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Assessment of the performance of the TOPGNSS and ANN-MB antennas for ionospheric measurements using low-cost u-blox GNSS receivers

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2024年第3期15卷 291-301页

作者： Daniel Okoh Aderonke Obafaye Oluwakemi Dare-Idowu babatunde Rabiu Anton Kashcheyev Claudio Cesaroni John Bosco Habarulema Bruno Nava United Nations African Regional Centre for Space Science and Technology Education-English(UN-ARCSSTE-E) Obafemi Awolowo University CampusIle IfeNigeria National Institute for Geophysics and Volcanology(INGV) 00143 RomeItaly Institute for Space Science and Engineering African University of Science and TechnologyAbujaNigeria University of New Brunswick FrederictonCanada South African National Space Agency(SANSA) P.O Box 32Hermanus 7200South Africa Department of Physics and Electronics Rhodes University6140 MakhandaSouth Africa The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics Strada Costiera11I-34151 TriesteItaly

Low-cost GNSS receivers have recently been gaining reliability as good candidates for ionospheric studies. In line with these gains are genuine concerns about improving the performance of these receivers. In this work, we present a comprehensive investigation of the performances of two antennas(the u-blox ANN-MB and the TOPGNSS TOP-106) used on a low-cost GNSS receiver known as the u-blox ZED-F9P. The two antennas were installed on two identical and co-located u-blox receivers. Data used from both receivers cover the period from January to June 2022. Results from the study indicate that the signal strengths are dominantly greater for the receiver with the TOPGNSS antenna than for the receiver with the ANN-MB antenna, implying that the TOPGNSS antenna is better than the ANN-MB antenna in terms of providing greater signal strengths. Summarily, the TOPGNSS antenna also performed better in minimizing the occurrence of cycle slips on phase TEC measurements. There are no conspicuous differences between the variances(computed as 5-min standard deviations) of phase TEC measurements for the two antennas, except for a period around May-June when the TOPGNSS gave a better performance in terms of minimizing the variances in phase TEC. Remarkably, the ANN-MB antenna gave a better performance than the TOPGNSS antenna in terms of minimizing the variances in pseudorange TEC for some satellite observations. For precise horizontal(North and East) positioning, the receiver with the TOPGNSS antenna gave better results, while the receiver with the ANN-MB antenna gave better vertical(Up) positioning. The errors for the receivers of both antennas are typically within about 5 m(the monthly mean was usually smaller than 1 m) in the horizontal direction and within about 10 m(the monthly mean was usually smaller than 4 m) in the vertical direction.

关键词： GNSS Ionosphere Low-cost Antenna TOPGNSS U-blox

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Prevalence and Factors Associated with Hypertension among People Living with HIV Receiving Care in Three Large HIV Clinics in Nasarawa State, Nigeria

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World Journal of AIDS 2024年第1期14卷 1-17页

作者： Prosper Okonkwo Oluseye Ajayi Deborah babatunde Dimas Mercy Ezekiel Program Department APIN Public Health Initiatives Abuja Nigeria Community Medicine Department Bingham University Karu Nigeria Prevention and Community Service Directorate APIN Public Health Initiatives Abuja Nigeria Health System Strengthening Directorate APIN Public Health Initiatives Abuja Nigeria

In the last decade, the long-term survival among people living with HIV (PLHIV) has significantly improved. This is accompanied by an increased burden of non-communicable diseases such as hypertension due to the combined effect of the aging population and the metabolic effect of the Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) virion and antiretroviral therapy. This study aims to assess the prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among people living with HIV in three large health facilities in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study employed a multistage sampling technique to select 309 adults with HIV, 18 years and above, receiving HIV care in three large health facilities in Nasarawa State. The outcome variable was the participants’ self-reported history of hypertension, confirmed through a positive history of hypertension treatment. Exposure variables included the participant’s socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and HIV care and treatment history. Data were presented using frequency tables. Factors associated with hypertension were assessed using binary logistic regression at a 0.05 level of statistical significance. A total of 309 adults living with HIV were sampled. A larger percentage of the participants were married 228 (73.8%), female, 191 (61.8%), within the age group 41 - 50 years, 141 (45.6%). Most of the participants had no family history of hypertension, 188 (60.8%). The prevalence of self-reported hypertension was 11.0% (34/309). Factors associated with hypertension at the bivariate level were age group 21 - 30 years, 41 - 50 years, being widow/widower, divorced, retired from employment or with family history of hypertension. Only participants age group 31 - 40 years [Adjusted Odd Ratio (AOR): 0.18, 95%CI: 0.04 - 0.91, p = 0.04] and family history of hypertension [(AOR): 83.44, 95%CI: 15.75 - 442.11, p < 0.01] were found to predict hypertension among the study participants after adjusting for confounders. In c

