *** study also employed the Heckman sample selection model to analyze the two-step process of adaptation to climate change which initially requires farmers’perception that climate is changing prior to responding to the changes through adaptation ***:Based on the model result educational attainment,the age of the head of the household,the number of crop failures in the past,changes in temperature and precipitation significantly influenced farmers’perception of climate change in wet lowland parts of the study *** dry lowland condition,farming experience,climate information,duration of food shortage,and the number of crop failures experienced determined farmers’perception of climate ***’adaptation decision in both the wet and dry lowland conditions is influenced by household size,the gender of household head,cultivated land size,education,farm experience,non-farm income,income from livestock,climate information,extension advice,farm-home distance and number of ***,the direction of influence and significance level of most of the explanatory variables vary between the two parts of the study ***:In line with the results,any intervention that promotes the use of adaptation measures to climate change may account for location-specific factors that determine farmers'perception of climate change and adaptive responses thereof.

关键词： Climate change Perception Adaptation Heckman sample selection model

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Vulnerability analysis of smallholder farmers to climate variability and change: an agroecological system-based approach in the Fincha’a sub-basin of the upper Blue Nile Basin of Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 49-66页

作者： Israel Tessema belay Simane Center for Environment and Development College of Development StudiesAddis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia Environmental Engineering College of Biological and Chemical EngineeringAddis Ababa Science and Technology UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia

Background:Ethiopia is frequently cited as a country that is highly vulnerable to climate variability and *** country’s high vulnerability arises mostly from climate-sensitive agricultural sector that suffers a lot from risks associated with rainfall *** vulnerability factors(exposure,sensitivity,and adaptive capacity)of the agricultural livelihoods to climate variability and change differ across agro-ecological systems(AESs).Therefore,the aim of this study was to analyze AES-specific vulnerability of smallholder farmers to climate variability and change in the Fincha’a *** surveyed 380 respondents from 4 AESs(highland,midland,wetland,and lowland)randomly ***,focus group discussion and key informant interviews were also performed to supplement and substantiate the quantitative *** vulnerability index was employed to analyze the levels of smallholders’agriculture vulnerability to climate variability and *** on socioeconomic and biophysical attribute were collected and combined into the indices and vulnerability score was calculated for each agro-ecological ***:Considerable variation was observed across the agro-ecological systems in profile,indicator,and the three livelihood vulnerability indices-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change dimensions(exposure,sensitivity,and adaptive capacity)of *** lowland AES exhibited higher exposure,low adaptive capacity,and high vulnerability,while the midland AES demonstrated lower exposure,higher adaptive capacity,and lower *** wetland and highland AESs scored intermediate ***:Our results suggest that resilience-building adaptation strategies are vital to reduce the vulnerability of smallholder *** measures taken should consider site-specific agro-ecological system requirements to reduce the vulnerability of smallholder mixed crop-livestock agriculture *** the approach based on the long-term rea

关键词： Vulnerability index Exposure Sensitivity Adaptation capacity Fincha’a sub-basin

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Does adaptation to climate change and variability provide household food security?Evidence from Muger sub-basin of the upper Blue-Nile,Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 124-135页

作者： Abayineh Amare belay Simane College of Development Studies Addis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia

Introduction:The purpose of this study is to evaluate the associated impact of adoption of adaptation options to climate change and variability on household food security in the Muger sub-basin of the upper Blue-Nile of Ethiopia using a comprehensive data of 442 sampled households from four representative districts’in the *** study used a propensity score matching approach to evaluate the impact of adaptation options on household food ***:Results show that the decision to adopt adaptation options is found to be positively influenced by male household heads,family size,access to extension service,the size of landholding,and frequency of drought and floods over the past many *** results further reveal that farmers adopting any of the adaptation options had higher food calorie intake per day per adult equivalent than those who did ***:A policy that promotes the adoption of soil and water conservation measures,small-scale irrigation,agronomic practices,and livelihood diversification strategies should be central to food security strategy in the study area.

关键词： Food security Impact Adaptation Climate change Muger sub-basin

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Oscillatory hyper Hilbert transforms along general curves

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Frontiers of Mathematics in China 2017年第2期12卷 281-299页

作者： Jiecheng CHEN belay Mitiku DAMTEW Xiangrong ZHU Department of Mathematics Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 China

We consider the oscillatory hyper Hilbert transform Hγ,α,βf（x） = ∫0^∞ f（x - Г（t））eit-βt-（1＋α）dt, where Г（t） = （t, γ（t）） in R^2 is a general curve. When γ is convex, we give a simple condition on γ such that Hγ,α,βis bounded on L2 when β ≥ 3α, β 〉 0. As a corollary, under this condition, we obtain the LP-boundedness of Hγ,α,β when 2β/（2β - 3α）〈 p 〈 2β/（3α）. When F is a general nonconvex curve, we give some more complicated conditions on γ such that Hγ,α,βis bounded on L2. As an application, we construct a class of strictly convex curves along which Hγ,α,β is bounded on L2 only if β 〉 2α 〉 0.

