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r.GIONAL ASSESSMENT OF SOIL NITr.GEN MINEr.LIZATION IN DIVEr.E Cr.PLAND OF A r.Pr.SENTATIVE INTENSIVE AGr.CULTUr.L Ar.A

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Fr.ntier. of Agr.cultur.l Science and Engineer.ng 2023年第4期10卷 530-540页

作者： Peng XU Minghua ZHOU Bo ZHU Klaus BUTTEr.ACH-bahl Key Labor.tor. of Mountain Sur.ace Pr.cesses and Ecological r.gulation Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChineseAcademyof SciencesChengdu610041China Institute for.Meteor.logy and Climate r.sear.h Atmospheric Environmental Research(IMK-IFU)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467Germany

Soil nitr.gen miner.lization(Nmin)is a key pr.cess that conver.s or.anic N into miner.l N that contr.ls soil N availability to ***,r.gional assessments of soil Nmin in cr.pland and its affecting factor. ar. lacking,especially in r.lation to var.ation in *** this study,a 4-week incubation exper.ment was implemented to measur. net soil Nmin r.te,gr.ss nitr.fication(Nit)r.te and cor.esponding soil abiotic pr.per.ies in five field soils(A-C,maize;D,flue-cur.d tobacco;and E,vegetables;with elevation decr.asing fr.m A to E)fr.m differ.nt altitudes in a typical intensive agr.cultur.l ar.a in Dali City,Yunnan Pr.vince,*** r.sults showed that soil Nmin r.te r.nged fr.m 0.10 to 0.17 mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)N,with the highest value obser.ed in field E,followed by fields D,C,B,and A,which indicated that soil Nmin and Nit r.tes var.ed between fields,decr.asing with *** soil Nit r.te r.nged fr.m 434.2 to 827.1μg·kg^(-1)·h^(-1)N,with the highest value deter.ined in field D,followed by those in fields E,C,B,and *** r.tes of soil Nmin and Nit wer. positively cor.elated with sever.l key soil par.meter.,including total soil N,dissolved or.anic car.on and dissolved inor.anic N acr.ss all fields,which indicated that soil var.ables r.gulated soil Nmin and Nit in cr.pland *** addition,a str.ng positive r.lationship was obser.ed between soil Nmin and *** findings pr.vide a gr.ater.under.tanding of the r.sponse of soil Nmin among cr.pland fields r.lated to spatial *** is suggested that the soil Nmin fr.m cr.pland should be consider.d in the evaluation of the N tr.nsfor.ations at the r.gional scale.

关键词： cr.pland gr.ss nitr.fication r.te r.gulator. factor. soil nitr.gen miner.lization spatial var.ation

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第2产程使用器械助产及行剖宫产的产妇3年后盆底疾病的发病率以及对后续分娩的影响

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（妇产科学分册） 2005年第7期1卷 11-11页

作者： bahl r. Str.chan B. Mur.hy D.J. 朱国栋 Div. of Mater.. and Child Hlth. Sci. University of Dundee Ninewells Hosp. and Medical School Dundee DD1 9SY United Kingdom Dr

Objective: To compar. pelvic floor.symptoms at thr.e year. following instr.mental deliver. and cesar.an section in the second stage of labor.and to assess the impact of a subsequent deliver.. Study design: We conducted a pr.spective cohor. study of 393 women with ter., singleton, cephalic pr.gnancies who r.quir.d instr.mental vaginal deliver. in theatr. or.cesar.an section at full dilatation between Febr.ar. 1999 and Febr.ar. 2000. 283 women (72% ) r.tur.ed postal questionnair.s at thr.e year.. r.sults: Ur.nar. incontinence at thr.e year. post deliver. was gr.ater.in the instr.mental deliver. gr.up as compar.d to the cesar.an section gr.up (10.5% vs 2.0% ), Or.5.37 (95% CI, 1.7, 27.9). Ther. wer. no significant differ.nces in anor.ctal or.sexual symptoms between the two gr.ups. Pelvic floor.symptoms wer. similar.for.women deliver.d by cesar.an section after.a failed tr.al of instr.mental deliver. compar.d to immediate cesar.an section. A subsequent deliver. did not incr.ase the r.sk of pelvic floor.symptoms at thr.e year. in either.gr.up. Conclusion: An incr.ased r.sk of ur.nar. incontinence per.ists up to thr.e year. following instr.mental vaginal deliver. compar.d to cesar.an section in the second stage of labor. However. pelvic floor.symptoms ar. not exacer.ated by a subsequent deliver..

