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Synergistic engineering of hole transport materials in perovskite solar cells

InfoMat 2020年第5期2卷 928-941页

作者： Sally Mabrouk behzad bahrami Hytham Elbohy Khan Mamun Reza Ashim Gurung Mao Liang Fan Wu Mingtai Wang Shangfeng Yang Qiquan Qiao Center for Advanced Photovoltaics Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceSouth Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSouth Dakota Physics Department Damietta UniversityNew Damietta CityEgypt Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion Department of Applied ChemistryTianjin University of TechnologyTianjinChina Key Lab of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices School of ScienceHuzhou UniversityHuzhouChina Institute of Applied Technology Hefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiChina Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy ConversionDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringSynergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina

In this work,methylammonium lead triiodide(CH3NH3PbI3)perovskite solar cells with efficiencies higher than 18%were achieved using a new nanocomposite hole transport layer(HTL)by doping poly(ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)with a mixed dopant of polyaniline(PANI)and graphene oxide(GO).A synergistic engineering between GO,PANI,and PEDOT:PSS was accomplished to introduce additional energy levels between perovskite and PEDOT:PSS and increase the conductivity of PEDOT:*** probe force microscope results confirmed that adding GO to PEDOT:PSS/PANI composite significantly reduced the average surface *** increased the open circuit voltage(Voc)to 1.05 V for the GO/PEDOT:PSS/PANI nanocomposite perovskite solar cells from the pristine PEDOT:PSS(Voc=0.95 V)and PEDOT:PSS/PANI(Voc=0.99 V).In addition,adding PANI to the HTLs substantially enhanced short circuit current density(Jsc).This was supported by the current sensing-atomic force microscopy(CS-AFM)and conductivity *** PANI doped films showed superior electrical conductivity compared with those without PANI as indicated by CS-AFM *** can fill the gaps between the microflakes of GO and give rise to more compact hole transport material(HTM)*** led to a higher Jsc after doping with PANI,which was consistent with the incident photon-to-current efficiency and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy *** results of X-ray diffraction(XRD)and AFM indicated the GO/PANI doped HTMs significantly improved the crystallinity,topography,and crystal size of the perovskite film grown on their surface.A higher efficiency of 18.12%for p-i-n perovskite solar cells has been obtained by adding the mixed dopant of GO,PANI,and PEDOT:PSS,demonstrating better stability than the pristine PEDOT:PSS cell.

关键词： composite hole transport material perovskite solar cell polyaniline and graphene oxide

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Current advancements on charge selective contact interfacial layers and electrodes in flexible hybrid perovskite photovoltaics

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第3期30卷 151-173页

作者： Gopalan Saianand Prashant Sonar Gregory J.Wilson Anantha-Iyengar Gopalan Vellaisamy A.L.Roy Gautam E.Unni Khan Mamun Reza behzad bahrami K.Venkatramanan Qiquan Qiao Global Centre for Environmental Remediation(CCER) Faculty of ScienceThe University of NewcastleCallaghan 2308New South WalesAustralia CSIRO Energy Newcastle Energy Centre10 Murray Dwyer CctMayfield WestNSW 2304Australia School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology(QUT)2 George StreetBrisbaneQLD 4001Australia Centre for Material Science Queensland University of Technology(QUT)BrisbaneQLD 4000Australia Daegyeong Regional Infrastructure Technology Development Center Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566Republic of Korea James Watt School of Engineering University of GlasgowG128QQUnited Kingdom Facufty of Engineering and Built Environment The University of NewcastleCallaghan 2308New South WalesAustralia Department of Electrical Engineering Center for Advanced PhotovoltaicsSouth Dakota State UniversityBrookings 57007South DakotaUSA Department of Physics SCSVMV Deemed UniversityKanchipuram 631561Tamil NaduIndia