关键词： HIV HIV Care Hypertension Hypertension Prevalence Nigeria PLHIV

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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Coinfection with Malaria in Selected States in Nigeria

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第2期14卷 442-455页

作者： Oluwagbemiga Olanrewaju Aina Olufemi Samuel Amoo Kazeem Adewale Osuolale Adewale Kayode Ojogbede Azuka Patrick Okwuraiwe David Ayoola Oladele Adesola Zaidat Musa Tajudeen Akanji Bamidele Celestina Onyinye Okoyenta Abideen Olurotimi salako Toyosi Yekeen Raheem Ifeoma Eugenia Idigbe Fehintola Anthonia Ige Joseph Ojonugwa Shaibu Gregory Aigbe Ohihoin Kikelomo Wright Bisola Adebayo Hussein Abdu-Razzaq Abdulrahman Ahmad Mustapha Imam Bashir Bello Tambuwal Muhammad Shuaibu Gobir Richard Ikwuogu Christian Tetsola Gloria Patrick-Ferife Nathaniel Enamuotor Mildred Okowa William Nwachukwu Cornelius Ohonsi Magdalene Egede Chinwe Ochu Ehimario Igumbor Oliver Chukwujekwu Ezechi babatunde.lawal salako Rosemary Ajuma Audu Biochemistry and Nutrition Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Centre for Human Virology and Genomics Microbiology Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Monitoring and Evaluation Unit Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Public Health and Epidemiology Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Clinical Sciences Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Department of Community Health & Primary Health Care Lagos State University College of Medicine Lagos State University Teaching Hospital Lagos Nigeria Research Unit Lagos State Ministry of Health Lagos Nigeria Sokoto State Ministry of Health Sokoto Nigeria Department of Medical Biochemistry Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto Nigeria Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto Nigeria Delta State Ministry of Health Asaba Nigeria Nigeria Centre for Disease Control Abuja Nigeria Center for Infectious Disease Research Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Plasmodium species are the causative agents of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and malaria respectively with similar clinical presentations. The objective of this study is to determine the burden of co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and malaria in the general population. Five (5 mLs) of blood samples were collected for SARS-CoV-2 and malaria parasite test. The malaria test was performed using a commercially available one-step malaria antigen Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (Pf HRP-II) rapid test kit. The results of the study showed that the participants that were coinfected with SARS-CoV-2 IgG and malaria were 13 (2.5%) in Lagos, 1114 (39.1%) in Delta and 49 (2.3%) in Sokoto States. The prevalence of coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and malaria in urban areas in Lagos, Delta and Sokoto States were 7 (2.2%), 1373 (48.1%), and 5 (0.2%) respectively. In rural areas, the prevalence of coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and malaria in Lagos, Delta and Sokoto States were 6 (0.3%), 365 (12.8%), and 44 (2.1%) respectively in this study. This suggests that participants in the urban areas were more prone to co-infections than the rural areas in Lagos and Delta states, while it was otherwise in Sokoto State. In conclusion, the co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and malaria was very high in Delta State compared to the other States. It is important for clinics to screen for both diseases when patients present with symptoms of malaria. This is because the infections have similar symptoms and the public is quick to assume malaria infection without diagnosing for COVID-19 and vice versa.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Malaria Coinfection

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Multi-Organ Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies for Cystic Fibrosis

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第5期12卷 312-329页

作者： Oluwaseun babatunde Ogonna William David Richard Ifeanyichukwu Ikwugbado Oluwaseyi Oyewole Fetal Research and Therapy Program Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine Winston-Salem NC USA Department of Chemistry University of Houston Houston TX USA Biotechnology Graduate Program School of Sciences and Engineering The American University in Cairo New Cairo Egypt

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is the most common lethal autosomal inherited disorder that affects all races and ethnicities in the United States. However, it is mostly predominant in the Caucasian populace accounting for about 80% of all CF cases. CF most severe complication can be referred to as pulmonary bronchiectasis and infections of the airways, nonetheless, the devastating effects of the disease have far-reaching consequences beyond lung damage. CF is a heterogeneous disease that is caused by mutations in Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene. The impairment or absence of this gene can affect multiple organs and systems and is characterized not only by chronic lung blockage, infections, and inflammation but also by exocrine gland dysfunction, intestinal obstruction, liver pathology, elevated sweat chloride concentration, and in males, infertility due to the congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens. To this end, we briefly explore the pathological effects of CF and how CF mediates the destruction of several critical organs in the body and some of the gene therapeutical approaches such as gene editing and viral-based strategies available for the treatment of this multi-organ disease.

