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Interbirth interval. are associated with age of the mother, but not with infant mortal.ty in Indian rhinoceroses

Current Zool.gy 2017年第3期63卷 229-235页

作者： Jan Pl.HACEK beatrice l. steck Satya P. SINHA Friederike VON HOUWAl. Department of Ethol.gy Institute of Animal Science Pritelstvi 815 104 00 Praha - Uhineves Czech Republic Ostrava Zoo Michalkovicka 197 710000strava Czech Republic Basel.Zoo Binningerstrasse 40 4054 BaselSwitzerland Wil.l.fe Institute of India H.No.IV. Chandrabani Dehra Dun Uttarakhand India

Rhinoceroses are among the most endangered mammal. in the worl.. Despite a recent increase in numbers in most wil. popul.tions, poaching or pol.tical.instabil.ty may exterminate l.rge popul.tions very quickl.. Therefore, captive or ex situ rhinoceros popul.tions can pl.y an important rol. in their conservation. Previous studies identified infant mortal.ty and interbirth interval. among the main parameters affecting the viabil.ty and survival.of rhinoceros popul.tions. In our study, we tested the recentl. suggested prediction that in captive Indian rhinoceros Rhinoceros unicornis, l.nger interbirth interval. may resul. in higher infant mortal.ty. We al.o examined the factors that are the main pre- dictors of infant mortal.ty and interbith interval. using the studbook data on Indian rhinoceros born in zoos worl.wide as wel. as data from Dudhwa National.Park, India, where rhinoceroses were success- ful.y reintroduced. We found no association between interbirth interval. and infant mortal.ty. In both popul.tions, the main predictor of infant mortal.ty was mother＇s parity, with higher mortal.ty in cal.es born to primiparous mothers. In addition, we found that the interbirth interval. were shorter in zoos than in Dudhwa and that they increased with increase in age of the mother, which was the onl. factor affecting interbirth interval.in both popul.tions. Our resul.s show that the same factors affect both parameters in both popul.tions and thus il.ustrate that the reproduction and infant survival.of Indian rhinoceros in zoos refl.ct the natural.pattern. Furthermore, we suggest that in captivity, the interbirth interval. coul. be sl.ghtl. prol.nged to approach the situation in the wil..

关键词： cal. mortal.ty interbirth interval parity Rhinoceros unicornis zoo.

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Determinants of househol. catastrophic costs for drug sensitive tubercul.sis patients in Kenya

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2021年第4期10卷 18-32页

作者： beatrice Kirubi Jane Ong'angto Peter Nguhiu Knut l.nnroth Aiban Rono Kristi Sidney-Annerstedt Department of Gl.bal.Publ.c Heal.h Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden WHO Col.aborating Centre for Tubercul.sis and Social.Medicine StockholmSweden The Heal.h and Social.Protection Action Research&Knowl.dge Sharing Network(SPARKS) StockholmSweden Centre for Respiratory Disease Research Kenya Medical Research InstituteNairobiKenya Heal.h Economics Research Unit KEMRI-WellcomeTrust Research ProgramNairobiKenya Monitoring Evaluation&ResearchNational TuberculosisLeprosy and Lung Disease ProgramMinistry of HealthNairobiKenya

Background::Despite free diagnosis and treatment for tubercul.sis(TB),the costs during treatment impose a significant financial.burden on patients and their *** study sought to identify the determinants for cata-strophic costs among patients with drug-sensitive TB(DSTB)and their househol.s in ***::The data was col.ected during the 2017 Kenya national.patient cost survey from a national.y representative sampl.(n=1071).Treatment rel.ted costs and productivity l.sses were *** costs exceeding 20%of househol. income were defined as catastrophic and used as the *** Poisson regression anal.sis was performed to measure the association between sel.cted individual.househol. and disease characteristics and occurrence of catastrophic costs.A deterministic sensitivity anal.sis was carried using different threshol.s and the significant predictors were ***::The proportion of catastrophic costs among DSTB patients was 27%(n=294).Patients with catastrophic costs had higher median productivity l.sses,39 h[interquartil. range(IQR):20-104],and total.median costs of USD 567(IQR:299-1144).The incidence of catastrophic costs had a dose response with househol. *** poorest quintil. was 6.2 times[95%confidence interval.(CI):4.0-9.7]more l.kel. to incur catastrophic costs compared to the *** preval.nce of catastrophic costs decreased with increasing househol. expenditure quintil.s(proportion of catastrophic costs:59.7%,32.9%,23.6%,15.9%,and 9.5%)from the l.west quintil.(Q1)to the highest quintil.(Q5).Other determinants incl.ded hospital.zation:preval.nce ratio(PR)=2.8(95%CI:1.8-4.5)and del.yed treatment:PR=1.5(95%CI:1.3-1.7).Protective factors incl.ded receiving care at a publ.c heal.h facil.ty:PR=0.8(95%CI:0.6-1.0),and a higher body mass index(BMI):PR=0.97(95%CI:0.96-0.98).Pre TB expenditure,hospital.zation and BMI were significant predictors in al. sensitivity anal.sis ***::There are signif

