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Depicting the battle between nectarine and Monilinia laxa:the fruit developmental stage dictates the effectiveness of the host defenses and the pathogen’s infection strategies

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 619-633页

作者： Marta Balsells-Llauradó Christian j.Silva josep Usall Núria Vall-llaura Sandra Serrano-Prieto Neus Teixidó Saskia D.Mesquida-Pesci Antonieta de Cal barbara Blanco-Ulate Rosario Torres IRTA XaRTA-PostharvestEdifici FruitcentreParc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida25003 LleidaCataloniaSpain Department of Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaDavisDavisCA 95616USA Department of Plant Protection INIACtra.de La Coruña Km.728040 MadridCommunity of MadridSpain

Infections by the fungus Monilinia laxa,the main cause of brown rot in Europe,result in considerable losses of stone ***,we present a comprehensive transcriptomic approach to unravel strategies deployed by nectarine fruit and *** during their *** used ***-inoculated immature and mature fruit,which was resistant and susceptible to brown rot,respectively,to perform a dual RNA-Seq *** immature fruit,host responses,pathogen biomass,and pathogen transcriptional activity peaked at 14–24 h post inoculation(hpi),at which point *** appeared to switch its transcriptional response to either quiescence or *** fruit experienced an exponential increase in host and pathogen activity beginning at 6 *** analyses in both host and pathogen highlighted differences in stage-dependent *** example,in immature fruit,*** unsuccessfully employed carbohydrate-active enzymes(CAZymes)for penetration,which the fruit was able to combat with tightly regulated hormone responses and an oxidative burst that challenged the pathogen’s survival at later time *** contrast,in mature fruit,*** was more dependent on proteolytic effectors than CAZymes,and was able to invest in filamentous growth early during the *** analyses of mature fruit infected with *** indicated that,while jasmonic acid activity was likely useful for defense,high ethylene activity may have promoted susceptibility through the induction of ripening ***,we identified *** genes that were highly induced in both quiescent and active infections and may serve as targets for control of brown rot.

关键词： fruit pathogen strategies

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Engineering Microneedle Patches for Improved Penetration:Analysis,Skin Models and Factors Affecting Needle Insertion

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Nano-Micro Letters 2021年第6期13卷 190-230页

作者： Pooyan Makvandi Melissa Kirkby Aaron RjHutton Majid Shabani Cynthia K.Y.Yiu Zahra Baghbantaraghdari Rezvan jamaledin Marco Carlotti barbara Mazzolai Virgilio Mattoli Ryan F.Donnelly Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia Centre for Materials InterfaceViale Rinaldo Piaggio 3456025 PontederaPisaItaly School of Pharmacy Queen’s University Belfast97 Lisburn RoadBelfast BT97BLUK The BioRobotics Institute Scuola Superiore Sant’AnnaViale Rinaldo Piaggio 3456025 PontederaPisaItaly Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Faculty of DentistryThe University of Hong KongPrince Philip Dental HospitalHong Kong SARChina Department of Chemical Materials and Industrial Production EngineeringUniversity of Naples FedericoⅡ80125 NaplesItaly Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care(iit@CRIB) Italian Institute of Technology80125 NaplesItaly

Transdermal microneedle(MN)patches are a promising tool used to transport a wide variety of active compounds into the *** serve as a substitute for common hypodermic needles,MNs must pierce the human stratum corneum(~10 to 20μm),without rupturing or bending during *** ensures that the cargo is released at the predetermined place and ***,the ability of MN patches to sufficiently pierce the skin is a crucial *** the current review,the pain signal and its management during application of MNs and typical hypodermic needles are presented and *** is followed by a discussion on mechanical analysis and skin models used for insertion tests before application to clinical *** that affect insertion(e.g.,geometry,material composition and cross-linking of MNs),along with recent advancements in developed strategies(e.g.,insertion responsive patches and 3D printed biomimetic MNs using two-photon lithography)to improve the skin penetration are highlighted to provide a backdrop for future research.