Perovskite-based photovoltaic materials have been attracting attention for their strikingly improved performance at converting sunlight into *** beneficial and unique optoelectronic characteristics of perovskite structures enable researchers to achieve an incredibly remarkable power conversion *** hybrid perovskite photovoltaics promise emerging applications in a myriad of optoelectronic and wearable/portable device applications owing to their inherent intriguing physicochemical and photophysical properties which enabled researchers to take forward advanced research in this growing *** perovskite photovoltaics have attracted significant attention owing to their fascinating material properties with combined merits of high efficiency,light-weight,flexibility,semitransparency,compatibility towards roll-to-roll printing,and large-area mass-scale *** perovskite-based solar cells comprise of 4 key components that include a flexible substrate,semi-transparent bottom contact electrode,perovskite(light absorber layer)and charge transport(electron/hole)layers and top(usually metal)*** these components,interfacial layers and contact electrodes play a pivotal role in influencing the overall photovoltaic *** this comprehensive review article,we focus on the current developments and latest progress achieved in perovskite photovoltaics concerning the charge selective transport layers/electrodes toward the fabrication of highly stable,efficient flexible *** a concluding remark,we briefly summarize the highlights of the review article and make recommendations for future outlook and investigation with perspectives on the perovskite-based optoelectronic functional devices that can be potentially utilized in smart wearable and portable devices.

关键词： Perovskite photovoltaics Charge transport layers Contact interface layer Contact electrodes Printable electronics

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Tailored PEDOT:PSS hole transport layer for higher performance in perovskite solar cells: Enhancement of electrical and optical properties with improved morphology

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第5期29卷 41-50页

作者： Khan Mamun Reza Ashim Gurung behzad bahrami Sally Mabrouk Hytham Elbohy Rajesh Pathak Ke Chen Ashraful Haider Chowdhury Md Tawabur Rahman Steven Letourneau Hao-Cheng Yang Gopalan Saianand Jeffrey WElam Seth BDarling Qiquan Qiao Department of Electrical Engineering Center for Advanced PhotovoltaicsSouth Dakota State UniversityBrookings 57007SDUSA Physics Department Damietta UniversityNew Damietta 34517Egypt Applied Materials Division Argonne National LaboratoryArgonne 60439ILUSA Center for Nanoscale Materials Argonne National LaboratoryArgonne 60439ILUSA Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials Faculty of Engineering and Built EnvironmentThe University of NewcastleCallaghan 2308New South WalesAustralia Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division Argonne National LaboratoryLemont 60439ILUSA Institute for Molecular Engineering Argonne National LaboratoryLemont 60439ILUSA Institute for Molecular Engineering University of ChicagoChicago 60637ILUSA

Precise control over the charge carrier dynamics throughout the device can result in outstanding performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)is the most actively studied hole transport material in p-i-n structured ***,charge transport in the PEDOT:PSS is limited and inefficient because of its low conductivity with the presence of the weak ionic conductor *** addition,morphology of the underlying PEDOT:PSS layer in PSCs plays a crucial role in determining the optoelectronic quality of the active perovskite absorber *** work is focused on realization of a non-wetting conductive surface of hole transport layer suitable for the growth of larger perovskite crystalline *** is accomplished by employing a facile solventengineered(ethylene glycol and methanol)approach resulting in removal of the predominant PSS in PEDOT:*** consequence of acquiring larger perovskite crystalline domains was observed in the charge carrier dynamics studies,with the achievement of higher charge carrier lifetime,lower charge transport time and lower transfer impedance in the solvent-engineered PEDOT:PSS-based *** of this solventengineered treatment for the fabrication of MAPbI3 PSCs greatly increased the device stability witnessing a power conversion efficiency of 18.18%,which corresponds to^37%improvement compared to the untreated PEDOT:PSS based devices.

关键词： Perovskite solar cells PEDOT:PSS treatment Hole transport layer Non-wetting PEDOT:PSS surface

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Nanoscale control of grain boundary potential barrier, dopant density and filled trap state density for higher efficiency perovskite solar cells

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InfoMat 2020年第2期2卷 409-423页

作者： behzad bahrami Sally Mabrouk Nirmal Adhikari Hytham Elbohy Ashim Gurung Khan M.Reza Rajesh Pathak Ashraful H.Chowdhury Gopalan Saianand Wenjin Yue Jiantao Zai Xuefeng Qian Mao Liang Qiquan Qiao Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Center for Advanced Photovoltaics and Sustainable EnergySouth Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSouth Dakota Physics Department Damietta UniversityNew Damietta CityEgypt Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials Faculty of EngineeringThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia College of Biochemical Engineering Anhui Polytechnic UniversityWuhuChina Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix CompositesShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion Department of Applied ChemistryTianjin University of TechnologyTianjinChina

