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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2012年第2期2卷 273-277页

作者： Ioannis Vagelas Stefanos Leontopoulos barbara pembroke Simon Gowen Department of Plant Production Technological Educational Institute of Larissa Larissa 4111 O Greece School of Agriculture Policy and Development University of Reading Earley Gate Reading RG6 6AR UK

Pasteuria penetrans controls root knots nematodes （Meloidogyne spp.） either by preventing invasion or by causing female sterility. The greatest control effect ofP. penetrans occurred when an efficient quantity ofP. penetrans spores attached to nematodes cuticle. The number of spores attaching to J2s within a given time increased with increasing the time of attachment. Based to that, we produced attachment data in vitro recorded encumbered nematodes 1, 3, 6 and 9 h after placing nematodes in a standard P. penetrans spore suspensions. From the count data obtained we modeled P. penetrans attachment using the Poisson and the negative binomial distribution. Attachment count data observed to be over dispersed with respect to high numbers of spores sticks on each J2 after at 6 and 9 h after spores application. We concluded that negative binomial distribution was shown to be the most appropriate model to fit the observed data sets considering that P. penetrans spores are clumped.

关键词： Negative binomial Poisson modeling Pasteuriapenetrans.

Development of Pasteuria penetrans in Meloidogyne javanica females as affected by constantly high vs fluctuating temperature in an in-vivo system

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2005年第3期6卷 155-157页

作者： DARBAN D.A. GOWEN S.R pembroke B. MAHAR A.N Department of Agriculture School of Agriculture Policy and Development The University of Reading UK Department of Agriculture School of Agriculture Policy and Development The University of Reading UKDepartment of Agriculture School of Agriculture Policy and Development The University of Reading UKDepartment of Agriculture School of Agriculture Policy and Development The University of Reading UK

Growth room and glasshouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of constant and fluctuating tem- peratures on the development of Pasteuria penetrans a hyperparasite of root-knot nematodes. Tomato plants (Lycopersicon es- culentum Mill) were inoculated with Meloidogyne javanica second-stage juveniles attached with endospores of P. penetrans and were grown in growth room at 26?29 °C and in glasshouse at 20?32 °C. The tomato plants were sampled from the growth room after 600 degree-days based on 17 °C/d, accumulating each day above a base temperature of 10 °C and from the glasshouse after 36 calendar days. Temperature affected the development of P. penetrans directly. The rate of development at constant temperature in growth room was faster than that in the glasshouse at fluctuating temperatures.

关键词： Pasteuria penetrans Meloidogyne javanica Development and tomato plants

Effect of anchor and functional groups in functionalized graphene devices

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Nano Research 2013年第2期6卷 138-148页

作者： Elvira pembroke Gedeng Ruan Alexander Sinitskii David A. Corley Zheng Yan Zhengzong Sun James M. Tour Departments of Chemistry Rice University MS 222 6100 Main Street Houston Texas 77005 USA Computer Science Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and the Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology Rice University MS 222 6100 Main Street Houston Texas 77005 USA

The electrical properties of chemically derived graphene and graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition （CVD）, until now, have been inferior to those of mechanically exfoliated graphene. However, because graphene is easier to produce in large quantities through CVD or growth from solid carbon sources, it has a higher potential for use in future electronics applications. Generally, modifications to the pristine lattice structure of graphene tend to adversely affect the electrical properties by shifting the doping level and changing the conductivity and the mobility. Here we show that a small degree of graphene surface functionalization, using diazonium salts with electron-withdrawing and electron-donating functional groups, is sufficient to predominantly induce p-type doping, undiminished mobility, and higher conductivity at the neutrality point. Molecules without a diazonium anchor group desorb easily and do not have a significant effect on the electronic properties of graphene devices. We further demonstrate the variability between identically fabricated pristine devices, thereby underscoring the caution needed when characterizing graphene device behaviors lest conclusions be drawn based on singular extremes.

关键词： chemical vapor deposition graphene diazonium functionali zation neutrality point

TIME-RESOLVED IMPEDANCE RESPONSE OF GUILLOTINEDALUMINIUM UNDER GALVANOSTATIC POLARISATION

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 1997年第4期10卷 297-303页

作者： C.Liu and G. T. Burstein(Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, pembroke Street, CambridgeCB2 3QZ, United Kingdom) Univ of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom

Transient repassivation of freshly generated aluminiutn surface is monitored by using time-resolved frequency response spectroscopy. Information relating to the anodic film formation as well as the cathodic evolution of hydrogen on the metal surace is obtained as function of repassivation time and applied constant current. Pronounced effects of anodic and cathodic applied curmnts on the time-resolved impedance spectroscopy support a previous model which suggests that the low frequtncy RC time constants are due to the anodic film growth and the high Asquency one to the cathodic charpetrensfer or clectron transfer process occuwtng simultaneously on the electrode surace.

