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Antibiotic Resistance Phenotypes of <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i>Isolated from Household Wastewater in Brazzaville, Republic of Congo

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Advances in Microbiology 2021年第1期11卷 27-36页

作者： Rachel Moyen tarcisse baloki ngoulou Etienne Nguimbi Gabriel Ahombo Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology Sciences and Techniques Faculty University Marien NGOUABI Brazzaville Congo

Household wastewater is a source of pollution and can present health risks when discharged into the environment. Thus, samples of household wastewater from a few neighborhoods in Brazzaville were analyzed for microbiological quality. The various samples were cultured for isolation on solid media using conventional microbiological methods. The bacteria isolated were identified by the Enterobacter System gallery. Sensitivity tests were performed using the standard antibiotic susceptibility test by diffusion on Mueller Hinton medium. At the end of the analysis, 51 Enterobacteriaceae were isolated and identified. They included: 8 (15.68%) Escherichia coli, 8 (15.68%) Salmonella spp., 8 (15.68%) Shigella spp., 8 (15.68%) Klebsiella spp., 5 (9.80%) Enterobacter aerogenes, 8 (15.68%) Enterobacter cloacae, 3 (5.90%) Arizona spp., 3 (5.90%) Proteus spp. The results obtained show that the bacteria tested showed total resistance to the following antibiotics: amoxicillin, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, cloxacillin and nalidixic acid. On the other hand, imipenem, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, cefftriazone and kanamycin were the most active antibiotics with low levels of resistance. The low resistance rates observed for imipenem, cefotaxime, cefuroxime and cefftriazone show that these antibiotics can be used for the treatment of infections caused by household wastewater bacteria.

关键词： Antibiotic Therapy Enterobacteriaceae Sewage Households

Evaluation of the Bioremediation Potential and Antimicrobial Activity of Pseudomonas and Bacillus Bacteria Isolated from Landfills in Brazzaville, Congo

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第8期11卷 129-140页

作者： Adriana Préfina Nzoumba Pandi Saturnin Nicaise Mokemiabeka Joël Prince Bidounga tarcisse baloki ngoulou Rachel Moyen Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology Faculty of Science and Technology Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo

The pollution of ecosystems as a result of urbanization, industrialization and poor agricultural practices is becoming increasingly alarming. This has a major impact on health and the economy. This pollution causes illness in humans and animals, even at low levels of exposure, leading to endocrine disorders, congenital malformations, cardiovascular disease, nervous system damage and cancer. They are a brake on redevelopment because of the threats they pose, generally causing an anaerobic environment by blocking the diffusion of air into the soil pores, thus affecting the microbial communities living there and preventing the infiltration of water necessary for plant growth. In an ecosystem subjected to various disturbances, changes can be observed in ecosystem structure and function, including loss of aesthetic values, changes in biomass or productivity, and changes in species composition. These include loss of aesthetic values, changes in biomass or productivity, and altered species composition, as a result of habitat loss, disruption of food webs and variations in macro- and micro-climatic environmental conditions. Respect for the environment is becoming a major concern in today’s society. To remedy this, the concept of biological control was used as an alternative, with the selection of microorganisms of bioremediator interest. Twenty (20) isolates, including 10 (50%) from the Pseudomonas genus and 10 (50%) from the Bacillus genus, were isolated from landfills, identified and tested to assess their biofertilization (phosphate solubilization) and depollution (hydrocarbon degradation) potential, and to inhibit the growth of certain microorganisms. The results showed that all Pseudomonas and Bacillus isolates solubilized inorganic phosphate, although this activity was higher in Bacillus. All Bacillus inhibited the growth of all the pathogens included in this study, while Pseudomonas only inhibited the growth of E. coli. With regard to their ability to degrade hydroca

关键词： Bioremediation Environment Pseudomonas and Bacillus

Hydrolytic and Antimicrobial Activities of Bacteria Isolated from Fermented Peppers Sold in Markets at Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第9期12卷 215-234页

作者： Faly Armel Soloka Mabika Elgie Viennechie Gatsé Ngo Itsouhou tarcisse baloki ngoulou Mérite Berthelie Mouanda Nzoussi Nguimbi Etienne Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Unit of Molecular Microbiology and Bioinformatics Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of the Congo