In this work,grain boundary(GB)potential barrier(ΔφGB),dopant density(Pnet),and filled trap state density(PGB,trap)were manipulated at the nanoscale by exposing the fabricated perovskite films to various relative humidity(RH)*** mapping of surface potential in the perovskite film revealed higher positive potential at GBs than inside the *** averageΔφGB,Pnet,and PGB,trap in the perovskite films decreased from 0%RH to 25%RH exposure,but increased when the RH increased to 35%RH and 45%*** clearly indicated that perovskite solar cells fabricated at 25%RH led to the lowest average GB potential,smallest dopant density,and least filled trap states *** is consistent with the highest photovoltaic efficiency of 18.16%at 25%RH among the different relative humidities from 0%to 45%RH.

关键词： dopant density filled trap state density grain boundary potential barrier perovskite solar cells relative humidity

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Thermal Characteristics of PVA-PANI-ZnS Nanocomposite Film Synthesized by Gamma Irradiation Method

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Chinese Physics Letters 2018年第11期35卷 83-85页

作者： Afarin bahrami Kasra behzad Nastaran Faraji Alireza Kharazmi Department of Physics Islamshahr Branch Islamic Azad University Department of Physics Shahr-e-Qods Branch Islamic Azad University School of Materials Science and Engineering UNSW Australia School of Chemistry University of New South Wales

Gamma irradiation is employed for in situ preparation of PVA-PANI-ZnS nanocomposite. The irradiation dose is varied from 10 to 40 kGy at 10 kGy intervals. The XRD result confirms the formation of crystalline phases corresponding to ZnS nanoparticles, PVA and PANI. Field emission scanning electron microscopy shows the formation of agglomerated PANI along the PVA backbone, within which the ZnS nanoparticles are ***-visible spectroscopy is conducted to measure the transmittance spectra of samples revealing the electronic absorption characteristics of ZnS and PANI nanoparticles. Photo-acoustic（PA） setup is installed to investigate the thermal properties of samples. The PA spectroscopy indicates a high value of thermal diffusivity for samples due to the presence of ZnS and PANI nanoparticles. Moreover, at higher doses, the more polymerization and formation of PANI and ZnS nanoparticles result in enhancement of thermal diffusivity.

关键词： ZnS XRD Thermal Characteristics of PVA-PANI-ZnS Nanocomposite Film Synthesized by Gamma Irradiation Method PVA

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Field evaluation of durum wheat landraces for prevailing abiotic and biotic stresses in highland rainfed regions of Iran

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The Crop Journal 2015年第5期3卷 423-433页

作者： Reza Mohammadi behzad Sadeghzadeh Hasan Ahmadi Nowzar bahrami Ahmed Amri Dryland Agricultural Research Institute (DARI) Center of Agricultural Research and Natural Resources International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA)

Biotic and abiotic stresses are major limiting factors for high crop productivity worldwide. A landrace collection consisting of 380 durum wheat(Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) entries originating in several countries along with four check varieties were evaluated for biotic stresses:yellow rust(Puccinia striiformis Westendorf f. sp. tritici) and wheat stem sawfly(WSS) Cephus cinctus Norton(Hymenoptera: Cephidae), and abiotic stresses: cold and drought. The main objectives were to(i) quantify phenotypic diversity and identify variation in the durum wheat landraces for the different stresses and(ii) characterize the agronomic profiles of landraces in reaction to the stresses. Significant changes in reactions of landraces to stresses were *** resistant to each stress were identified and agronomically *** reduction due to the stresses varied from 11.4%(yellow rust) to 21.6%(cold stress) for 1000-kernel weight(TKW) and from 19.9(yellow rust) to 91.9%(cold stress) for grain yield. Landraces from Asia and Europe showed enhanced genetic potential for both grain yield and cold tolerance under highland rainfed conditions of Iran. The findings showed that TKW and yield productivity could be used to assess the response of durum wheat landraces to different stresses. In conclusion, landraces showed high levels of resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses, and selected landraces can serve in durum wheat breeding for adaptation to cold and drought-prone environments.