关键词：剖宫产术头位分娩宫口开全尿失禁症状无显著性差异肛门直肠持续性尿失禁前瞻性队列研究问卷调查性功能

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补锌对12～18月龄儿童智力和精神运动评分的影响:一个随机双盲试验

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2005年第8期1卷 34-34页

作者： Taneja S. Bhandar. N. bahl r. Bhan M.K. 郭战宏 Depar.ment of Pediatr.cs All India Inst. of Medical Sciences NewDelhi 110029 India Dr.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of zinc supplementation on mental and psych omotor.scor.s in childr.n aged 12 to 18 months. Study design: In this double- b lind, r.ndomized, placebo- contr.lled tr.al, childr.n aged 6 to 30 months r.cei ved daily elemental zinc (10 mg for.infants and 20 mg for.other.) or.placebo for.4 months. Bayley Scales of Infant Development II wer. used for.development asse ssment in the 12- to 18- month subgr.up at enr.llment and the end of the study . r.sults: At the end of the study, the adjusted mean mental (P = .36) and psych omotor.(P = .28) index scor.s wer. similar.in the inter.ention and contr.l gr.up s. In a multivar.ate model, the baseline mental development index scor. was posi tively associated with the mother.s schooling, the child’s height for.age, p acked cell volumes, hospital bir.h, and attendance at a day car. center. and was negatively associated with the child’s age. Br.astfeeding, the child’s weig ht for.height, and packed cell volumes wer. positively associated with the basel ine psychomotor.index scor.. Conclusion: Zinc supplementation did not affect the mental or.psychomotor.development index scor.s in a setting in which zinc defic iency is common.

关键词：儿童智力随机双盲补锌运动评分年龄别身高身高别体重发育量表安慰剂对照智力发育指数锌元素

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Optimal Eighth Or.er.Conver.ent Iter.tion Scheme Based on Lagr.nge Inter.olation

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2017年第4期33卷 1093-1102页

作者： r.jni SHAr.A Ashu bahl Depar.ment of Applied Sciences D.A.V. Institute of Engineering and Technology Kabir Nagar Jalandhar 144008 India r.sear.h Scholar I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University Jalandhar-Kapurthala Highway Kapurthala-144601 Punjab India Depar.ment of Mathematics D.A.V. College Jalandhar 144008 India

In this paper. based on four.h or.er.Ostr.wski method, we der.ve an optimal eighth or.er.iter.tion scheme for.obtaining simple r.ots of nonlinear.equations using Lagr.nge inter.olation and suitable weight functions. The scheme r.quir.s thr.e evaluations of the function and one evaluation of the fir.t der.vative per.iter.tion. Numer.cal examples ar. included to confir. the theor.tical r.sults and to show the competitive per.or.ance of the pr.posed iter.tion scheme.

关键词： nonlinear.equations Ostr.wski method Lagr.nge inter.olation or.er.of conver.ence efficiencyindex

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Compar.ng the tr.nsmission potential fr.m sequence and sur.eillance data of 2009 Nor.h Amer.can influenza pandemic waves

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2023年第1期8卷 240-252页

作者： Venkata r.Duvvur. Joseph T.Hicks Lambodhar.Damodar.n Mar.in Gr.nnill Thomas Br.ukmann Jianhong Wu Jonathan B.Gubbay Samir.N.Patel Justin bahl Public Health Ontar.o TorontoOntarioCanada Depar.ment of Labor.tor. Medicine and Pathobiology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada Labor.tor. for.Industr.al and Applied Mathematics Department of Mathematics and StatisticsYork UniversityTorontoOntarioCanada Center.for.the Ecology of Infectious Disease Department of Infectious DiseasesInstitute of BioinformaticsUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgia Depar.ment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Institute of BioinformaticsUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgia Duke-NUS Gr.duate Medical School Singapore

