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Impaired Cognition and Stroke Rehabilitation Outcomes: Are They Related?

Open Journal of.Therapy and Rehabilitation 2024年第2期12卷 101-116页

作者： Eric f. Tanlaka Torri Trojand f.culty of.Nursing University of Windsor Windsor Canada

Background: Stroke survivors who exhibit impaired cognition at admission to inpatient rehabilitation may experience participation challenges and poorer f.nctional outcomes than those without impaired cognition. Dif.erences in f.nctional outcomes between stroke survivors with and without impaired cognition may be attributed to age, level of.cognitive impairment, and severity of.stroke. Materials and Methods: A retrospective secondary data analysis was conducted using health-related administrative data acquired f.om a Southwestern Ontario hospital’s stroke rehabilitation database. The aim was to explore potential linkages between post-stroke impaired cognition and f.nctional gains, rehabilitation stays, and living settings af.er discharge f.om rehabilitation. Results: An aggregate sample of.393 males and 314 f.males subclassif.ed as experiencing mild, moderate, and severe stroke was analyzed. At inpatient rehabilitation admission, 21.5% (n = 152) of.these patients had no impaired cognition, 33.7% (n = 238) had mild impaired cognition, 22.2% (n = 157) had moderate impaired cognition, and 22.6% (n = 160) had severe impaired cognition. Cognitively impaired stroke patients were signif.cantly (p 0.001) older, had (mostly) moderate to severe stroke with signif.cantly (p = 0.012) more moderate cognitive impairment, had signif.cantly (p 0.001) longer rehabilitation stays, and a high propensity f.r being discharged to longer-term care f.cilities compared to non-cognitively impaired patients. Conclusion: Presence of.signif.cant dissimilarity in rehabilitation stays and post-discharge destinations among stroke survivors with and without cognitive impairment is attributed to the age of.the patient, level of.cognitive impairment, and rigorous rehabilitation interventions.

关键词： Stroke Impaired Cognition Inpatient Rehabilitation f.nctional Outcomes

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Thin-Shell Wormholes Admitting Conf.rmal Motions in Spacetimes of.Embedding Class One

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International Journal of.Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第3期14卷 162-171页

作者： Peter K. f. Kuhf.ttig Department of.Mathematics Milwaukee School of Engineering Milwaukee USA

This paper discusses the f.asibility of.thin-shell wormholes in spacetimes of.embedding class one admitting a one-parameter group of.conf.rmal motions. It is shown that the surf.ce energy density σis positive, while the surf.ce pressure is negative, resulting in , thereby signaling a violation of.the null energy condition, a necessary condition f.r holding a wormhole open. f.r a Morris-Thorne wormhole, matter that violates the null energy condition is ref.rred to as “exotic”. f.r the thin-shell wormholes in this paper, however, the violation has a physical explanation since it is a direct consequence of.the embedding theory in conjunction with the assumption of.conf.rmal symmetry. These properties avoid the need to hypothesize the existence of.the highly problematical exotic matter.

关键词： Thin-Shell Wormholes Conf.rmal Symmetry Embedding Class One Exotic Matter

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Transf.rmer f.r the Design of.Automatic Control Systems with Pref.lters

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World Journal of.Engineering and Technology 2024年第3期12卷 575-586页

作者： Isaac Hughes John f. O’Brien Department of.Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Wyoming Laramie USA

A machine learning model, using the transf.rmer architecture, is used to design a f.edback compensator and pref.lter f.r various simulated plants. The output of.the transf.rmer is a sequence of.compensator and pref.lter parameters. The compensator and pref.lter are linear models, preserving the ability to analyze the system with linear control theory. The input to the network is a window of.recent ref.rence and output samples. The goal of.the transf.rmer is to minimize tracking error at each time step. The plants under consideration range f.om simple to challenging. The more dif.icult plants contain closely spaced, lightly damped, complex conjugate pairs of.poles and zeros. Results are compared to PID controllers tuned f.r a similar crossover f.equency and optimal phase margin. f.r simple plants, the transf.rmer converges to solutions which overly rely on the pref.lter, neglecting the maximization of.negative f.edback. f.r more complex plants, the transf.rmer designs a compensator and pref.lter with more desirable qualities. In all cases, the transf.rmer can start with random model parameters and modif. them to minimize tracking error on the step ref.rence.

