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Improving the nutritional values of yellow mealworm Tenebrio molitor(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae as an animal feed ingredient: a review

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 35-52页

作者： Linggawastu Syahrulawal Magnhild Oust Torske Rumakanta sapkota Geir Næss Prabhat Khanal Animal Science Production and Welfare DivisionFaculty of Biosciences and AquacultureNord UniversitySkolegata 22Steinkjer 7713Norway Department of Environmental Science Faculty of Technical SciencesAarhus UniversityFrederiksborgvej 399Roskilde 4000Denmark

Yellow mealworm larvae(YML;Tenebrio molitor) are considered as a valuable insect species for animal feed due to their high nutritional values and ability to grow under different substrates and rearing conditions. Advances in the understanding of entomophagy and animal nutrition over the past decades have propelled research areas toward testing multiple aspects of YML to exploit them better as animal feed sources. This review aims to summarize various approaches that could be exploited to maximize the nutritional values of YML as an animal feed ingredient. In addition, YML has the potential to be used as an antimicrobial or bioactive agent to improve animal health and immune function in production animals. The dynamics of the nutritional profile of YML can be influenced by multiple factors and should be taken into account when attempting to optimize the nutrient contents of YML as an animal feed ingredient. Specifically, the use of novel land-based and aquatic feeding resources, probiotics, and the exploitation of larval gut microbiomes as novel strategies can assist to maximize the nutritional potential of YML. Selection of relevant feed supplies, optimization of ambient conditions, the introduction of novel genetic selection procedures, and implementation of effective post-harvest processing may be required in the future to commercialize mealworm production. Furthermore, the use of appropriate agricultural practices and technological improvements within the mealworm production sector should be aimed at achieving both economic and environmental sustainability. The issues highlighted in this review could pave the way for future approaches to improve the nutritional value of YML.

关键词： Alternative protein source Feed application Nutritional value Yellow mealworm

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Estimation of Global Solar Radiation Using Clearness Index and Cloud Transmittance Factor at Trans-Himalayan Region in Nepal

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Energy and Power Engineering 2012年第6期4卷 415-421页

作者： Khem N. Poudyal Binod K. Bhattarai balkrishna sapkota Berit Kjeldstad Department of Physics Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway Institute of Engineering Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal

This paper presents the global solar radiation (GSR) and cloud transmittance factor (cf) measured at the horizontal surface over a period of one year from 2009 to 2010 using CMP6 Pyranometer and NILUUV Irradiance Meter at Lukla (Latitude 26.69oN,Longitude 86.73?E and Altitude 2850 m) in the foothills of the Mt Everest (8850 m high). Monthly and seasonal variations of global solar radiation as well as correlation between clearness index and cloud transmittance factor at Lukla are presented. The annual average daily global solar radiation is about 3.83 kWh/sq·m/day which is sufficient to promote solar active and passive energy technology at high mountain terrain where there is no other viable alternative sources of energy. The maximum and minimum global solar radiation of 5.33 and 2.08 kWh/sq·m/day is recorded in April and September 2010 respectively. The seasonal variation of solar energy is about 2.87 kWh/sq·m/day and 4.83 kWh/sq·m/day in summer and spring respectively which is not in line with the general trend. The coefficient of determination (R2) between cloud transmittance factor (cf) and clearness factor (K) is found to be 0.97. This novel result can be utilized to estimate the global solar radiation at the horizontal surface where K and cf are available.

关键词： Global Solar Radiation Seasonal Variation Cloud Transmittance Factor Clearness Index Coefficient of Determination High Himalaya Region

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The importance of laminin at the blood-brain barrier

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第12期18卷 2557-2563页

作者： Sebok K.Halder Arjun sapkota Richard Milner San Diego Biomedical Research Institute San DiegoCAUSA