Technological advancements in phylodynamic modeling coupled with the accessibility of r.al-time pathogen genetic data ar. incr.asingly impor.ant for.under.tanding the infectious disease tr.nsmission *** this study,we compar. the tr.nsmission potentials of Nor.h Amer.can influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 der.ved fr.m sequence data to that der.ved fr.m sur.eillance *** impact of the choice of tr.e-pr.or.,infor.ative epidemiological pr.or.,and evolutionar. par.meter. on the tr.nsmission potential estimation is *** Amer.can Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 hemagglutinin(HA)gene sequences ar. analyzed using the coalescent and bir.h-death tr.e pr.or.models to estimate the basic r.pr.duction number.r.(0)).Epidemiological pr.or. gather.d fr.m published liter.tur. ar. used to simulate the bir.h-death skyline ***-sampling mar.inal likelihood estimation is conducted to assess model fit.A bibliogr.phic sear.h to gather.sur.eillancebased r.(0)values wer. consistently lower.mean≤1.2)when estimated by coalescent models than by the bir.h-death models with infor.ative pr.or. on the dur.tion of infectiousness(mean≥1.3 to≤2.88 days).The user.defined infor.ative pr.or. for.use in the bir.h-death model shift the dir.ctionality of epidemiological and evolutionar. par.meter. compar.d to non-infor.ative *** ther. was no cer.ain impact of clock r.te and tr.e height on the r.(0)estimation,an opposite r.lationship was obser.ed between coalescent and bir.h-death tr.e *** was no significant differ.nce(p=0.46)between the bir.h-death model and sur.eillance r. *** study concludes that tr.epr.or.methodological differ.nces may have a substantial impact on the tr.nsmission potential estimation as well as the evolutionar. *** study also r.por.s a consensus between the sequence-based r.(0)estimation and sur.eillanceased r.(0)***,these outcomes shed light on the potential r.le of phylodynamic modeling to augment existing sur.eillance

关键词： Phylodynamics Pandemic 2009 H1N1 r.pr.duction number Coalescent gr.wth models Bir.h-death models Pathogen sequence data Public health

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Temper.tur. sensitivity of soil or.anic matter.decomposition var.es with biochar.application and soil type

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Pedospher. 2020年第3期30卷 336-342页

作者： Tatiana Fr.TTL Luiza CANISAr.S Edvaldo SAGr.LO Klaus BUTTEr.ACH-bahl Michael DANNENMANN Car.os EPCEr.I Soil Science Depar.ment Luiz de Queiroz College of AgricultureUniversity of São PauloPiracicabaSão Paulo 13418-900(Brazil Kar.sr.he Institute of Technology Institute of Meteorology and Climate ResearchAtmospheric Environmental Research(IMK-IFU)Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467Germany Br.zilian Agr.cultur.l r.sear.h Cor.or.tion(Embr.pa Meio-Nor.e) TeresinaPiauí70770-901Brazil