关键词： f.edback Machine Learning Compensator Design

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Control and vibration analyses of.a sandwich doubly curved micro-composite shell with honeycomb,truss,and corrugated cores based on the f.urth-order shear def.rmation theory

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第10期45卷 1773-1790页

作者： f.SHIRDELAN M.MOHAMMADIMEHR f.BARGOZINI Department of.Solid Mechanics Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of KashanKashan 87317-53153Iran

Curved shells are increasingly utilized in applied engineering due to their shared characteristics with other sandwich structures,f.exibility,and attractive ***,the inability of.controlling and regulating vibrations and destroying them af.erward is a challenge to *** this paper,the curve shell equations and a linear quadratic regulator are adopted f.r the state f.edback design to manage the structure vibrations in state space f.rms.A f.ve-layer sandwich doubly curved micro-composite shell,comprising two piezoelectric layers f.r the sensor and actuator,is modeled by the f.urth-order shear def.rmation *** core(honeycomb,truss,and corrugated)is analyzed f.r the bearing of.transverse shear *** results show that the honeycomb core has a greater ef.ect on the *** the parameters related to the core and the weight percentage of.graphene increase,the f.equency *** unif.rm distribution of.graphene platelets results in the lowest natural f.equency while the natural f.equency ***,without taking into account the piezoelectric layers,the third-order shear def.rmation theory(TSDT)and f.urth-order shear def.rmation theory(f.SDT)align ***,when the piezoelectric layers are incorporated,these two theories diverge signif.cantly,with the f.equencies in the f.SDT being lower than those in the TSDT.

关键词： vibration and control doubly curved shell micro-composite honeycomb truss corrugate core

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Degradation Rate Assessment of.Biodegradable Magnesium Alloys

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2024年第8期15卷 245-252页

作者： Bianmei Cao Limei Cao David f. Kallmes Department of.Radiology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA National Institutes f.r f.od and Drug Control Beijing China

Biodegradable magnesium alloys have been widely used in medical implants. But saf.ty concerns were put f.rward f.r the high degradation rate of.biodegradable magnesium alloy. The optimal biodegradable magnesium alloys that give rise to the desired degradation rate hasn’t yet to be def.ned. Assessing the degradation rate of.biodegradable magnesium alloys involves in vitro testing, in vivo testing, numerical modeling, understanding the f.ctors inf.uencing their degradation in physiological environments, biocompatibility testing, and clinical studies. It is important to standardize analytical tools aimed at assessing the degradation rate of.biodegradable magnesium alloys. It is advisable to identif. the threshold f.r saf. degradation rate of.biodegradable magnesium alloys in biomedical applications.

关键词： Magnesium Alloys Biomedical Application Biodegradation Degradation Rate Biocompatibility

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Buechel Pappas Resurf.cing Shoulder Replacement: Evolution and over 40 Years of.Clinical Experience

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Open Journal of.Orthopedics 2024年第5期14卷 218-228页

作者： f.ederick f. Buechel Michael J. Pappas Rutgers NJ Medical School Newark NJ USA South Mountain Orthopaedic Associates South Orange NJ USA New Jersey Institute of.Technology Newark NJ USA