关键词： Hilbert transform oscillatory integral oscillatory hyper Hilberttransform

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The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi status of selected tree nurseries in the Ethiopian highlands

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第3期32卷 1189-1201页

作者： Fisseha Asmelash Tamrat Bekele Fassil Kebede Zerihun belay Forest and Rangeland Plants Biodiversity Directorate Ethiopian Biodiversity InstituteAddis AbabaEthiopia Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management Addis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia Center for Soil and Fertilizer Research in Africa Mohammed VI Polytechnic UniversityBen GuerirMorocco Department of Applied Biology School of Natural SciencesAdama Science and Technology UniversityAdamaEthiopia

We investigated the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)status of ten nurseries suitable for restoration of dry evergreen Afromontane forests in *** quantified AMF root colonization(RC)and spore abundance(SA)in seedlings of nine native tree species namely Acacia abyssinica *** Benth.,Cordia africana Lam.,Dovyalis abyssinica(***.)Warb.,H agenia abyssinica ***.,Juniperus procera *** Endl.,Millettia ferruginea(Hochst.)Baker,Olea europaea ***.c uspidata(*** ***)Cif.,Podocarpus falcatus(Thunb.)*** *** Prunus africana(Hook.f.)*** used the ink and vinegar method to stain AMF in *** levels ranged from 8.00 to 99.67%and were generally higher than the RC levels reported from other similar nurseries in *** levels ranged from 1 to 25 spores g~(-1)and werecomparable with some reports from the field in Ethiopia but they were lower than levels reported by another similar *** was more affected by host species than nursery location,while the reverse was true for *** results also showed that nursery management could improve AMF status among *** all nursery tree species were considered,RC and SA levels were *** strong correlation existed between the nursery management variables considered and RC or ***,considering ***,*** and *** separately,RC-age(r_(s)=0.829,P=0.042)correlation for *** and RC-pot diameter(r_(s)=0.820,P=0.046),RC-pot volume(r_(s)=0.928,P=0.008)and SA-age(r_(s)=0.943,P=0.005)correlations for ***,were significant,strong and ***,most of the tree species and particularly,early-mid successional tree species had sufficient AMF ***,only the mid-late successional tree species;***,***,and *** may require AMF inoculation,preferably,during filed *** on our results,age and pot volume were identified to be important variables potentially affecting RC and *** better understand the effects of t

关键词： Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Dovyalis abyssinica Dry evergreen afromontane forests Forest restoration Ink and vinegar staining Tree nursery

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Tree species determine soil seed bank composition and its similarity with understory vegetation in a semi-arid African savanna

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Ecological Processes 2017年第1期6卷 84-99页

作者： Zewdu Kelkay Tessema belay Ejigu Lisanework Nigatu Rangeland Ecology and Biodiversity Program School of Animal and Range SciencesCollege of Agriculture and Environmental SciencesHaramaya UniversityPO Box 138Dire DawaEthiopia Department of Animal Sciences Faculty of AgricultureWollega UniversityPO Box 38Shambu CampusEthiopia School of Natural Resource Management and Environmental Sciences College of Agriculture and Environmental SciencesHaramaya UniversityPO Box 138Dire DawaEthiopia

Introduction:The presence of larger trees in semi-arid African savannas creates sub-habitats,which influences on herbaceous plant communities grown under their canopies differently from opened *** of seed banks accumulated in the soils over time beneath larger trees could facilitate the recovery of plant communities that might disappear due to sustained heavy grazing,prolonged fire,or other anthropogenic factors in semi-arid African ***,the impact of larger trees on soil seed bank composition and its similarity with plant communities grown under their canopies are less understood in semi-arid African ***,we studied the effect of leguminous and non-leguminous tree species and their canopies on soil seed bank(SSB)composition and its similarity with understory vegetation(USV)in a semi-arid savanna of ***:We selected 20 matured trees from 3 dominant tree species,representing one leguminous(Acacia robusta Burch)and 2 non-leguminous tree species(Ziziphus spina-Christi and Balanites aegyptiaca(L.)Del),found in isolation,a total of 60 trees for this *** each selected individual tree,the species composition of USV were recorded using 1-m2 quadrat in four directions(north,south,east,and west)under the inside and outside tree canopies during the flowering ***,soil samples in a 1-m2 quadrat were also collected under the inside tree canopies and their corresponding outside canopies,in each individual tree,for the determination of SSB composition,using a seed emergence ***,the soil was thoroughly mixed after removal of all roots and plant fragments,and spread over sand in plastic pots to a depth of 20 *** pots were placed at random in a glasshouse,examined every 3 days,for the first 2 months,and thereafter weekly for 6 months.A total of 960 soil samples were used for the determination of SSB composition during this ***:A total of 64 species were emerged from the SSB samples,of which 27 w

关键词： Functional groups Herbaceous layers Plant abundance Seedling density Species composition Species diversity Tree-grass interaction

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