关键词： Insertion responsive Implantable microneedles Skin indentation Transdermal microneedles Pain management

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Dose-response relationship of lung cancer to amount smoked, duration and age starting

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World journal of Meta-Analysis 2013年第2期1卷 57-77页

作者： john S Fry Peter N Lee barbara A Forey Katharine j Coombs PN Lee Statistics and Computing Ltd.

AIM： To quantify smoking/lung cancer relationships accurately using parametric modelling.METHODS： Using the International Epidemiological Studies on Smoking and Lung Cancer database of all epidemiological studies of 100＋ lung cancer cases published before 2000, we analyzed 97 blocks of data for amount smoked, 35 for duration of smoking, and 27 for age started. Pseudo-numbers of cases and controls （or at risk） estimated from RRs by dose level formed the data modelled. We fitted various models relating loge RR to dose （d）, including βd, βdY and βloge （1 ＋ Wd）, and investigated goodness-of-fit and heterogeneity between studies.0.833 loge [1 ＋（8.1c/10）] for cigarettes/d （c）, 0.792 （y/10）0.74 for years smoked （y） and 0.176 [（70 - a）/10]1.44 for age of start （a）. Each model fitted well overall, though some blocks misfitted. RRs rose from 3.86 to 22.31 between c = 10 and 50, from 2.21 to 13.54 be-tween y = 10 and 50, and from 3.66 to 8.94 between a = 30 and 12.5. Heterogeneity （P 〈 0.001） existed by continent for amount, RRs for 50 cigarettes/d being 7.23 （Asia）, 26.36 （North America） and 22.16 （Europe）. Little heterogeneity was seen for duration of smoking or age ***： The models describe the dose-relation-ships well, though may be biased by factors including misclassification of smoking status and dose.

关键词： Smoking Lung neoplasms Dose-response Meta-analysis Review Amount smoked Duration of smoking Age at starting to smoke

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Uprooting phylogenetic uncertainty in coalescent species delimitation： A meta-analysis of empirical studies

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Current Zoology 2015年第5期61卷 866-873页

作者： Itzue W. C AVIEDES-SOLIS Nassima M. BOUZID barbara L. BANBURY Adam D. LEACHE Department of Biology University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA

Phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies rely on the accurate quantification of biodiversity. In recent studies of taxonomically ambiguous groups, species boundaries are often determined based on multi-locus sequence data. Bayesian Phylogenetics and Phylogeography （BPP） is a coalescent-based method frequently used to delimit species; however, empirical studies suggest that the requirement of a user-specified guide tree biases the range of possible outcomes. We evaluate fifteen multi-locus datasets using the most recent iteration of BPP, which eliminates the need for a user-specified guide tree and reconstructs the species tree in synchrony with species delimitation （= unguided species delimitation）. We found that the number of species recovered with guided versus unguided species delimitation was the same except for two cases, and that posterior probabilities were generally lower for the unguided analyses as a result of searching across species trees in addition to species delimitation models. The guide trees used in previous studies were often discordant with the species tree topologies estimated by BPP. We also compared species trees estimated using BPP and ＊BEAST and found that when the topologies are the same, BPP tends to give higher posterior probabilities [Current Zoology 61 （5）： 866-873, 2015].