Biochar.application has the potential to impr.ve soil fer.ility and incr.ase soil car.on stock, especially in tr.pical r.gions. Infor.ation on the temper.tur. sensitivity of car.on dioxide(CO2) evolution fr.m biochar.amended soils at ver. high temper.tur.s, as obser.ed for.tr.pical sur.ace soils, is limited but ur.ently needed for.the development of r.gion-specific biochar.management tar.eted to optimize biochar.effects on soil functions. Her., we investigated the temper.tur. sensitivity of soil r.spir.tion to the addition of differ.nt r.tes of Miscanthus biochar.0, 6.25, 12.5, and 25 Mg ha-1) in two types of soils with contr.sting textur.s. Biochar.amended soil tr.atments and their.contr.ls wer. incubated at constant temper.tur.s of 20, 30, and 40℃. Over.ll, our.r.sults show that: i) consider.ng data fr.m all tr.atments and temper.tur.s, the addition of biochar.decr.ased soil CO2 emissions when compar.d to untr.ated soils;ii) CO2 emissions fr.m biochar.amended soils had a higher.temper.tur. sensitivity than those fr.m biochar.fr.e soils;iii) the temper.tur. sensitivity of soil r.spir.tion in sandy soils was higher.than that in clay soils;and iv) for.clay soils, r.lative incr.ases in soil CO2 emissions fr.m biochar.amended soils wer. higher.when the temper.tur. incr.ased fr.m 30 to 40℃, while for.sandy soils, the highest temper.tur. r.sponses of soil r.spir.tion wer. obser.ed when incr.asing the temper.tur. fr.m 20 to 30℃. Together. these findings suggest a significantly r.duced potential to incr.ase soil or.anic car.on stocks when Miscanthus biochar.is applied to tr.pical soils at high sur.ace temper.tur.s, which could be counter.cted by the soil-and weather.specific timing of biochar.application.

关键词： car.on dioxide clay soil gr.enhouse gas emission Miscanthus biochar sandy soil tr.pical soil

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The emer.ence of pandemic influenza vir.ses

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Pr.tein & Cell 2010年第1期1卷 9-13页

作者： Yi Guan Dhanasekar.n Vijaykr.shna Justin bahl Huachen Zhu Jia Wang Gavin J.D.Smith State Key Labor.tor. of Emer.ing Infectious Diseases Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina

Pandemic influenza has posed an incr.asing thr.at to public health wor.dwide in the last *** the 20th centur.,thr.e human pandemic influenza outbr.aks occur.ed in 1918,1957 and 1968,causing significant mor.ality.A number.of hypotheses have been pr.posed for.the emer.ence and development of pandemic vir.ses,including dir.ct intr.duction into humans fr.m an avian or.gin and r.assor.ment between avian and pr.viously cir.ulating human vir.ses,either.dir.ctly in humans or.via an inter.ediate mammalian ***,the evolutionar. histor. of the pandemic vir.ses has been contr.ver.ial,lar.ely due to the lack of backgr.und genetic infor.ation and r.gor.us phylogenetic *** pandemic that emer.ed in ear.y Apr.l 2009 in Nor.h Amer.ca pr.vides a unique oppor.unity to investigate its emer.ence and development both in human and animal *** genetic analyses of data accumulated thr.ugh long-ter. influenza sur.eillance pr.vided insights into the emer.ence of this novel pandemic *** this r.view,we summar.se the r.cent liter.tur. that descr.bes the evolutionar. pathway of the pandemic *** also discuss the implications of these findings on the ear.y detection and contr.l of futur. pandemics.

关键词： pandemic influenza influenza vir.s pandemics contr.l

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Human activities aggr.vate nitr.gen-deposition pollution to inland water.over.China

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National Science r.view 2020年第2期7卷 430-440页

作者： Yang Gao Feng Zhou Philippe Ciais Chiyuan Miao Tao Yang Yanlong Jia Xudong Zhou Butter.ach-bahl Klaus Tiantian Yang Guir.i Yu Key Labor.tor. of Ecosystem Networ. Obser.ation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Labor.tor. of Lake Science and Envir.nment Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Sino-Fr.nch Institute for.Ear.h System Science College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Labor.toir. des Sciences du Climat et de l'Envir.nnement CEA CNRS UVSQ State Key Labor.tor. of Ear.h Sur.ace Pr.cesses and r.sour.e Ecology Beijing Normal University State Key Labor.tor. of Hydr.logy-Water.r.sour.es and Hydr.ulic Engineer.ng Center for Global Change and Water Cycle Hohai University Institute for.Meteor.logy and Climate r.sear.h Atmospheric Environmental Research Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Depar.ment of Civil and Envir.nmental Engineer.ng University of California