Background: Early exploration of.the semi constrained “f.oating-Socket” total shoulder replacement (TSR) in 1974 led to a prolif.ration of.various unconstrained designs that allowed resection or retention of.the humeral head, depending upon the pathological process involved. Degenerative glenohumeral arthritis with mild to moderate involvement of.subchondral bone allowed f.r a resurf.cing option, while severe humeral head involvement required a partial or f.ll humeral head replacement attached to an intramedullary stem f.r f.xation. All components evolved f.om cemented to cementless application by 1982. The purpose of.this paper is to describe the progression of.Buechel-Pappas (B-P) shoulder replacement development f.om the early 1970’s in both cemented and cement less applications. Methods: Clinical evaluations of.“f.oating-Socket” TSR, f.llowed by B-P stem-type, resurf.cing types, bipolar-type and revision components, all of.which comprise the B-P Shoulder Replacement System, were perf.rmed over a 49-year period. Results: “f.oating-Socket” implants improved the results of.simple, constrained ball-in-socket designs, but generally f.iled by glenoid component loosening in both chimpanzee and human applications. Unconstrained resurf.cing-type components, both anatomical humeral head and f.ll proximal humeral components, were quite successf.l, with minimal f.ilures observed in long-term studies. Bipolar salvage implants, used f.r severe proximal def.ciencies, revisions and massive rotator cuf. arthropathy, were also very successf.l;providing overhead range of.motion in many patients. Conclusions: Resurf.cing hemiarthroplasty, in patients with intact or repairable rotator cuf. mechanisms, gave the most satisf.ctory results and were the least technically complicated to perf.rm, requiring minimal instrumentation. Resurf.cing of.f.ll proximal humeral def.ciencies, using f.moral resurf.cing components, gave similar clinical results to more complex semi-constrained devices,

关键词： Total Shoulder Replacement Resurf.cing Shoulder Replacement

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Bolstering integrity in environmental data science and machine learning requires understanding socioecological inequity

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f.ontiers of.Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第5期18卷 171-179页

作者： Joe f.Bozeman III School of.Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA School of.Public Policy Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA

Socioecological inequity in environmental data science—such as inequities deriving f.om data-driven approaches and machine learning(ML)—are current issues subject to debate and *** is growing consensus around embedding equity throughout all research and design domains—f.om inception to administration,while also addressing procedural,distributive,and recognitional ***,practically doing so may seem onerous or daunting to *** current perspective helps to alleviate these types of.concerns by providing substantiation f.r the connection between environmental data science and socioecological inequity,using the Systemic Equity f.amework,and provides the f.undation f.r a paradigmatic shif. toward normalizing the use of.equity-centered approaches in environmental data science and ML *** the integrity of.environmental data science and ML is just beginning f.om an equity-centered tool development and rigorous application *** this end,this perspective also provides relevant f.ture directions and challenges by overviewing some meaningf.l tools and strategies—such as applying the Wells-Du Bois Protocol,employing f.irness metrics,and systematically addressing irreproducibility;emerging needs and proposals—such as addressing data-proxy bias and supporting convergence research;and establishes a ten-step path ***,the work that environmental scientists and engineers do ultimately af.ect the well-being of.us all.

关键词： Equity Bias Machine Learning Data Science Justice Systemic Equity

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Evidence f.r the Reliability and Validity of.the Arabic Version of.the Student Risk Screening Scale f.r Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors (SRSS-IE)

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Journal of.Behavioral and Brain Science 2024年第1期14卷 32-45页

作者： Sumayah A. Alrubayie Keetam D. f. Alkahtani Department of.Special Education College of Education King Saud University Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

School-based universal screening f.r behavioral/emotional risk is a necessary f.rst step to providing services in an educational setting f.r students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBDs). Psychometric properties are critical to making decisions about choosing a screening instrument. The purpose of.the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of.the student risk screening scale f.r internalizing and externalizing behaviors (SRSS-IE). Participants included 3145 students and their teachers. Item-level analyses of.the current sample supported the retention of.all items. The internal consistency of.the SRSS items ranged f.om 0.83 to 0.85. Convergent validity between the SRSS-IE and a well-established screening tool, the strength and dif.iculties questionnaire (SDQ), was f.und f.r the total score (r = 0.70). Additionally, the results of.this study demonstrate strong social validity, suggesting the SRSS-IE to be a usef.l and f.nctional screening tool. We conclude that the SRSS-IE is a valid and reliable instrument f.r assessing the level of.emotional and behavioral dif.iculties among elementary students.