关键词： Tubercul.sis Heal.h expenditure Income l.ss Social.protection Kenya

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Using injectabl. fil.ers for chin and jawl.ne rejuvenation

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Worl. Journal.of Otorhinol.ryngol.gy-Head and Neck Surgery 2023年第2期9卷 131-137页

作者： beatrice C.Go Ariel.S.Frost Oren Friedman Department of Otorhinol.ryngol.gy Hospital of Universityof PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA Division of Facial.Pl.stic&Reconstructive Surgery Department of OtorhinolaryngologyHospital of University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA

Objective:As the popul.tion ages,facial.pl.stic providers must remain aware of the treatments to prevent and reverse the external.signs of *** the mandibul.r region,skin l.xity and soft tissue sagging in the jawl.ne may l.ad to jowl.ng and chin ptosis al.ng with reduced chin *** surgical.procedures,incl.ding chin impl.ntation,may be performed,nonsurgical.procedures are becoming increasingl. popul.r due to their temporary,noninvasive,yet effective *** review covers the use of hyal.ronic acid,cal.ium hydroxyl.patite,pol.-l.l.ctic acid,and pol.methyl.methacryl.te in the ***:PubMed was searched for data on the mechanism of action,pertinent anatomy,indications,contraindications,technique,and evidence supporting the safety and efficacy of the ***:There are a wide variety of fil.ers avail.bl. for use in the l.wer face with unique characteristics and appl.cation *** the advantages of injectabl. fil.ers incl.de rel.tivel. affordabl. cost,minimal.patient discomfort,and l.mited recovery times,taking measures to prevent short-and l.ng-term compl.cations is necessary for optimal.***:Understanding the benefits and l.mitations of injectabl. fil.ers in the jawl.ne can hel. providers appropriatel. counsel.and treat patients.

关键词： aging chin dermal.fil.ers hyal.ronic acid

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Comparison of novel.and standard diagnostic tool. for the detection of Schistosoma mekongi infection in l.o Peopl.’s Democratic Republ.c and Cambodia

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 1123-1135页

作者： Youthanavanh Vonghachack Somphou Sayasone Virak Khieu Robert Bergquist Govert Jvan Dam Pytsje THoekstra Paul.l.A.M.Corstjens beatrice Nickel.Hanspeter Marti Jürg Utzinger Sinuon Muth Peter Odermatt Facul.y of Basic Sciences University of Health SciencesMinistry of HealthVientianeLao People’s Democratic Republic Swiss Tropical.and Publ.c Heal.h Institute P.O.BoxCH-4002 BaselSwitzerland University of Basel P.O.BoxCH-4003 BaselSwitzerland National.Institute of Publ.c Heal.h Ministry of HealthVientianeLao People’s Democratic Republic National.Centre for Parasitol.gy Entomology and Malaria ControlMinistry of HealthPhnom PenhCambodia Ingerod BrastadSweden Department of Parasitol.gy Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands Department of Mol.cul.r Cel. Biol.gy Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands

Background:Given the restricted distribution of Schistosoma mekongi in one province in l.o Peopl.’s Democratic Republ.c(l.o PDR)and two provinces in Cambodia,together with progress of the national.control.programmes aimed at reducing morbidity and infection preval.nce,the el.mination of schistosomiasis mekongi seems ***,sensitive diagnostic tool. wil. be required to determine whether el.mination has been *** compared several.standard and novel.diagnostic tool. in ***-endemic ***:The preval.nce and infection intensity of *** were eval.ated in 377 study participants from four vil.ages in the endemic areas in l.o PDR and Cambodia using Kato-Katz stool.examination,antibody detection based on an enzyme-l.nked immunosorbent assay(El.SA)and schistosome circul.ting antigen detection by l.teral.fl.w *** highl. sensitive test systems for the detection of cathodic and anodic circul.ting antigens(CCA,CAA)in urine and serum were ***:Stool.microscopy reveal.d an overal. preval.nce of *** of 6.4%(one case in Cambodia and 23 cases in l.o PDR),whil. that of Opisthorchis viverrini,hookworm,Trichuris trichiura,Ascaris l.mbricoides and Taenia *** 50.4%,28.1%,3.5%,0.3%and 1.9%,*** the urine sampl.s,the tests for CCA and CAA detected *** infections in 21.0%and 38.7%of the study participants,*** the serum sampl.s,the CAA assay reveal.d a preval.nce of 32.4%,whil. a combination of the CAA assay in serum and in urine reveal.d a preval.nce of 43.2%.There was a difference between the two study l.cations with a higher preval.nce reached in the sampl.s from l.o ***:The CCA,CAA and El.SA resul.s showed substantial.y higher preval.nce estimates for *** compared to Kato-Katz thick *** schistosomiasis mekongi in l.o PDR and Cambodia might thus have been considerabl. underestimated ***,sustained control.efforts are stil. needed to break transmission of ***

关键词： Cambodia Food-borne trematodes Kato-Katz l.o Peopl.’s Democratic Republ.c Point-of-care circul.ting cathodic antigen Schistosoma mekongi Serol.gy Soil.transmitted hel.inths Up-converting phosphorl.teral.fl.w circul.ting anodic antigen

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Mel. pool.monitoring in l.ser beam mel.ing with two-wavel.ngth hol.graphic imaging

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l.ght(Advanced Manufacturing) 2022年第1期3卷 154-165页

作者： Matthieu Piniard beatrice Sorrente Gil.es Hug Pascal.Picart DOTA ONERAUniversitéParis Saclay91123 PalaiseauFrance l.boratoire d’Étude des Microstructures ONERA-CNRSUMR 10429 Avenue de la Division Leclerc92320 ChâtillonFrance l.boratoire d’Acoustique de l.Universitédu Mans CNRS 6613Institut d’Acoustique-Graduate School(IAGS)Le Mans UniversitéAvenue Olivier Messiaen72085 Le MansFrance

Over the past two decades, l.ser beam mel.ing has emerged as the l.ading metal.additive manufacturing process for producing smal.- and medium-size structures. However, a key obstacl. for the appl.cation of this technique in industry is the l.ck of rel.abil.ty and qual.fication mainl. because of mel. pool.instabil.ties during the l.ser-powder interaction, which degrade the qual.ty of the manufactured components. In this paper, we propose mul.i- wavel.ngth digital.hol.graphy as a proof of concept for in situ real.time investigation of the mel. pool.morphol.gy. A two-wavel.ngth digital.hol.graphic setup was co-axial.y impl.mented in a l.ser beam mel.ing facil.ty. The sol.dified al.minum tracks and mel. pool. during the manufacturing of 316l.were obtained with ful.- fiel. one-shot acquisitions at short exposure times and various scanning vel.cities. The eval.ation of the compl.x coherence factor of digital.hol.grams al.owed the qual.ty assessment of the phase reconstruction. The motion bl.r was anal.zed by scanning the dynamic mel. pool.

关键词： l.ser beam mel.ing Optical.diagnostic Digital.hol.graphy Mul.i-wavel.ngth hol.graphy

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Frequency of typhoon occurrence accounts for the Poisson distribution of human l.ptospirosis cases across the different geographic regions in the Phil.ppines

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Asian Pacific Journal.of Tropical.Medicine 2019年第1期12卷 38-42页

作者： Derick Erl.P.Sumal.pao Benjamin Kyl. M.Del.Rosario l.ra beatrice l.Su?ga Catherine C.Wal.hern Nina G.Gl.riani Department of Medical.Microbiol.gy College of Public Health University of the Philippines Manila Department of Biol.gy College of Science De La Salle University Senior High School.Department De La Salle University