关键词： BPP Species delimitation Phylogeography Species tree

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Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and heart disease:A systematic review

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World journal of Meta-Analysis 2017年第2期5卷 14-40页

作者： Peter N Lee barbara A Forey jan S Hamling Alison j Thornton P.N.Lee Statistics and Computing Ltd. Independent Consultant in Statistics

AIM To review evidence relating passive smoking to heart disease risk in never smokers. METHODS Epidemiological studies were identified providing estimates of relative risk(RR) of ischaemic heart disease and 95%CI for never smokers for various indices of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke(ETS). "Never smokers" could include those with a minimal smoking experience. The database set up included the RRs and other study details. Unadjusted and confounderadjusted RRs were entered, derived where necessary using standard methods. The fixed-effect and randomeffects meta-analyses conducted for each exposure index included tests for heterogeneity and publication bias. For the main index(ever smoking by the spouse or nearest equivalent, and preferring adjusted to unadjusted data), analyses investigated variation in the RR by sex, continent, period of publication, number of cases, study design, extent of confounder adjustment, availability of dose-response results and biomarkerdata, use of proxy respondents, definitions of exposure and of never smoker, and aspects of disease definition. Sensitivity analyses were also run, preferring current to ever smoking, or unadjusted to adjusted estimates, or excluding certain *** Fifty-eight studies were identified, 20 in North America, 19 in Europe, 11 in Asia, seven in other countries, and one in 52 countries. Twenty-six were prospective, 22 case-control and 10 cross-sectional. Thirteen included 100 cases or fewer, and 11 more than 1000. For the main index, 75 heterogeneous(P justed to adjusted RRs, or RRs for current ETS exposure to those for ever exposure. Estimates for each level of each factor considered consistently exceeded 1.00. However, univariate analyses revealed significant(P < 0.001) variation for some factors. Thus RRs were lower for males, and in North American, larger and prospecti

关键词： Passive smoking Heart disease Dose-response Meta-Analysis Review

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Apolipoprotein E variants correlate with the clinical presentation of paediatric inflammatory bowel disease:A cross-sectional study

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第14期27卷 1483-1496页

作者： Aleksandra Glapa-Nowak Mariusz Szczepanik barbara Iwańczak jarosław Kwiecień Anna barbara Szaflarska-Popławska Urszula Grzybowska-Chlebowczyk Marcin Osiecki Marcin Dziekiewicz Andrzej Stawarski jarosław Kierkuś Tomasz Banasiewicz Aleksandra Banaszkiewicz jarosław Walkowiak Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases PoznańUniversity of Medical SciencesPoznań60-572Poland Department of Pediatrics Medical University of WroclawWroclaw 50-369Poland Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medical Sciences in ZabrzeMedical University of SilesiaZabrze 41-800Poland Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medical SciencesMedical University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice 40-752Poland Department of Gastroenterology HepatologyFeeding Disorders and PaediatricsThe Children’s Memorial Health InstituteWarsaw 04-730Poland Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Medical University of WarsawWarsaw 02-091Poland Department and Clinic of Pediatrics Gastroenterology and NutritionWroclaw Medical UniversityWroclaw 50-369Poland Chair and Department of General Surgery Gastroenterological Surgical Oncology and Plastic SurgeryPoznańUniversity of Medical SciencesPoznań60-355Poland

BACKGROUND It has been suggested that apolipoprotein E(APOE)polymorphisms are associated with the risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)and the early age of disease ***,there are no reports regarding the relationship with clinical characteristics and disease *** To summarise that APOE polymorphisms are associated with the risk of developing IBD and the early age of disease *** In total,406 patients aged 3-18 with IBD(192 had ulcerative colitis and 214 had Crohn’s disease)were genotyped using the TaqMan hydrolysis probe *** expression was described at diagnosis and the worst flare by disease activity scales,albumin and C-reactive protein levels,localisation and behaviour(Paris classification).Systemic steroid intake with the total number of courses,immunosuppressive,biological,and surgical treatment with the time and age of the first intervention were *** total number of exacerbation-caused hospitalisations,the number of days spent in hospital due to exacerbation,the number of relapses,and severe relapses were also *** Ulcerative colitis patients with the APOEε4 allele had lower C-reactive protein values at diagnosis(P=0.0435)and the worst flare(P=0.0013)compared to patients with the APOEε2 allele and genotype APOEε3/ε***’s disease patients with the APOEε2 allele scored lower on the Pediatric Crohn’s Disease Activity Index at diagnosis(P=0.0204).IBD patients with APOEε2 allele spent fewer days in the hospital due to relapse(P=0.0440).CONCLUSION APOE polymorphisms are associated with the risk of developing IBD and the clinical expression of ***,the clinical relevance of the differences identified is rather modest.