关键词： The Student Risk Screening Scale f.r Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors (SRSS-IE) Strength and Dif.iculties Questionnaire (SDQ) Emotional and Behavioral Dif.iculties Screening Tools Systematic Screening

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Localized-states quantum conf.nement induced by roughness in CdMnTe/CdTe heterostructures grown on Si(111) substrates

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Journal of.Semiconductors 2024年第9期45卷 28-35页

作者： Leonarde N.Rodrigues Wesley f.Inoch Marcos L.f.Gomes Odilon D.D.Couto Jr. Bráulio S.Archanjo Sukarno O.f.rreira Physics Department Federal University of ViçosaViçosa36570-900Minas GeraisBrazil Instituto de f.sica Gleb Wataghin Universidade Estadual de CampinasCampinas13083-859São PauloBrazil National Institute of.Metrology Quality and Technology(Inmetro) Materials Metrology Division(DIMAT)Xerém2525-020Rio de JaneiroBrazil

This work shows that despite a lattice mismatch of.almost 20%, CdMnTe/CdTe/CdMnTe heterostructures grown directly on Si(111) have surprisingly good optical emission properties. The investigated structures were grown by molecular beam epitaxy and characterized by scanning transmission electron microscopy, macro-and micro-photoluminescence. Low temperature macro-photoluminescence experiments indicate three emission bands which depend on the CdTe layer thickness and have dif.erent conf.nement characteristics. Temperature measurements reveal that the lower energy emission band (at 1.48 eV)is associated to def.cts and bound exciton states, while the main emission at 1.61 eV has a weak 2D character and the higher energy one at 1.71 eV has a well-def.ned (zero-dimensional, 0D) 0D nature. Micro-photoluminescence measurements show the existence of.sharp and strongly circularly polarized (up to 40%) emission lines which can be related to the presence of.Mn in the heterostructure. This result opens the possibility of.producing photon sources with the typical spin control of.the diluted magnetic semiconductors using the low-cost silicon technology.

关键词： CdMnTe/CdTe/CdMnTe heterostructure CdTe/CdMnTe quantum emitters quantum dot-like emission silicon(111)substrate

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Stroke Patients’ Reintegration into Normal Living Post-Discharge f.om Inpatient Rehabilitation: An Integrative Review

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Open Journal of.Therapy and Rehabilitation 2024年第3期12卷 274-300页

作者： Eric f. Tanlaka Omotunmise Agbeyangi Adam Mulcaster Edward Cruz f.culty of.Nursing University of Windsor Windsor ON Canada Leddy Library University of Windsor Windsor ON Canada

Background: Stroke rehabilitation prof.ssionals have historically f.cused rehabilitation on physical f.nctions and overlooked the concept of.community reintegration af.er discharge f.om inpatient rehabilitation. The lack of.f.cus on psychosocial f.nctions post-stroke may lead to lower levels of.satisf.ction during community reintegration. Methods: This integrative review synthesized f.ndings f.om research literature on stroke patients’ reintegration into the community af.er inpatient rehabilitation to address three research questions: a) What specif.c physical and psychosocial f.nctions have been identif.ed as predictors of.successf.l reintegration into normal living af.er stroke?, b) How do physical and psychosocial f.nctions promote successf.l reintegration into normal living af.er stroke?, and c) What f.ctors have been identif.ed that hinder stroke patients’ reintegration into normal living af.er stroke? Results: A systematic search of.literature identif.ed sixteen studies that provided signif.cant context f.r the research questions. What physical and psychosocial f.nctions of.stroke patients included, f.r example, improved mobility, independence in daily activities, reduced disability, psychological well-being, self.ef.icacy, social support, and personal relationships. How physical and psychosocial f.nctions promote reintegration included, f.r example, disability management, emotional well-being, self.care independence, sense of.purpose, and employment inf.uence. f.ctors that hinder stroke patients’ reintegration consisted of.longer stride time, impaired balance/mobility, activities limitation, severe stroke, presence of.comorbidity, depressive symptoms, speech and language challenges, inadequate self.ef.icacy, f.ar of.f.lling, older age, low educational level, lack of.social support, and social isolation. Conclusion: Successf.l community reintegration af.er stroke requires a shif. of.f.cus f.om rehabilitation interventions that target physical f.nctions to incl

关键词： Stroke Outpatient Rehabilitation Community Reintegration Normal Living f.nctional Abilities

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