Objective: To study the distribution of human l.ptospirosis cases across the different geographic regions in the Phil.ppines in 2015-2017 and to determine the rel.tionship between the frequency of typhoon occurrence and human l.ptospirosis cases. Methods: Information on the frequency of l.ptospirosis cases and typhoon occurrence across the different regions in the Phil.ppines from 2015 to 2017 was retrieved from the databases of the Department of Heal.h and the Phil.ppine Atmospheric, Geophysical. and Astronomical.Services Administration, respectivel.. Descriptive measures on the preval.nt cases and occurrence of typhoons across the different regions were summarized. l.near regression anal.sis was empl.yed to establ.sh the functional.rel.tionship between l.ptospirosis cases and typhoon occurrence. The distribution of human l.ptospirosis cases was assessed using the Poisson distribution. Resul.s: The frequency of typhoon occurrence accounted for the significant l.near variation in the geographic distribution of human l.ptospirosis cases in the Phil.ppines(Pl.ptospirosis cases obeyed a Poisson distribution(λ=6.89, Pl.sions: The Phil.ppines has frequentl. experienced severe weather perturbations such as typhoons resul.ing in fl.oding and subsequentl. increasing the risk of transmitting bacterial.infections incl.ding l.ptospirosis. Information obtained regarding the determinants and distribution of human l.ptospirosis wil. provide better understanding of the disease propagation for subsequent design of optimal.disease prevention measures, appropriate resource al.ocation, effective control.strategies, and necessary publ.c heal.h programs.

关键词： Human l.ptospirosis Typhoon Poisson distribution Phil.ppines

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Comparison of the Efficacy of Oral.Oxycodone and Oral.Codeine in the Treatment of Post-Craniotomy Pain—A Randomized, Doubl.-Bl.nd Trial

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Open Journal.of Anesthesiol.gy 2020年第3期10卷 80-88页

作者： Rui Min l.e beatrice C. l. l.m Chin Ted Chong Mandy P. P. l.m Department of Anaesthesiol.gy Intensive Care and Pain Medicine Tan Tock Seng Hospital Singapore

Background: Post-craniotomy pain has been reported to be moderate to severe. Management of post-craniotomy pain is often inadequate, yet l.mited by the side effects of opioids. We aim to find out the efficacy of oral.oxycodone as compared to oral.codeine for the treatment of post-craniotomy pain in our institution. Methods: A randomized, doubl.-bl.nded control.ed trial.was used to eval.ate the efficacy of oral.oxycodone versus oral.codeine. 40 patients were randomized to the control.group of codeine (n = 20) or the experimental.group receiving oxycodone (n = 20) in addition to regul.r oral.paracetamol.for both groups of patients. Resul.s: There was no difference in the visual.anal.gue scal. scores at 24 hours (2.78 versus 1.85, p = 0.11) or side effects in the oxycodone group compared with the codeine group. Concl.sions: Oral.oxycodone had simil.r efficacy as oral.codeine in the management of post-craniotomy pain.

关键词： Post-Craniotomy Pain Oxycodone Codeine

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HIV Infection in Pregnancy and the Risk of Gestational.Hypertension and Preecl.mpsia

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Worl. Journal.of Cardiovascul.r Diseases 2014年第5期4卷 257-267页

作者： beatrice l.ndi Val.ria Bezzeccheri Brunel.a Guerra Mariangel. Piemontese Francesca Cervi l.cia Cecchi El.onora Margarito Stefano R. Giannubil. Andrea Ciavattini Andrea l. Tranquil.i Dipartimento di Scienze Cl.niche Special.stiche Università Politecnica delle Marche Ancona Italy Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche Università di Bologna Bologna Italy Dipartimento Materno Infantil. AOU OORR Ancona Salesi Hospital Ancona Italy

The objective of this study was to eval.ate the association between HIV infection and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, comparing the rates of preecl.mpsia and gestational.hypertension in a HIV-infected pregnant group and in a HIV-negative control.pregnant group matched for age and parity. Furthermore, we aimed to compare the rates of hypertensive disorders in a subgroup of HIV-positive and HIV-negative African-American Bl.ck women. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective observational.cohort study conducted at two University Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecol.gy, Sal.si Hospital. Ancona, and Sant’Orsol. Hospital. Bol.gna. The HIV-infected patients’ group consisted of 126 pregnant women;140 HIV-negative pregnant women matched for age and parity served as control.. Gestational.hypertension and preecl.mpsia were diagnosed according to NHBPEP-ISSHP criteria. Categorical.data were anal.zed using the Fisher exact test. Statistical.significance was set at a p val.e l.s: Gestational.hypertension and preecl.mpsia were diagnosed in 3 of 126 HIV-positive patients (2.38%) and in 14 of 140 HIV-negative patients (10%), with a rel.tive risk of 0.24 (p = 0.0112). In the subgroup of African-American Bl.ck women, gestational.hypertension and preecl.mpsia were diagnosed in 2 out of 43 HIV-positive (4.7%) and in 3 out of 18 HIV-negative patients (16.7%) with a rel.tive risk of 0.28, not statistical.y significant (p = 0.1887). Concl.sion: Pregnant women with HIV infection seem to be protected against gestational.hypertension and preecl.mpsia and this protective effect remains al.o in a high risk popul.tion, such as African-American Bl.ck ethnic group. The effect is present independentl. from treatment received and virus copies. The l.ck of immune response present since the conception period shoul. account for unopposed trophobl.st invasion resul.ing in a better pl.centation.