Microorganisms are omnipresent in all environments and play mainly the role of transformers, thanks to the multiple enzymes they are able to produce. In order to valorize fermented foods in the Republic of the Congo, this work aimed to characterize and study some properties of microorganisms isolated from samples of peppers sold in three markets of Brazzaville. A numeration of the total aerobic mesophilic flora (TAMF) was made in a solid medium, allowing the evaluation of each sample’s microbial concentration. The microbial mass varied from 2.8 × 105 CFU/g for the Ouénzé sample to 1.8 × 104 CFU/g for the Total sample and 2 × 104 CFU/g for the Moungali market sample. The evaluation of the enzymatic properties of the Bacillus isolates showed that 68.42% were capable of producing cellulases and 78.94% were capable of producing amylases and proteases. Antimicrobial activities revealed that 63.15% of the isolates were able to secrete inhibitory substances against E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Molecular analysis by PCR amplification, sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and BLAST bioinformatics analysis provides newly identified bacteria strains with new accession numbers in GenBank: Bacillus thuringiensis MBCBR322 (OP474008), Bacillus megaterium MBCBJ1822 (OP476493), Bacillus thuringiensis MBCBR222 (OP476494), Priestia megaterium MBCBJ2022 (OP476495) and Lactobacillus paraplantarum MBCBR1522 (OP476496). Multiple sequences alignment of identified sequences with their homologs of GenBank has shown high similarities. The phylogenetic inference assay has provided the two groups of strains observed in this study, and the two groups are very coherent with the phylogeny of the reference.

关键词： Antimicrobial Activity Hydrolytic Activity Sequencing Pepper Brazzaville

Optimization of Cellulase Production Conditions in Bacteria Isolated from Soils in Brazzaville

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第8期10卷 14-28页

作者： Thantique Moutali Lingouangou Raoul Ampa Etienne Nguimbi Prince Moukouyou Bissombolo Ngo-Itsouhou Faly Armel Soloka Mabika tarcisse baloki ngoulou Stech Anomene Eckzechel Nzaou Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville République du Congo Unité de Microbiologie Moléculaire et Bioinformatique Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville Republique du Congo Institut National de Recherches en Sciences Exactes et Naturelles (IRSEN) Brazzaville République du Congo

Objective: The objective of the present study is to optimize cellulase production in five strains: (Pantoea dispersa MLTBY6 (MT646430.1);Pseudomonas aeruginosa MLTBM2 (MT646431.1);Pseudomonas monteilii MLTBC10 (MT674682.1);Bacillus subtilis MLTBC5 (MT674681.1) and Lysinibacillus fusiformis MLTBB7 selected cellulase producers isolated from soils in Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo. Materials and Methods: The cellulolytic activity of the selected cellulase-producing strains was determined by transferring the strains to a petri dish containing CMC culture medium with the following composition: cellulose 1%, K2HPO4 0.2%, MgSO4 0.03%, peptone 1%, (NH4)2SO4 0.2% adjusted to a pH value of 7, previously poured and then frozen. The dishes were incubated in an oven at 37°C for 48 hours. The petri dishes were then flooded with 1% lugol for 15 minutes. A positive reading is indicated by the formation of a hydrolysis zone, the diameters of the hydrolysis zone were measured with a ruler. Strains with a broad lysis spectrum were selected. Optimisation of cellulase production by five bacterial strains isolated from the soil was done using the following factors: temperature and pH. Results: The production of cellulase showed that these strains showed a high production of cellulase at pH values between 5.6 and 9 with an optimum of pH = 8 and temperature values between 35°C and 40°C with an optimum at temperature t = 40°C. Of the carbon sources used, two sources, namely glucose and galactose, showed a high production of cellulase compared to the other carbon sources. However, the two nitrogen sources, ammonium sulphate and urea, were favourable for cellulase production by all five strains. Fe2+, CO2+, Zn2+ ions are favourable for cellulase production by these strains, with a referendum for Fe2+. Conclusion: From these results, we conclude that the sources of carbon (gluc

关键词： Optimization Condition Production Cellulase Soil Bacteria

Prevalence, Resistance to Quinolones/Fluoroquinolones of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Strains Isolated in the Hospital and University Center of Brazzaville, Republic of Congo

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Advances in Microbiology 2021年第11期11卷 607-615页

