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New steelmaking process based on clean deoxidation technology

International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第6期31卷 1249-1262页

作者： Zhongliang wang Yanping bao State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

After the converter steelmaking process,a considerable number of ferroalloys are needed to remove dissolved oxygen from the molten steel,but it also forms a lot of oxide inclusions that cannot be completely removed.At the same time,it increases the carbon emis-sions in the steel production process.After years of research,our team have developed a series of clean deoxidation technologies,includ-ing carbon deoxidation,hydrogen deoxidation,and waste plastic deoxidation of molten steel to address the aforementioned issues.In this study,thermodynamic calculations and laboratory experiments were employed to verify that carbon and hydrogen can reduce the total oxygen content in the molten steel melt to below 5×10^(-6) and 10×10^(-6),respectively.An analysis of the deoxidation mechanisms and ef-fects of polyethylene and polypropylene was also conducted.In addition,the applications of carbon deoxidation technology in different steels with the hot-state experiment and industrial production were discussed carefully.The carbon deoxidation experimental results of different steels were as follows:(1)the oxygen content of bearing steel was effectively controlled at 6.3×10^(-6) and the inclusion number density was lowered by 74.73%compared to aluminum deoxidized bearing steel;(2)the oxygen content in gear steel was reduced to 7.7×10^(-6) and a 54.49%reduction of inclusion number density was achieved with almost no inclusions larger than 5μm from the average level of industry gear steels;(3)a total oxygen content of M2 high-speed steel was as low as 3.7×10^(-6).In industrial production practice,car-bon deoxidation technique was applied in the final deoxidation stage for non-aluminum deoxidized bearing steel,and it yielded excellent results that the oxygen content was reduced to below 8×10^(-6) and the oxide inclusions in the steel mainly consist of silicates,along with small amounts of spinel and calcium aluminate.

关键词： clean deoxidation carbon deoxidation hydrogen deoxidation waste plastics deoxidation

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Development and prospects of molten steel deoxidation in steelmaking process

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第1期31卷 18-32页

作者： Zhongliang wang Yanping bao State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

In the long traditional process of steelmaking,excess oxygen is blown into the converter,and alloying elements are used for deoxidation.This inevitably results in excessive deoxidation of products remaining within the steel liquid,affecting the cleanliness of the steel.With the increasing requirements for steel performance,reducing the oxygen content in the steel liquid and ensuring its high cleanliness is necessary.After more than a hundred years of development,the total oxygen content in steel has been reduced from approximately 100×10^(-6)to approximately 10×10^(-6),and it can be controlled below 5×10^(-6)in some steel grades.A relatively stable and mature deoxidation technology has been formed,but further reducing the oxygen content in steel is no longer significant for improving steel quality.Our research team developed a deoxidation technology for bearing steel by optimizing the entire conventional process.The technology combines silicon–manganese predeoxidation,ladle furnace diffusion deoxidation,and vacuum final deoxidation.We successfully conducted industrial experiments and produced interstitial-free steel with natural decarbonization predeoxidation.Non-aluminum deoxidation was found to control the oxygen content in bearing steel to between 4×10^(-6) and 8×10^(-6),altering the type of inclusions,eliminating large particle Ds-type inclusions,improving the flowability of the steel liquid,and deriving a higher fatigue life.The natural decarbonization predeoxidation of interstitial-free steel reduced aluminum consumption and production costs and significantly improved the quality of cast billets.