The blood-brain barrier is a unique property of central nervous system blood vessels that protects sensitive central nervous system cells from potentially harmful blood *** mechanistic basis of this barrier is found at multiple levels,including the adherens and tight junction proteins that tightly bind adjacent endothelial cells and the influence of neighboring pericytes,microglia,and astrocyte *** addition,extracellular matrix components of the vascular basement membrane play a critical role in establishing and maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity,not only by providing an adhesive substrate for blood-brain barrier cells to adhere to,but also by providing guidance cues that strongly influence vascular cell *** extracellular matrix protein laminin is one of the most abundant components of the basement membrane,and several lines of evidence suggest that it plays a key role in directing blood-brain barrier *** this review,we describe the basic structure of laminin and its receptors,the expression patterns of these molecules in central nervous system blood vessels and how they are altered in disease states,and most importantly,how genetic deletion of different laminin isoforms or their receptors reveals the contribution of these molecules to blood-brain barrier function and ***,we discuss some of the important unanswered questions in the field and provide a“to-do”list of some of the critical outstanding experiments.

关键词： astrocytes basement membrane blood vessels blood-brain barrier integrity dystroglycan endothelial cells inflammation integrins laminin pericytes

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Discovery and genome-guided mapping of REN12 from Vitis amurensis, conferring strong, rapid resistance to grapevine powdery mildew

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Horticulture Research 2023年第5期10卷 139-149页

作者： Surya sapkota Cheng Zou Craig Ledbetter Anna Underhill Qi Sun David Gadoury Lance Cadle-Davidson School of Integrative Plant Science Cornell AgriTechCornell UniversityGenevaNY14456USA BRC Bioinformatics Facility Institute of BiotechnologyCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA United States Department of Agriculture(USDA)-Agricultural Research Service(ARS) Crop DiseasesPests and Genetics Research UnitSan Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences CenterParlierCA93648USA USDA-ARS Grape Genetics Research UnitGenevaNY14456USA

Powdery mildew resistance genes restrict infection attempts at different stages of ***,a strong and rapid powdery mildew resistance phenotype was discovered from Vitis amurensis‘PI 588631’that rapidly stopped over 97%of Erysiphe necator conidia,before or immediately after emergence of a secondary hypha from *** resistance was effective across multiple years of vineyard evaluation on leaves,stems,rachises,and fruit and against a diverse array of *** laboratory *** core genome rhAmpSeq markers,resistance mapped to a single dominant locus(here named REN12)on chromosome 13 near 22.8–27.0 Mb,irrespective of tissue type,explaining up to 86.9%of the phenotypic variation observed on *** sequencing of recombinant vines using skim-seq technology enabled the locus to be further resolved to a 780 kb region,from 25.15 to 25.93 *** analysis indicated the allele-specific expression of four resistance genes(NLRs)from the resistant ***12 is one of the strongest powdery mildew resistance loci in grapevine yet documented,and the rhAmpSeq sequences presented here can be directly used for marker-assisted selection or converted to other genotyping *** no virulent isolates were identified among the genetically diverse isolates and wild populations of *** tested here,NLR loci like REN12 are often ***,stacking of multiple resistance genes and minimal use of fungicides should enhance the durability of resistance and could enable a 90%reduction in fungicides in low-rainfall climates where few other pathogens attack the foliage or fruit.

关键词： Vitis resistance durability

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Onecut transcription factors in retinal development and maintenance

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第6期10卷 899-900页

作者： Darshan sapkota Xiuqian Mu Department of Ophthalmology/Ross Eye Institute Department of Biochemistry New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences SUNY Eye Institute University at Buffalo

The retina and its development： The retina is an essential part of the visual system. A myriad of eye diseases are characterized by retinal degeneration, caused by either genetic or environmental factors. This underscores the importance of studying the genetic and molecular mechanisms that regulate the generation and maintenance of neurons in the mammalian retina. Our recent studies demonstrate that two related transcription factors Onecutl （Ocl） and Onecut2 （0c2） regulate multiple cell fates in the mouse retina, and their absence results in progressive retinal neurodegeneration （Wu et al., 2012, 2013; sapkota et al., 2014）.