关键词： aluminium time-resolved impedance,repassivation bare metal surface

Preliminary Study on Aluminium-based Nanophase Composites Al_(88)Ni_(10)Y_2 and Al_(88)Ni_8Y_4

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 1996年第1期12卷 1-6页

作者： Z. C.Zhong and A.L. Greer(Dept. of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK) Dept. of Materials Science and Metallurgy University of Cambridge Pembroke Street Cambridge CB2 3QZ United Kingdom

A new kind of aluminium-based alloy part amorphous/part crystalline, can be produced directlyby rapid quenching of the liquid. These materials have a novel structure of nanometer-sizedcrystals in an amorphous matrix and quite remarkable mechanical properties. The materialscan be considered to be nanophase composites. In this work Al88Ni10Y2 and Al88Ni8Y4 (atpct) nanophase composites consisting of a nanoscale dispersion of fcc-Al crystallites uniformlydispersed in an amorphous matrix, have been produced by melt-spinning. They have much highermicrohardness HV than fully amorphous alloys with the same composition. while retaining goodbending ductility The volume fraction, crystallite size and distribution of the fcc-Al phase havebeen estimated by DSC. X-ray diffraction and TEM. lt is found that the microstructure andproperties of the nanophase composites are very sensitive to the composition and the quenchingconditions. lncreasing the Y contedt and decreasing the Ni content at a given Al content givesmuch smaller dispersed nanophase aluminium crystallites. The volume fraction and crystallitesize of the fcc-Al phase increase with a decrease of wheel speed (quenching rate). The effectsof Y and Ni contents on the ease of formaticn of the nanophase composites are discussed. Theorigins of the novel mechanical properties are also considered.

关键词： Ni8Y4 Figure Y2 and Al

Rising incidence,progression and changing patterns of liver disease in Wales 1999-2019

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World Journal of Hepatology 2023年第1期15卷 89-106页

作者： Thomas Peter Ignatius pembroke Gareth John Berry Puyk Keith Howkins Ruth Clarke Fidan Yousuf Marek Czajkowski Andrew Godkin Jane Salmon Andrew Yeoman Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospital of WalesCardiff CF144XNUnited Kingdom Division of Infection and Immunity Cardiff UniversityCardiff CF144XWUnited Kingdom Digital Health and Care Wales NHS WalesCardiff CF119ADUnited Kingdom Gwent Liver Unit Royal Gwent HospitalNewport NP202UBUnited Kingdom Public Health Wales NHS WalesCardiff CF104BZUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Liver disease incidence and hence demand on hepatology services is *** To describe trends in incidence and natural history of liver diseases in Wales to inform effective provision of hepatology *** The registry is populated by International Classification of Diseases-10(ICD-10)code diagnoses for residents derived from mortality data and inpatient/day case activity between ***-anonymised linkage of:(1)Causative diagnoses;(2)Cirrhosis;(3)Portal hypertension;(4)Decompensation;and(5)Liver cancer diagnoses enabled tracking liver disease *** The population of Wales in 2019 was 3.1 *** 1999 and 201973054 individuals were diagnosed with a hepatic disorder,including 18633 diagnosed with cirrhosis,10965 with liver decompensation and 2316 with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Over 21 years the incidence of liver diseases increased 3.6 fold,predominantly driven by a 10 fold increase in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD);the leading cause of liver disease from *** incidence of cirrhosis,decompensation,HCC,and allcause mortality ***-related mortality ***-related liver disease(ArLD),autoimmune liver disease and congestive hepatopathy were associated with the highest rates of decompensation and all-cause *** A 10 fold increase in NAFLD incidence is driving a 3.6 fold increase in liver disease in Wales over 21 ***-related morbidity and mortality rose more slowly reflecting the lower progression rate in *** of ArLD remained stable but was associated with the highest rates of liver-related and all-cause mortality.

关键词： Epidemiology Cirrhosis Liver failure Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease hepatitis Hepatocellular carcinoma

LOCALISED DEPASSIVATION OF TITANIUM IN VITRO

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 1997年第2期10卷 79-87页

作者： C. Liu and G. T. Burstein(Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, pembroke Street, CambridgeCB2 3QZ, UK)

Highly localized and minute depassivation events are recorded using 50μm diametertitanium microelectrode in Ringer's physiological solution. These transient events are believed to be due to microscopic breakdown of passivity and occur well below the pitting potential of the metal. A mechanism is proposed to explain the observed *** implications on passivity and the application of metallic biomaterials in vivo are also discussed.