作者： Léa Gwladys Gangoue Etienne Nguimbi Faust René Okamba Ondzia Briceline Princesse Banzouzi Mahoukou Tantique Moutali Lingouagou tarcisse baloki ngoulou Isaac Samuel Onyankouang Rachel Moyen Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (BCM) Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Marien NGOUABI Brazzaville Congo Unité de Microbiologie moléculaire et Bioinformatique Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Marien NGOUABI Brazzaville Congo Institut National de Recherche en Sciences Exactes et Naturelles (IRSEN) Avenue de l’Auberge Gascogne Scientific City (Ex. OROSTOM) Brazzaville Congo

Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive pathogenic bacterium responsible for various infections including skin suppurations. Quinolones are sometimes used last in infections. The Staphylococcus aureus objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and assess the level of resistance to quinolones of Staphylococcus aureus trains isolated in the Hospital and University Center of Brazzaville (CHU-B). 40 strains of Staphylococcus aureus from various biological products were isolated and identified by bacteriological methods. The study of the resistance of these different strains to antibiotics (Quinolones/Fluoroquinolones) was carried out by the phenotypic method, by antibiogram. A total of 40 Staphylococcus aureus strains were isolated including 13 (32.50%) community strains, 27 (67.5%) clinical strains distributed as follows: neonatal and pediatric service 29.62% and 25.92%, surgery 18.51%, contagious 14.81%, emergencies 7.4% and delivery block 3.7%. 60% of strains were isolated in women and 40% in men. The average age of those infected was 16 years and older. 90% strains were resistant to Nalidixic acid (AN), 72.5% to Ofloxacin (OFL), 67.5% to Ciprofloxacin (CIP), 70% to Norfloxacin (NOR), 62.5% to Levofloxacin (LEV), 47.5% to Moxifloxacin (MXF), and 40% strains were resistant to all antibiotics tested.

关键词： Prevalence Staphylococcus aureus Antibiotics Resistance

Identification of Quinolones/Fluoroquinolones Resistance Genes from Staphylococci Strains Isolated at the University Hospital of Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第2期11卷 30-52页

作者： Léa Gwladys Gangoue Faust René Okamba Ondzia Stech Anomene Eckzechel Nzaou Fils Landry Mpele tarcisse baloki ngoulou Fabien Rock Niama Rachel Moyen Etienne Nguimbi Molecular and Cellular Laboratory Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Unit of Molecular Microbiology and Bioinformatics Faculty of Science and Techniques Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of the Congo National Public Health Laboratory Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of the Congo National Institute for Research in Natural Sciences (IRSEN) Brazzaville Republic of the Congo

Staphylococci strains, like the majority of bacterial strains, have developed the resistance to several antibiotics, including Quinolones and Fluoroquin-olones In the Republic of the Congo, cases of resistance leading to treat-ment failures have been observed during the treatment of staphylococcal infections with antibiotics in hospitals. The objective of this study was to identify the Quinolone/Fluoroquinolone resistance genes from staphylo-cocci strains isolated in hospitals. A total of 51 strains of Staphylococci were isolated, including 16 (31.37%) community strains, and 35 (68.62%) clinical strains. 46 strains of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and 5 SCNs were identified. A total of 34 DNA fragments from different strains resistant to Quinolones/Fluoroquinolones, including 21 (61.67%) DNA fragments from clinical S. aureus and 13 (38.23%) from community SCN strains were analyzed by the molecular method (genotypic detection) by PCR. The genotypic results made it possible to identify the gyrA, grLA and norA genes and to show that these genes are involved in the resistance of the strains to the various antibiotics used. The grLA gene was the most identified gene with a frequency of 75%. The gyrA and grLA genes have been identified in Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase Negative Staphy-lococci. The norA gene, on the other hand, has only been identified in Staphylococcus aureus. Two mechanisms are essentially involved in the resistance of Staphylococci to quinolones/Fluoroquinolones, the mecha-nism of resistance by efflux, which takes place thanks to a transmembrane protein coded by the norA gene and by point mutations (substitution and deletion of acids or nucleotides) observed within the protein and nucleic sequences of the chromosomal gyrA and grLA genes.

关键词： Genes Resistance Quinolones/Fluoroquinolones Staphylococci