关键词： cell Onecut transcription factors in retinal development and maintenance RGCs

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Molecular and genetic regulations of fleshy fruit shape and lessons from Arabidopsis and rice

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Horticulture Research 2023年第7期10卷 176-191页

作者： Qiang Li Shuangxia Luo Liying Zhang Qian Feng Lijun Song Manoj sapkota Shuxin Xuan Yanhua Wang Jianjun Zhao Esther van der Knaap Xueping Chen Shuxing Shen College of Horticulture State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationKey Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of HebeiCollaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in HebeiHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingHebei 071000China Center for Applied Genetic Technologies Institute for Plant BreedingGenetics and GenomicsDepartment of HorticultureUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA

Fleshy fruit shape is an important external quality trait influencing the usage of fruits and consumer ***,modification of fruit shape has become one of the major objectives for crop ***,the underlying mechanisms of fruit shape regulation are poorly *** this review we summarize recent progress in the genetic basis of fleshy fruit shape regulation using tomato,cucumber,and peach as *** analyses suggest that the OFP-TRM(OVATE Family Protein-TONNEAU1 Recruiting Motif)and IQD(IQ67 domain)pathways are probably conserved in regulating fruit shape by primarily modulating cell division patterns across fleshy fruit ***,cucumber homologs of FRUITFULL(FUL1),CRABS CLAW(CRC)and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 2(ACS2)were found to regulate fruit *** also outline the recent progress in fruit shape regulation mediated by OFP-TRM and IQD pathways in Arabidopsis and rice,and propose that the OFP-TRM pathway and IQD pathway coordinate regulate fruit shape through integration of phytohormones,including brassinosteroids,gibberellic acids,and auxin,and microtubule *** addition,functional redundancy and divergence of the members of each of the OFP,TRM,and IQD families are also *** review provides a general overview of current knowledge in fruit shape regulation and discusses the possible mechanisms that need to be addressed in future studies.

关键词： Arabidopsis Molecular probably

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Species diversity and regeneration of old-growth seasonally dry Shorea robusta forests following gap formation

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Journal of Forestry Research 2009年第1期20卷 7-14页

作者： Indra Prasad sapkota Mulualem Tigabu Per Christer Oden Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SE-901 83 Umea Sweden.

Diversity and regeneration of woody species were investigated in two ecological niches viz. gap and intact vegetation in old-growth seasonally dry Shorea robusta （Gaertn. f.） forests in Nepal. We also related varieties of diversity measures and regeneration at- tributes to gap characteristics. Stem density of tree and shrub components is higher in the gap than in the intact vegetation. Seedling densities of S. robusta and Terminalia alata （B. Heyne ex Roth.） are higher in the gap than in the intact vegetation, while contrary result is observed for T. bellirica （Gaertn. ex Roxb.） and Syzigium cumini （L. Skeels） in term of seedling density. The complement of Simpson index, Evenness index, and species-individual ratio in the seedling layer are lower in the gap than the intact vegetation. Gap size can explain species richness and species establishment rate. Gaps created by multiple tree falls in different years have higher seedling density of S. robusta than gaps created by single and/or multiple tree falls in the same year. In conclusion, gaps maintain species diversity by increasing seedling density, and favor regeneration of Sal forests. In addition to gap size, other gap attributes also affect species diversity and regeneration.

关键词： Canopy gap intermediate disturbance hypothesis Nepal Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn. f.) forest

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Gap characteristics and their effects on regeneration,dominance and early growth of woody species

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2009年第1期2卷 21-29页

作者： Indra Prasad sapkota Per Christer Oden Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Southern Swedish Forest Research CentreTropical Silviculture and Seed Science GroupPO Box 49SE-23053 AlnarpSweden

Aims We aim to examine the canopy gap characteristics and evaluate their influence on regeneration,dominance and the early growth of woody species in seasonally dry Shorea robusta forests(Sal forests).Methods Sixty canopy gaps were surveyed in six randomly located transects belts in seasonally dry subtropical Sal forests of central *** transect belt was followed until 10 gap sites were *** equation for the area of an ellipse was used to calculate the size of canopy gap,measuring the longest axis and its perpendicular shorter ***,sizes,ages and causes of tree falls creating canopy gaps along with number and sizes of border trees were identified and *** gap inventories were carried out using square 25-m2 quadrats placed in the middle of each *** individuals>2 m in height within the quadrat were identified at the species level and their diameter at breast height was *** assigned a nested 4-m2 quadrat to the corner of each 25-m2 quadrat,within which all woody individuals>10 cm tall were identified at the species level,and counted them and their regeneration mechanisms were *** height and collar diameter of the tallest individuals were *** statistics was calculated for the variables of interests and Pearson correlation,linear regression,independent-sample t-test and chi-square test were used to relate them and to test for their *** Findings The study found mean gap size of 283 m2 and;50%gaps of 10–15 years *** created by natural single-tree falls were significantly more numerous,and their mean size was significantly smaller than those resulting from artificial causes or multiple-tree *** size correlated with the basal area of felled trees,but it did not correlate with the number of tree *** tree fall basal area was significantly positively correlated to the seed-originated seedling to resprout ratio,it was negatively correlated,along with gap area and th