In the past thr.e decades, China has built mor. than 87 000 dams with a stor.ge capacity of ≈6560 km3and the total sur.ace ar.a of inland water.has incr.ased by 6672 km2. Leaching of N fr.m fer.ilized soils to r.ver. is the main sour.e of N pollution in China, but the exposur. of a gr.wing inland water.ar.a to dir.ct atmospher.c N deposition and N leaching caused by N deposition on the ter.estr.al ecosystem, together.with incr.ased N deposition and decr.ased N flow, also tends to r.ise N concentr.tions in most inland water.. The contr.bution of this pr.viously ignor.d sour.e of N deposition to fr.shwater. is estimated in this study, as well as mitigation str.tegies. The r.sults show that the annual amounts of N depositions r.nged fr.m 4.9 to 16.6 kg · ha-1· yr.1in the 1990 s to exceeding 20 kg · ha-1· yr.1in the 2010 s over.most of r.gions in China, so the total mass of N(the net contr.bution of N deposition to the incr.ase in N concentr.tion) for.lakes, r.ver. and r.ser.oir. change fr.m 122.26 Gg N · yr.1in the 1990 s to 237.75 Gg N· yr.1in the 2010 s. It is suggested that r.ducing the N deposition fr.m var.ous sour.es, shor.ening the water.r.tention time in dams and decr.asing the degr.e of r.gulation for.r.ver. ar. thr.e main measur.s for.pr.venting a continuous incr.ase in the N-deposition pollution to inland water.in China.

关键词： N deposition N concentr.tion dam water.ar.a human activity

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latr.genic aor.ic pseudoaneur.sm following anter.or.tho- r.cic spine sur.er. masquer.ding as chr.nic infection

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Chinese Jour.al of Tr.umatology 2013年第6期16卷 368-370页

作者： Vijay Goni A jay bahl Nir.al r.j Gopinathan Vibhu Kr.shnan r.jesh Kumar Depar.ment of Or.hopaedics Postgraduate Institute ofMedical Research and Education Chandigarh India

Abstr.ct：Late vascular.complications involving aor.a ar. r.r. but devastating adver.ities following anter.or.thor.cic spine oper.tions ar. *** cur.ent ar.icle descr.bes our.exper.ence with one such patient who had an iatr.genic pseudoaneur.sm of the thor.cic aor.a,mimicking *** patient was tr.ated successfully following concomitant effor.s by multidisciplinar. exper.s with *** wish to highlight upon the significance of r.cognizing the possible sinister.consequences of a danger.usly pr.minent spinal implant and the r.le of a suspicious sur.eon in identifying these menacing complications at the r.ght time。

关键词：慢性感染主动脉动脉瘤假性外科脊柱伪装并发症

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A hybr.d BFA-PSO algor.thm for.economic dispatch with valve-point effects

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Fr.ntier. in Ener.y 2012年第2期6卷 155-163页

作者： T.JAYABAr.THI Pr.teek bahl Har.ha OHr. Afshin YAZDANI V. r.MESH School of Electr.cal Engineer.ng V I T University Vellore 632014India

This paper.pr.sents a novel and efficient method for.solving the economic dispatch （ED） pr.blems with valve-point effects, by integr.ting the biased velocity of par.icle swar. optimization （PSO） to the chemotaxis, swar.ing and r.pr.duction steps of bacter.al for.ging algor.thm （BFA）. To include valve point effects sinusoidal ter.s ar. added to the fuel cost function. This makes the ED pr.blems highly non-linear. In or.er.to solve such pr.blems the best cell （or.par.icle） biased velocity （vector. is added to the r.ndom velocity of the BFA to r.duce r.ndomness in movement （evolution） and to incr.ase swar.ing. This r.sults in the hybr.d bacter.al for.ging algor.thm （HBFA）. To demonstr.te the effectiveness of the pr.posed HBFA method, numer.cal studies have been per.or.ed for.thr.e differ.nt sample systems. Compar.son of the r.sults obtained by the HBFA with the BFA and other.evolutionar. algor.thms clear.y show that the pr.posed method outper.or.s other.methods in ter.s of conver.ence r.te and solution quality in solving the ED pr.blems with valve-point effects.

关键词： bacter.al for.ging algor.thm (BFA) economic dispatch (ED) par.icle swar. optimization (PSO) valve- point effects

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