关键词： steel deoxidation deoxidizer metallurgical equipment bearing steel IF steel

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The advantages of multi-level omics research on stem cell-based therapies for ischemic stroke

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1998-2003页

作者： Yiqing wang Chuheng Chang Renzhi wang Xiaoguang Li Xinjie bao 4+4 Doctor Medical Program Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina Department of Neurosurgery Peking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina Beijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration School of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijingChina Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina

Stem cell transplantation is a potential therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke. However, despite many years of preclinical research, the application of stem cells is still limited to the clinical trial stage. Although stem cell therapy can be highly beneficial in promoting functional recovery, the precise mechanisms of action that are responsible for this effect have yet to be fully elucidated. Omics analysis provides us with a new perspective to investigate the physiological mechanisms and multiple functions of stem cells in ischemic stroke. Transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses have become important tools for discovering biomarkers and analyzing molecular changes under pathological conditions. Omics analysis could help us to identify new pathways mediated by stem cells for the treatment of ischemic stroke via stem cell therapy, thereby facilitating the translation of stem cell therapies into clinical use. In this review, we summarize the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke and discuss recent progress in the development of stem cell therapies for the treatment of ischemic stroke by applying multi-level omics. We also discuss changes in RNAs, proteins, and metabolites in the cerebral tissues and body fluids under stroke conditions and following stem cell treatment, and summarize the regulatory factors that play a key role in stem cell therapy. The exploration of stem cell therapy at the molecular level will facilitate the clinical application of stem cells and provide new treatment possibilities for the complete recovery of neurological function in patients with ischemic stroke.

关键词： ischemic stroke mesenchymal stem cells metabolomics multilevel omics neural stem/progenitor cells neuroinflammation pathophysiology proteomics stem cell therapy transcriptomes

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Downregulation of Serum PTen Expression in Mercury-Exposed Population and PI3K/AKT Pathway-Induced Inflammation

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Biomedical and environmental Sciences 2024年第4期37卷 354-366页

作者： MEI Peng DING en Min YIN Hao Yang DING Xue Xue wang Huan wang Jian Feng HAN Lei ZHANG Heng Dong ZHU bao Li School of Public Health Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210000JiangsuChina Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Prevention and ControlNanjing 21000JiangsuChina Suzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control Suzhou 215004JiangsuChina Center for Global Health School of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210000JiangsuChina

Objective This study investigated the impact of occupational mercury(Hg) exposure on human gene transcription and expression, and its potential biological mechanisms.Methods Differentially expressed genes related to Hg exposure were identified and validated using gene expression microarray analysis and extended validation. Hg-exposed cell models and PTen lowexpression models were established in vitro using 293T cells. PTen gene expression was assessed using qRT-PCR, and Western blotting was used to measure PTen, AKT, and PI3K protein levels. IL-6 expression was determined by ELISA.Results Combined findings from gene expression microarray analysis, bioinformatics, and population expansion validation indicated significant downregulation of the PTen gene in the high-concentration Hg exposure group. In the Hg-exposed cell model(25 and 10 μmol/L), a significant decrease in PTen expression was observed, accompanied by a significant increase in PI3K, AKT, and IL-6 expression.Similarly, a low-expression cell model demonstrated that PTen gene knockdown led to a significant decrease in PTen protein expression and a substantial increase in PI3K, AKT, and IL-6 levels.Conclusion This is the first study to report that Hg exposure downregulates the PTen gene, activates the PI3K/AKT regulatory pathway, and increases the expression of inflammatory factors, ultimately resulting in kidney inflammation.

关键词： PTen Occupational mercury exposure Occupational health PI3K/AKT pathway 293T cell IL-6

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Basic Research Advances in China on Embryo Implantation,Placentation,and Parturition

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Maternal-Fetal Medicine 2024年第1期6卷 37-49页

作者： Haili bao Haibin wang Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversitySchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases Xiang An Biomedicine LaboratorySchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China