关键词： Cystic Fibrosis Gene Therapy Organ Damage

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Detection of Partial and Extended Blockages: A Case Study of Edible Oil Pipeline System

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2024年第3期12卷 204-223页

作者： babatunde Victor Omidiji Ayodele Abeeb Daniyan Adeniyi Taiwo Kunle Michael Oluwasegun Department of Mechanical Engineering Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria Department of Materials Science and Engineering Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria Department of Mechanical Engineering First Technical University Ibadan Nigeria Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Manitoba Manitoba Canada

This work focuses on the development and implementation of a simulation-based approach for the detection of partial and extended blockages within an edible oil pipeline system. Blockages, whether partial or extended, pose a significant operational and safety risks. This study employs computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to model the flow behaviour of edible oil through pipeline under varying conditions. It leverages advanced computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to analyze pressure, velocity, and temperature variations along the pipeline. By simulating scenarios with different blockage characteristics, there is establishment of distinctive patterns indicative of partial and extended obstructions. Through extensive analysis of simulation data, sensing element, and monitoring system, processing signal input and response output, the system can accurately pinpoint the location and severity of blockages, providing crucial insights for timely intervention. The detection system represents a significant advancement in pipeline monitoring technology, offering a proactive and accurate approach to identify blockages and mitigate potential risks and ensure the uninterrupted flow of edible oil, thereby enabling timely intervention and maintenance.

关键词： Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Simulations Pipeline Blockages

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Retinoscopes:Past and present

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World Journal of Methodology 2024年第3期14卷 126-140页

作者： Mutali Musa Ehimare Enaholo babatunde Ismail Bale Carlo Salati Leopoldo Spadea Marco Zeppieri Department of Optometry University of BeninBenin 300283Nigeria Department of Ophthalmology Africa Eye Laser CentreBenin 300105Nigeria Department of Ophthalmology Centre for Sight AfricaNkpor 434101Nigeria Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital of UdineUdine 33100Italy Eye Clinic Policlinico Umberto I"Sapienza"University of RomeRome 00142Italy

BACKGROUND Retinoscopy is arguably the most important method in the eye clinic for diagnosing and managing refractive *** of retinoscopy include its noninvasive nature,ability to assess patients of all ages,and usefulness in patients with limited cooperation or communication *** To discuss the history of retinoscopes and examine current literature on the *** A search was conducted on the PubMed and with the reference citation analysis(https://***)database using the term"Retinoscopy,"with a range restricted to the last 10 years(2013-2023).The search string algorithm was:"Retinoscopy"(MeSH Terms)OR"Retinoscopy"(All Fields)OR"Retinoscopes"(All Fields)AND[(All Fields)AND 2013:2023(pdat)].RESULTS This systematic review included a total of 286 *** reviewed iterations of the retinoscope into autorefractors,infrared photo retinoscope,television retinoscopy,and the Wifi enabled digital *** The retinoscope has evolved significantly since its discovery,with a significant improvement in its diagnostic *** it has advantages such as non-invasiveness and broad applicability,limitations exist,and the need for skilled interpretation *** ongoing research,including the integration of artificial intelligence,retinoscopy is expected to continue advancing and playing a vital role in eye care.

关键词： Retinoscopy Autorefractor Refractive errors Ophthalmology Optics Artificial intelligence

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Evaluation of COVID-19 Cases and Vaccinations in the State of Georgia, United States: A Spatial Perspective

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2024年第3期16卷 167-182页

作者： Oluwaseun Ibukun Olawale Oluwafemi Oluwaseun babatunde Fahmina Binte Ibrahim Yahaya Danjuma Samson Lamela Mela Department of Geography and Planning University of Toledo Toledo Ohio USA Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine Winston-Salem North Carolina USA Department of Geography and Environment Texas State University San Marcos Texas USA School of Earth Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK Direct Line Group Leeds UK