关键词： Human Immunodeficiency Virus Preecl.mpsia Gestational Hypertension African Ethnic Group Immune Tol.rance

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Identification Key for &l.;i>Aspergil.us&l.;/i>Species Isol.ted from Maize and Soil.of Nandi County, Kenya

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Advances in Microbiol.gy 2015年第4期5卷 205-229页

作者： beatrice Wabusya Nyongesa Sheil. Okoth Vincent Ayugi beatrice Wabusya Nyongesa* Sheila Okoth Vincent Ayugi School.of Biol.gical.Sciences University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya

The aim of this study was to identify Aspergil.us species isol.ted from maize kernel. and soil. of maize fiel.s of Nandi County using macro and micro morphol.gical.characteristics. A cross sectional.research design was used in the study and purposive sampl.ng was empl.yed to determine districts of Nandi County and sub l.cations where sampl.ng was done. This study was part of a l.rger project whose aim was to survey afl.toxin exposure in the maize val.e chain. Aspergil.us species were isol.ted from maize and soil.sampl.s using quarter strength potato dextrose agar and modified Rose Bengal.agar respectivel.. Pure cul.ures of the isol.tes were sub cul.ured and transferred onto differential.media;mal. extract agar, czapek yeast extract agar and czapek dox agar for species identification using macro morphol.gical.characteristics. Fungal.sl.des were prepared from pure cul.ures on potato dextrose agar media after three days to identify micro morphol.gical.characteristics. Based on morphol.gical.characteristics, seven sections of Aspergil.us namel.: Fl.vi, Fumigati, Nigri, Circumdati, Cl.vati, Nidul.ntes and Candidi were identified. Aspergil.us section Fl.vi was the most predominant with 57% fol.owed by section Nigri with 27% from maize and 58% of section Fl.vi fol.owed by 26% of section Nigri from the soil.across the three l.cations. Aspergil.us sections Nidul.ntes and Candidi were rare and onl. recovered from the soil.sampl.s of Kaptumo l.cation. Al. the Aspergil.ius fl.vus that formed scl.rotia both from the soil. or maize kernel. were of the l.strains. In concl.sion Aspergil.us section Fl.vi was most frequent during the isol.tion process and dominated with Aspergil.us fl.vus from both the maize and soil. Morphol.gical.characteristics remain the primary tool.for detection and identification of Aspergil.us species. The significance for high incidence of Aspergil.us section Fl.vi is in regard to their afl.toxin production profil.s that poses a heal.h threat to the communit

关键词： Aspergil.us Morphol.gical Keys Maize Soil Nandi Kenya

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On Optimal.Sparse-Control.Probl.ms Governed by Jump-Diffusion Processes

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Appl.ed Mathematics 2016年第16期7卷 1978-2004页

作者： beatrice Gaviraghi Andreas Schindel. Mario Annunziato Al.io Borzì Institut für Mathematik Universit&auml t Würzburg Würzburg Germany Dipartimento di Matematica Università degli Studi di Salerno Fisciano (SA) Italy

A framework for the optimal.sparse-control.of the probabil.ty density function of a jump-diffusion process is presented. This framework is based on the partial.integro-differential.Fokker-Pl.nck (FP) equation that governs the time evol.tion of the probabil.ty density function of this process. In the stochastic process and, correspondingl., in the FP model.the control.function enters as a time-dependent coefficient. The objectives of the control.are to minimize a discrete-in-time, resp. continuous-in-time, tracking functional. and its l.- and l.-costs, where the l.tter is considered to promote control.sparsity. An efficient proximal.scheme for sol.ing these optimal.control.probl.ms is considered. Resul.s of numerical.experiments are presented to val.date the theoretical.resul.s and the computational.effectiveness of the proposed control.framework.

关键词： Jump-Diffusion Processes Partial.Integro-Differential.Fokker-Pl.nck Equation Optimal.Control.Theory Nonsmooth Optimization Proximal.Methods

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