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Embryology of Maldives Clownfish, Amphiprion nigripes (Amphiprioninae)

Journal of Ocean University of China 2012年第2期11卷 174-180页

作者： Swagat Ghosh Thipramalai Thankappanpillai Ajith Kumar thangavel balasubramanian Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology Faculty of Marine SciencesAnnamalai UniversityParangipettai-608502Tamil NaduIndia

This study investigated the embryonic development of Maldives clownfish Amphiprion nigripes under natural conditions (28 - 30℃) at a lagoon of Agatti Island, Lakshadweep, India. The newly deposited fish egg was capsule-shaped and orange-red, with a (0.73 ± 0.04) mm3 yolk containing 5 - 10 fat globules. The embryonic development of fertilized eggs was divided into 26 stages and the time elapsing for each stage was recorded. Results showed that the cleavage was rapid, with the first division observed 1 h 20 min after fertilization. Blastulation occurred 4 h later, followed by gastrulation 12 h after fertilization, with a yolk volume of (0.61 ± 0.06) mm3. The organogenesis process started 22 h after fertilization when the blastopores closed and notochord formation began. The embryonic stage was recorded 24 h later, with the appearance of forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, melanophores on yolk-sac and 22 somites, and a decreased yolk volume of (0.54 ± 0.08) mm3. Other organs developed well 31 h after fertilization, whereas the heart started beating and blood circulation began 78 h later. Red pigmentation (erytrophores) appeared 96 h after fertilization, with a small yolk volume of (0.22 ± 0.02) mm3. Mouth developed well and eyes were noticeable 120 h later, with head, pectoral fin and tail frequently moving 144 h after fertilization. The embryo reached the pre-hatching stage 168 h later and started to hatch after 170 - 180 h incubation. This study first detailed the embryonic development and yolk absorption of A. nigripes under natural conditions.

关键词： Amphiprion nigripes clownfish embryonic development spawning yolk volume

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Breeding and mass scale rearing of clownfish Amphiprion percula: feeding and rearing in brackishwater

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2012年第4期30卷 528-534页

作者： DHANEESH Kottila Veettil AJITH KUMAR Thipramalai Thankappan SWAGAT Ghosh balasubramanian thangavel Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology Faculty of Marine Sciences Annamalai University

Breeding and mass scale larval rearing of clownfish Amphiprion percula is very limited in brackishwater. We designed an indoor program of A. percula culture in brackishwater with a salinity of 24±1, during which the impacts of feed type, water temperature, and light intensity, on the efficiency of its reproduction, were revealed. The fish were accommodated along with sea anemones in fibre glass tanks to determine the influence of brooder diet on breeding efficiency. Higher reproductive efficiency [number of eggs laid （276±22.3 eggs）] was observed when fish were fed live Acetes sp. rather than clam （204±16.4 eggs）, trash fish （155±12 eggs） and formulated feed （110±10 eggs）. The spawning rate was increased during September and October （water temperature, 28.74±0.55℃） on average of 2.4 spawning per month; and low spawning rate was in January （water temperature, 24.55±0.45℃） on average of I spawning per month. Among three light intensities （100, 500, and 900 1x） set to evaluate larval survival rate, larvae showed the highest survival rate （65.5%） at 900 lx. The breeding method specifically in brackishwater developed in the present study is a new approach, will help the people from the regions of estuary and backwater to enhance their livelihood and it will lead to reduce the exploitation from the wild habitat.

关键词： Amphiprion percula brackishwater feed larval rearing light intensity

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Anti-Nociceptive Effect in Mice of Thillai Flavonoid Rutin

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2014年第4期27卷 295-299页

作者： Gurudeeban Selvaraj Satyavani Kaliamurthi Ramanathan Thirungnasambandam Lalitha Vivekanandan balasubramanian thangavel Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology Faculty of Marine Sciences Annamalai University Nandha College of Pharmacy and Research Institute Erode Tamil Nadu India

We investigated the anti-nociceptive effect of Excoecorio ogollocho （***） against chemically and thermally induced nociception, Albino mice received a dose of 10, 15, 20, or 25 mg/kg of alkaline chloroform fraction （Alk-CF） of *** by oral administration. Compared with controls, AIk-CF decreased the writhing numbers （P〈0.01） in a dose dependent manner. Further we determined that, AIk-CF contained, a potent compared to control, also potent anti-nociceptive agent that acted via opioid receptors and using HPLC, identified this compound as Rutin. Docking simulation demonstrated that Rutin interacted strongly with cyclooxygenase, forming a number of specific hydrogen bonds. In conclusion we have identified peripheral and central anti-nociceptive activities of *** that involve opioid receptor, and in which the active compound is Rutin.

关键词： Anti-Nociceptive Effect in Mice of Thillai Flavonoid Rutin CF HIS oral RMSD

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Coral Reef Bleaching at Agatti Island of Lakshadweep Atolls,India

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2012年第1期11卷 105-110页

作者： Ramar Vinoth Mohan Gopi Thipramalai Thankappanpillai Ajith Kumar Thirunavukarassu Thangaradjou thangavel balasubramanian Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology Faculty of Marine ScienceAnnamalai UniversityParangipettai-608502TamilnaduIndia

A survey on coral bleaching was carried out at Agatti Island of Lakshadweep from May to June *** sea surface temperatures(SSTs)of the region exceeded the seasonal average and delayed the onset of monsoon,which triggered widespread bleaching of *** Agatti reefs showed an average of 73%bleached corals with apparent bleaching-related mortality of sea anemones(87%)and giant clams(83%).The SST increased up to 34℃with an average maximum SST of 32.5℃ during the study period between May and June *** reefs on the southern side of the island are fully or partially exposed to sun light during low tide in contrast to the other *** suggests that the mortality is more likely due to the low tide exposure than exclusively due to the elevated *** indicated a clear increase in coral bleaching during April 2010,at levels higher than that in normal summer.