This review aimed to summarize the major progress in maternal-fetal medicine achieved by Chinese scientists in recent years.PubMed was systematically searched from January 2020 to November 2023.Publications that reported the progress in embryo implantation,placentation,and parturition made by Chinese scientists in the last 3 years were selected.The milestone events during gestation,embryo implantation,endometrial decidualization,placentation,and parturition are pivotal to a successful pregnancy.Embryo implantation requires intricate interactions between implantation-competent blastocysts and receptive endometrium.To adapt to pregnancy,endometrial stromal cells transform into specialized decidual cells,which occur spontaneously under the influence of ovarian hormones in humans but require the presence of embryos in mice.With embryonic development,the placenta forms to support fetal growth until parturition.The maternal-fetal interface is composed of diverse cell types,including endometrial decidual cells,placental trophoblast cells,endothelial cells,and various immune cells,a sophisticated interplay among which contributes to the maintenance of pregnancy.Near term,the uterus transitions from quiescence to contractility,in preparation for delivery.Disruptions to these events lead to pregnancy-related disorders such as repeated implantation failure,recurrent pregnancy loss,preeclampsia,fetal growth restriction,preterm birth,and infertility.In recent years,Chinese scientists have made prominent achievements in basic research on the aforementioned pregnancy events.Chinese scientists have made remarkable contributions to reproductive biology and maternal-fetal medicine research in recent years,highlighting future research directions in this field.

关键词： Embryo implantation Decidualization Placentation Maternal-fetal interface Parturition

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An isolated symmetrical 2T2R cell enabling high precision and high density for RRAM-based in-memory computing

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第5期67卷 287-294页

作者： Yaotian LING Zongwei wang Yuhang YANG Lin bao Shengyu bao Qishen wang Yimao CAI Ru HUANG School of Integrated Circuits Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits Peking University State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

In-memory computing(IMC), leveraging emerging memories, holds significant promise in overcoming memory limitations and improving energy efficiency. However, the prevailing IMC array structure based on serially connected transistors and memory cells(1T1R/2T2R), along with the signed weight mapping scheme, can lead to asymmetrical weight sensing issues(AWS) due to electrical asymmetry within the1T1R/2T2R structure, particularly in highly scaled cells where the transistor's resistance becomes significant. In this paper, we propose and fabricate an electrically symmetric memory cell based on a physically isolated 2T2R structure for IMC. This design aims to enhance the precision and density of RRAM-based IMC arrays. The 2T2R cells are manufactured using the back-end-of-line(BEOL) process of a commercial40 nm technology platform. The feasibility of this design is verified through measured and simulated results,showcasing its capability to address the issue of AWS. Compared to conventional 2T2R cells, this design achieves a considerably smaller transistor footprint without compromising accuracy, while also improving integration density by 42.2%. These innovative memory cell advancements have the potential to further advance high-energy-efficient IMC technology.

关键词： RRAM 2T2R multi-level storage weight asymmetry in-memory computing

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Using Healthcare Big Data Analytics to Improve Women’s Health:Benefits,Challenges,and Perspectives

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China CDC weekly 2024年第10期6卷 173-174页

作者： Heling bao Hui Liu Linhong wang Institute of Medical Information Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Women’s Health Care Branch Chinese Preventive Medicine AssociationBeijingCh

Women’s health is of paramount importance for the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)and Healthy China 2030,encompassing reproductive health and physical and mental well-being.This multifaceted conc... 详细信息

关键词： Sustainable maternal Analytics

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Melt flow,heat transfer and solidification in a flexible thin slab continuous casting mold with vertical-combined electromagnetic braking

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2024年第2期31卷 401-415页

作者： Lin Xu Ze-feng Han Christian Karcher en-gang wang Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials(Ministry of Education) Northeastern UniversityShenyang110819LiaoningChina Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province for Clean Combustion Power Generation and Heating Technology Shenyang Institute of EngineeringShenyang110136LiaoningChina Institute of Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics Technische Universität IlmenauIlmenau98684Germany