关键词： Durum wheat Landraces Biotic and abiotic stresses

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Warpage and Shrinkage Optimization of Injection-Molded Plastic Spoon Parts for Biodegradable Polymers Using Taguchi, ANOVA and Artificial Neural Network Methods

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2016年第8期32卷 710-720页

作者： Erfan Oliaei behzad Shiroud Heidari Seyed Mohammad Davachi Mozhgan bahrami Saeed Davoodi Iman Hejazi Javad Seyfi Applied Science Nano Research Group ASNARKA P.C. *** Tehran Iran Macromolecular Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109-2136. United States Department of Chemical Engineering Shahrood Branch Islamic Azad University RO. Box 36155-163 Shahrood lran

In this study, it is attempted to give an insight into the injection processability of three self-prepared polymers from A to Z. This work presents material analysis, injection molding simulation, design of ex- periments alongside considering all interaction effects of controlling parameters carefully for green biodegradable polymeric systems, including polylactic acid （PLA）, polylactic acid-thermoplastic poly- urethane （PLA-TPU） and polylactic acid-thermoplastic starch （PLA-TPS）. The experiments were carried out using injection molding simulation software Autodesk Moldflov~~ in order to minimize warpage and volumetric shrinkage for each of the mentioned systems. The analysis was conducted by changing five significant processing parameters, including coolant temperature, packing time, packing pressure, mold temperature and melt temperature. Taguchi＇s [.27 （35） orthogonal array was selected as an efficient method for design of simulations in order to consider the interaction effects of the parameters and reduce spu- rious simulations. Meanwhile, artificial neural network （ANN） was also used for pattern recognition and optimization through modifying the processing conditions. The Taguchi coupled analysis of variance （ANOVA） and ANN analysis resulted in definition of optimum levels for each factor by two completely different methods. According to the results, melting temperature, coolant temperature and packing time had significant influence on the shrinkage and warpage. The ANN optimal level selection for minimiza- tion of shrinkage and/or warpage is in good agreement with ANOVA optimal level selection results. This investigation indicates that PLA-TPU compound exhibits the highest resistance to warpage and shrink- age defects compared to the other studied compounds.

关键词： Injection molding simulation Yaguchi Artificial neural networks Biodegradable plastic Disposable spoons

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Epicardial Versus Endocardial Pacemakers in the Pediatric Population:A Comparative Inquiry

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Congenital Heart Disease 2021年第6期16卷 573-584页

作者： Mohammadrafie Khorgami Ali Sadeghpour Tabaei Elio Caruso Silvia Farruggio Negar Omidi Maryam Moradian behzad Mohammadpour Ahranjani Zahra Khajali Rahele Zamani Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center Iran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Cardiovascular Surgery Department Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research CenterIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Department of Pediatric Cardiology Mediterranean Pediatric Cardiology Center“Bambin Gesù”San Vincenzo HospitalTaorminaItaly Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center Tehran Heart Center and Department of CardiologySchool of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Pediatric Cardiology Bahrami Children’s HospitalTehran University of Medical ScienceTehranIran Adult Congenital Heart Disease Department Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research CenterIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran

Background:Most children in need of cardiac pacemakers remain dependent on the function of the permanent from childhood to *** sought to evaluate and compare the function between epicardial and endocardial pacemakers in pediatric groups with different ***:Between 2012 and 2018,this single-canter study evaluated 44 pediatric patients with indications for epicardial or endocardial ***:The 2 groups,at a median age of 5(0.1–16)years,were compared concerning the characteristics of the leads used(n=80:bipolar,unipolar,steroid-eluting,and non–steroid-eluting),survival data,and *** reason for pacemaker implantation was congenital complete heart block in 11(25%)cases and postoperative heart block in 33(75%)*** commonest congenital heart disease accompanied by postoperative block was the ventricular septal *** the endocardial lead group,the mean ventricular pacing threshold immediately after the implantation and during the follow-up was less than that in the epicardial lead group(0.75 vs.0.81 V;P=0.01 and 0.8 vs.2.4 V;P=0.001).During the follow-up,the mean battery longevity was better in the endocardial group(last visit:6.7 endocardial vs.3.3 years epicardial).Lead failure was commoner in the epicardial pacemaker,and chronic high-pacing threshold pattern was seen in 14 patients in this *** 3 years,freedom from lead failure was 94%and 63%in the endocardial and epicardial ***:Pacemakers with endocardial bipolar steroid-eluting leads showed better lead characteristics regarding survival and battery longevity than epicardial pacemakers without these lead *** appropriate pacemaker type should be selected based on the patient’s condition.

关键词： Pacemaker congenital heart defects cardiac pacing pediatrics

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