关键词： coral bleaching sea surface temperature mortality sea anemone

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In vitro antibacterial activity of venom protein isolated from sea snake Enhydrina schistosa against drug-resistant human pathogenic bacterial strains

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2015年第6期 453-458页

作者： Palani Damotharan Anguchamy Veeruraj Muthuvel Arumugam thangavel balasubramanian Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology Faculty of Marine SciencesAnnamalai UniversityParangipettai-608502TamilnaduIndia Centre for Ocean Research (SU-NIOT Joint Initiative Research Centre)Sathyabama UniversityJeppiaar NagarRajiv Gandhi RoadChennai-600119TamilnaduIndia

Objective:To evaluate the antibacterial activity of sea snake(Enhydrina schistosa)venom protein against drug-resistant human pathogenic bacterial ***:The venom was collected by milking process from the live specimens of sea snake are using capillary tubes or glass *** was purified by ion exchange chromatography and it was tested for in-vitro antibacterial activity against 10 drug-resistant human pathogenic bacterial strains using the standard disc diffusion ***:The notable antibacterial activity was observed at 150μg/mL concentration of purified venom and gave its minimum inhibitory concentrations values exhibited between 200-100μg/mL against all the tested bacterial *** maximum zone of inhibition was observed at 16.4 mm against Salmonella boydii and the minimum activity was observed at 7.5 mm against Pseudomonas *** the sodium-dodecyl-sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis there were a clear single band was detected in the gel that corresponding to purified venom protein molecular weight of 44 ***:These results suggested that the sea snake venom might be a feasible source for searching potential antibiotics agents against human pathogenic diseases.

关键词： Sea snake venom Enhydrina schistosa Antibacterial activity Minimum inhibitory concentrations

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Antibacterial and antioxidant effects from seaweed,Sargassum wightii(Greville,1848)against marine ornamental fish pathogens

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2014年第10期 773-783页

作者： Karuppiah Nanthini devi Thipramalai Thankappan Ajith Kumar thangavel balasubramanian CAS in Marine Biology Faculty of Marine SciencesAnnamalai UniversityTamil NaduIndia

Objective:To screen seaweed Sargassum wightii(***)for bioactive natural substance against marine ornamental fish bacterial pathogens,and also study the antioxidant properties,brine shrimp toxicity ***:Crude extract was made using three solvents(acetone,ethanol and methanol)and screened for antibacterial activity and purified by column chromatography,purified fractions obtained were tested for the *** 1st fraction of acetone extract showed maximum activity,this was again subjected for purification and obtained three sub-fractions also tested for the *** phenols and flavonoid contents,reducing power,free radical scavenging activities(DPPH and H_(2)O_(2))and brine shrimp toxicity were also studied using purified acetone extract followed by standard ***:The purified acetone extract showed maximum activity against eight pathogens among ***-MS results revealed two major compounds such as 24-methylene cholesterol(79.9%)and methyl oleate(30.3%)which presented in higher percentage in purified extract and had highest phenols and flavonoid contents,reducing power,free radical scavenging activities,and also showed less toxicity *** he present study,the purified extract of *** had potential antibacterial activity against Aeromonas hydrophila[(22.25±0.35)mm]and minimum activity against Streptococcus sp.[(10.00±0.00)mm].The purified extract of *** also had potential total antioxidant activity of(3.87±0.04)μg at 100μg/mL concentration and the lowest activity was exhibited(1.52±0.01)μg at 25μg/***:The present study concluded that the brown seaweed,*** has potential antimicrobial and antioxidant activities,which can be used in aquaculture industry for treated bacterial diseases in infected fishes.

关键词： Seaweed Bioactive compounds Antibacterial activity Silica gel column chromatography GC-MS analysis Antioxidant activity assays Brine shrimp toxicity

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In vitro antibacterial,alpha-amylase inhibition potential of three nudibranchs extracts from South East coast of India

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2013年第3期 186-192页

作者： Giji Sadhasivam Arumugam Muthuvel Wanjale Mrunal Vitthal Abirami Pachaiyappan Mohan Kumar balasubramanian thangavel Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology Faculty of Marine Sciences Annamalai UniversityParangipettai-608502India

Objective:To study the antibacterial and antiamylase properties of methanol and acetone extracts of nudibranchs including Bursatella leachii(***),Kalinga ornata(***),Aplysia ***:Crude methanol and acetone extracts of sea slugs were tested for inhibition of fish bacterial pathogens'growth through disc diffusion *** activity was measured based on the formation of inhibition zone around the disc impregnated with crude ***α-amylase inhibitory effect was also measured *** chemical fingerprinting of the extract was recorded with HPTLC and ***:The solvent extracts of all the three sea slugs showed antibacterial *** maximum zone of inhibition(>15-20 mm)was recorded for methanol and acetone extracts of *** methanol extract of Aplysia *** 93%inhibition againstα-amylase,following by ***(methanol)70.6%and ***(methanol)49.03%inhibition *** acetone extracts didn't show any notable *** presence of free amino acids like lysine,aspartic acid,glutamic acid,arginine etc.,terpenoids and pigents were confirmed through HPTLC *** presence of siloxanes and propanoic acid were also revealed through ***:This study suggests that further scrutinisation of the ***,*** and Aplysia *** pave the way for development of antibacterial andα-amylase inhibitory agent for therapeutic application.

关键词： Antibacterial α-amylase inhibitory effect Pigents and terpenoids

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