关键词： passivity titanium physiological solution microelectrode

Metallurgy, the Father of Materials Science

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2002年第1期7卷 1-5页

作者： Robert W. CahnDepartment of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Cambridge University, pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK Department of Metallurgy and Materials Science Cambridge University Pembroke Street Cambridge CB2 3QZ UK

The evolution of the discipline of materials science during the second half of the twentieth century is outlined. The concept emerged in the USA, almost simultaneously in an academic metallurgy department and in an avant garde industrial research laboratory, and its development subsequently all over the world has been a joint enterprise involving universities, industrial laboratories and government establishments. The initial impetus came unambiguously from the well established discipline of physical metallurgy, but from the 1960s onwards, the input from solid state physicists grew very rapidly, while materials chemistry is a later addition. Of all the many subdivisions of modern materials science, polymer science has been the slowest to fit under the umbrella of the broad discipline; its concepts are very different from those familiar to metallurgists. Two fields have contributed mightily to the creation of modern materials science: One is nuclear energy and, more specifically, the study of radiation damage, the other is the huge field of electronic and opto electronic materials in which physics, chemistry and metallurgy are seamlessly combined. 

关键词： materials science physical metallurgy disciplinary evolution polymer science electronic materials radiation damage

Laser Ablated Superconducting and Related Thin Films:A Microscopical Investigation

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Rare Metals 1993年第4期12卷 271-274页

作者：沙维 Department of Materials Imperial CollegePrince Consort RoadLondon SW7 2BPEngland

Laser ablated high temperature superconducting and related thin films are investigated with a microscopical point of *** microstructure and microchemistry of three thin films(Y-Ba-Cu-O, Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O and Sr-Ca-Cu-O... 详细信息

关键词： Laser ablation Superconducting thin film Microscopy

Farmer Participatory Evaluation of Nursery Bed Treatments for the Control of Root-Knot Nematodes [Meloidogynejavanica （Treub） Chitwood and Meloidogyne incognita （Kofoid and White） Chitwood] in Smallholder Farms in Kenya

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2011年第5期1卷 647-662页

作者： D. K. Karanja S. R. Gowen B. Ndung u R. O. Musebe S. Simons A McLeod B. R. Kerry P. K. Karanja B. pembroke CAB International P.O. Box 633-00621 Nairobi Kenya School of Agriculture Policy and Development University of Reading Reading RG6 6dR Berkshire UK Kenya Agricultural Research Institute - National Horticultural Research Centre P.O. Box 220-01000 Thika Kenya Rothamsted Research Harpenden Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ UK

Root-knot nematodes （Meloidogvne spp.） constrain the production of high value vegetable crops, such as tomato, on smallholder farms in Kenya. For several years, control of root-knot nematodes largely depended on the use of synthetic nematicides, most of which have been banned due to their toxicity to humans and the environment. Farmer-participatory trials were established, for two consecutive growing seasons on farmers＇ fields infested with root-knot nematodes （A4eloidogvne javanica and Meloidogyne incognita）, at two sites in central Kenya （Maragua and Kirinyaga districts）, representing two contrasting group of farmers （low-input and high-input）. The trials aimed at evaluating the potential of using biological control agents （BCAs）, i.e. Poehonia ehlamydosporia and Pasteuria penetrans, antagonistic plants （Crotalaria grahamiana and Tagetes minuta）, ＂＇trash burning＂ and chemical control （dazomet 98% = Basamid~ Granular） in the management of root-knot nematodes in tomato nursery beds, and quantify the associated net benefits, compared to an untreated control. Crotalaria grahamiana, ＂trash burning＂ and dazomet, significantly （P 〈 0.05） reduced the number of second-stage juveniles （J2s） of the root-knot nematodes in the soil in nursery beds during the first season at Karigui-ini, but there was no significant （P 〉 0.05） increase in yield after transplanting tomato seedlings from the respective treatment. Similarly, one of the BCAs （P. ehlamydosporia）, was effectively transferred to the field with seedlings from the BCA-treated nursery beds, but there was no significant （P 〉 0.05） increase in yield due to slow proliferation of the BCA, after transplanting. Participatory partial budgets were successfully developed with srnallholder farmers, and proved to be a vital tool in making informed decisions on management options for root-knot nematodes. In general, labour was considered by all farmers as the major input that contributed to the overall additional cost of the differe

关键词： Integrated pest management nematode control biological control Pochonia chlamydosporia Pasteuria penetrans botanical nematicides.