关键词： canopy gap seedling density seedling growth basal area Sal forests Nepal

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Perspectives of CRISPR/Cas-mediated cisengineering in horticulture:unlocking the neglected potential for crop improvement

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 2317-2327页

作者： Qiang Li Manoj sapkota Esther van der Knaap College of Horticultural Science and Engineering Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai’anChina Center for Applied Genetic Technologies University of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA Institute for Plant Breeding Genetics and GenomicsUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA Department of Horticulture University of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA

Directed breeding of horticultural crops is essential for increasing yield,nutritional content,and consumer-valued characteristics such as shape and color of the ***,limited genetic diversity restricts the amount of crop improvement that can be achieved through conventional breeding *** genetic changes in cisregulatory regions of genes play important roles in shaping phenotypic diversity by altering their *** of CRISPR/Cas editing in crop species can accelerate crop improvement through the introduction of genetic variation in a targeted *** advent of CRISPR/Cas-mediated cis-regulatory region engineering(cis-engineering)provides a more refined method for modulating gene expression and creating phenotypic diversity to benefit crop ***,we focus on the current applications of CRISPR/Cas-mediated cis-engineering in horticultural *** describe strategies and limitations for its use in crop improvement,including de novo cis-regulatory element(CRE)discovery,precise genome editing,and transgene-free genome *** addition,we discuss the challenges and prospects regarding current technologies and ***/Cas-mediated cis-engineering is a critical tool for generating horticultural crops that are better able to adapt to climate change and providing food for an increasing world population.

关键词： CRISPR/Cas breeding crops

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p-TSA-catalyzed one-pot synthesis and docking studies of some 5H-indeno[ 1,2-b]quinoline-9,11 (6H,10H)-dione derivatives as anticonvulsant agents

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2016年第5期27卷 721-725页

作者： Kamaal Ahmed balkrishna Dubey Sayyed Nadeem Birendra Shrivastava Pankaj Sharma Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry TIT College of Pharmacy Anand Nagar Bhopal 462021 Madhya Pradesh India Department of Pharmacology Technocrats Institute of Technology-Pharmacy Anand Nagar Bhopal Modhya Pradesh 462021 India School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Jaipur National University Jaipur Rajasthan India

The present work describes a facile, one-pot three component environment friendly, green synthesis of a series of 5-（4-methoxyphenyl）-7,7-dimethyl-10-phenyl-7,8-dihydro-SH-indeno[ 1,2-b]quinoline- 9,11 （6H,10H）-dione derivatives 8（a-n）. 1,3-indanedione, awl-aldehyde and enaminone was thoroughly ground in the presence of catalytic amount of p-toluene sulfonic acid （p-TSA） to give the titled compounds in good yields. All the synthesized derivatives were evaluated for their anticonvulsant activity using the maximal electroshock （MES） method with phenytoin as a standard drug along with their neurotoxicity effect. Derivatives 8b, 8e and 8k exhibited significant anticonvulsant activity （P 〈 0.001）. The neurotoxicity study clearly revealed that all the tested compounds are non-toxic at a dose of 40 mg/kg. The molecular modeling studies also predicted good binding interactions of most active molecules with the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor. Therefore, it can be safely concluded that synthesized derivatives 8（a-n） would represent useful leads for further investigation in the development of a new class of anticonvulsant agents.

关键词： 5H-Indeno[1 2-b]quinoline One potp-toluene sulfonic acid (p-TSA) Anticonvulsant activity Molecular docking

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