关键词： Apolipoprotein E polymorphism Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis Immunosuppression Surgery Disease severity

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读心的机器

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作者： (英)barbara j. Sahakian，julia Gottwald

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“Dietary fibre”: moving beyond the “soluble/insoluble” classification for monogastric nutrition, with an emphasis on humans and pigs

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第3期10卷 590-600页

作者： barbara A.Williams Deirdre Mikkelsen Bernadine M.Flanagan Michael j.Gidley The University of Queensland QAAFI Centre for Nutrition and Food SciencesSt. Lucia campus

This review describes dietary fibres originating from a range of foods,particularly in relation to their plant cell *** explores the categorization of dietary fibres into "soluble" or "insoluble".It also emphasizes dietary fibre fermentability,in terms of describing how the gastro-intestinal tract(GIT) microbiota respond to a selection of fibres from these *** is categorized into cereals,legumes,fruits and *** is also made of example whole foods and why differences in physico-chemical characteristics between "purified" and "non-purified"food components are important in terms of ***,recommendations are made as to how dietary fibre could be classified differently,in relation to its functionality in terms of fermentability,rather than only its solubility.

关键词： Cereal grains Dietary fibre Fruits Large intestinal fermentation Legumes Microbial activity Microbiota Plant cell walls Short-chain fatty acids Vegetables

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Financial and managerial accounting :information for decisions

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2005年

作者： john j. Wild Kermit D. Larson barbara Chiappetta

"Volume 1 chapters 1-11, Volume 2 chapters 12-21."

ISBN: (数字)0073044350

ISBN: (纸本)9780073046846

"Volume 1 chapters 1-11, Volume 2 chapters 12-21."

关键词： Accounting.

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Impact of diabetes mellitus on risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: Evidence on health outcomes and antidiabetic treatment in United States adults

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World journal of Diabetes 2016年第18期7卷 449-461页

作者： Longjian Liu barbara Simon jinggaofu Shi Arshpreet Kaur Mallhi Howard j Eisen Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health Division of Endocrinology Drexel University College of Medicine Division of Cardiology Drexel University College of Medicine

AIMTo examine the epidemic of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its impact on mortality from all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD), and to test the effect of antidiabetic therapy on the mortality in United States adults. METHODS The analysis included a randomized population sample of 272149 subjects ages ≥ 18 years who participated in the National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS) in2000-2009. Chronic conditions (hypertension, DM and CVD) were classified by participants’ self-reports of physician diagnosis. NHIS-Mortality Linked Files, and NHIS-Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Linkage Fileson prescribed medicines for patients with DM were used to test the research questions. χ 2, Poisson and Cox’s regression models were applied in data *** Of all participants, 22305 (8.2%) had DM. The prevalence of DM significantly increased from 2000 to 2009 in all age groups (P jects without DM,respectively. Similar results were observed in females. In males, 10% of DM patients did not use any antidiabetic medications, 38.1% used antidiabetic monotherapy, and 51.9% used ≥ 2 antidiabetic medications. These corresponding values were 10.3%, 40.4% and 49.4% in females. A significant protective effect of metformin monotherapy or combination therapy (except for insulin) on all-cause mortality and a protective but non-significant effect on CVD mortality were observed. CONCLUSION This is the first study using data from multiple linkage files to confirm a significant increased prevalence of DM in the last decade in the United States. Patients with DM have significantly higher risk of death from all-cause and CVD than those without DM. Antidiabeti

关键词： Epidemic of diabetes mellitus Cardiovascular disease Pharmacoepidemiologic profiles United States

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