During continuous casting of steel slabs,the application of electromagnetic braking technology(EMBr)provides an effective tool to influence solidification by controlling the pattern of melt flow in the mold.Thus,the quality of the final product can be improved considerably.A new electromagnetic braking(EMBr)method,named vertical-combined electromagnetic braking(VC-EMBr),is proposed to be applied to a flexible thin slab casting(FTSC)mold.To evaluate the beneficial effects of the VC-EMBr,the melt flow,heat transfer,and solidification processes in the FTSC mold are studied by means of numerical simulations.In detail,a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes turbulence model together with an enthalpy-porosity approach was used.The numerical findings are compared with respective simulations using the traditional Ruler-EMBr.The results demonstrate that the application of the VC-EMBr contributes significantly to preventing relative slab defects.In contrast to the Ruler-EMBr,the additional vertical magnetic poles of the VC-EMBr preferentially suppress the direct impact of jet flow on the narrow face of FSTC mold and considerably diminish the level fluctuation near the meniscus region.For instance,by applying a magnetic flux density of 0.3 T,the maximum amplitude of meniscus deflection reduces by about 80%.Moreover,the braking effect of the VC-EMBr effectively improves the homogeneity of temperature distribution in the upper recirculation region and increases the solidified shell thickness along the casting direction.On this basis,the newly proposed VC-EMBr shows a beneficial effect in preventing relative slab defects for FTSC thin slab continuous casting.

关键词： Electromagnetic braking Mold Melt flow Heat transfer Solidification

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Multi-level coarse-grained discrete element method modeling of cylinder particle flow in a rotating drum

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Particuology 2024年第5期88卷 218-238页

作者： Lei Xu Xiukai Wu Shuai wang Shiyi bao Institute of Process Equipment and Control engineering Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310023China engineering Research Center of Process Equipment and Remanufacturing Ministry of EducationZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310023China College of Mechanical engineering Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310023China State Key Laboratory of Clean energy Utilization Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

The coarse-grained discrete element method(DEM)is probably a feasible option for simulating an actual drum-type biomass boiler,which contains over 10 million cylinder particles.A multi-level study was conducted based on particle and coarse-grained level data to evaluate the adequacy of the coarse-grained approach in terms of geometrical characteristics,kinematic features,and dynamic properties.Two scaling laws for contact parameters were used and compared during the simulations.The results show that the coarse-grained approach can accurately predict the positions of the free surface and active-passive interface,the mixing index,and the orientation properties.Deviations in the velocity fields may occur due to the worse flowability of coarse-grained particles near the free surface.The efficiency is significantly improved by the coarse-grained model compared with the corresponding original case(the same DEM code without a coarse-grained model was used for the original simulations).

关键词： Coarse-grained method Discrete element method(DEM) Cylinder particle Rotating drum Granular flow

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Remediation of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP)contaminated black soil by freeze-thaw aging biochar

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 681-692页

作者： Lei wang Zeyu Dou Chaoran Ma Xiaochen Jia Hongye wang Wenjing bao Lei wang Jianhua Qu Ying Zhang School of Resources and environment Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030China

Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP),a complex structure with high toxicity,is a common organic pollutant.This study investigated the effects of fresh biochar(FBC),and freeze-thaw cycled aged biochar(FTC-BC)on DEHP-contaminated soils using a pot experiment.The specific surface area of FBC increased from 145.20 to 303.50 m~2/g,and oxygen-containing functional groups increased from 1.26 to 1.48 mol/g after freeze-thaw cycles,greatly enhancing the adsorption of DEHP by biochar in the soil.The comprehensive radar chart evaluation showed that FBC and FTC-BC reduced DEHP growth stress and improved the soil properties.Compared with FBC,FTC-BC performed better in protecting the normal growth of pakchoi and improving soil properties.In addition,the application of biochar increased the diversity and abundance of bacteria in the DEHP-contaminated soil and changed the composition of the soil bacterial community.The partial least squares path model(PLS-PM)showed that adding biochar as a soil remediation agent significantly positively impacted soil nutrients and indirectly reduced the DEHP levels in soil and plants by increasing soil microbial diversity.Compared with FBC,FTC-BC creates a more satisfactory living environment for microorganisms and has a better effect on the degradation of DEHP in the soil.This study provides a theoretical basis for future biochar remediation of DEHP-contaminated soils in cold high-latitude regions.

关键词： DEHP Freeze-thaw cycles Biochar Soil restoration

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