This study evaluates the distribution of COVID-19 cases and mass vaccination campaigns from January 2020 to April 2023. There are over 235,000 COVID-19 cases and over 733,000 vaccinations across the 159 counties in the state of Georgia. Data on COVID-19 was acquired from *** while the vaccination records were obtained from COVID-19 vaccination tracker. The spatial patterns across the counties were analyzed using spatial statistical techniques which include both global and local spatial autocorrelation. The study further evaluates the effect of vaccination and selected socio-economic predictors on COVID-19 cases across the study area. The result of hotspot analysis reveals that the epicenters of COVID-19 are distributed across Cobb, Fulton, Gwinnett, and DeKalb counties. It was also affirmed that the vaccination records followed the same pattern as COVID-19 cases’ epicenters. The result of the spatial error model performed well and accounted for a considerable percentage of the regression with an adjusted R squared of 0.68, Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) 387.682 and Breusch-Pagan of 9.8091. ESDA was employed to select the main explanatory variables. The selected variables include vaccination, population density, percentage of people that do not have health insurance, black race, Hispanic and these variables accounted for 68% of the number of COVID-19 cases in the state of Georgia during the study period. The study concludes that both COVID-19 cases and vaccinated individuals have spatial peculiarities across counties in Georgia state. Lastly, socio-economic variables and vaccination are very important to reduce the vulnerability of individuals to COVID-19 disease.

关键词： COVID-19 Vaccination Spatial Autocorrelation Georgia Spatial Pattern Spatial Regression

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Feasibility Study of Assist-Linked Brief Intervention for Substance Use Disorders in a Rural Community of Plateau State, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第3期14卷 206-222页

作者： Nwoga Charles Nnaemeka Audu Moses David Sambo Jacob Dusu Mafai Danboyi Kwei Dakwak Samuel Joseph Ndak Andarawus Zuhumnan babatunde Stephen Psychiatry Department Faculty of Clinical Sciences College of Health Sciences University of Jos Jos Nigeria Department of Community Medicine Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos Nigeria Psychology Department Quintessential Healthcare Centre Jos Plateau State Nigeria Psychology Department University of Jos Jos Nigeria Plateau State Hospital Management Board Jos Plateau State Nigeria Department of Psychology Olabisi Onabanjo University Ago-Iwoye Ogun State Nigeria

Objective: We studied the feasibility of using Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) linked with Brief Intervention (ALBI) in treating Substance Use Disorder in Nigeria. There is a clear gap in meeting the needs for treatment and care for people with drug use disorders in Nigeria with many users reporting a self-perceived need for treatment and about 40% of them wanting to receive drug treatment but were unable to access such services. Methods: ASSIST questionnaire was used to gather baseline data, and ALBI along with Motivational Interviewing (MI) was used to intervene for 6 weeks following which ASSIST score was repeated and compared with baseline. Results: Majority of the participants were aged 21 - 30 years, mostly males with (61.3%) lacking steady jobs. Lifetime prevalence of any drug use was (88.2%). Three months prevalence was nicotine (72.0%), alcohol (66.7%), cannabis (47.3%), opioids (11.8%) among others. The ASSIST scores were mostly on the severe ranges. ASSIST result after six weeks showed marked reduction. The Mean Difference (MD) in the ASSIST scores after intervention was significant for tobacco, opioids, alcohol, and cannabis. The Cohen’s D effect size was large for tobacco (1.08), alcohol (0.92) and cannabis (0.73) but low for other substances. Conclusion: ALBI along with MI was helpful in combating the menace of substance use.

关键词： ASSIST ALBI SUD Rural Community Nigeria

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A Cross-Sectional Study on the Impact of Operation Triple Zero (OTZ) Program on Viral Load Suppression amongst Members of the Adolescent Club in 68 Nigerian Army Reference Hospital Yaba Lagos, Nigeria

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World Journal of AIDS 2024年第2期14卷 35-44页

作者： Nkechinyere Harrison Ismail lawal Yakubu Adamu Kehinde Aribisala Adegbenga Olarinoye Uzoamaka Agbaim Funmilayo Owolabi Dooshima Okonkwo Laura Chittenden Nathan Okeji Centre for Infectious Disease Clinic 68 Nigerian Army Reference Hospital Lagos Nigeria United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa Abuja Nigeria Henry Jackson Foundation Medical Research International LTD/GTE Abuja Nigeria Nigerian Ministry of Defence Health Implementation Program Abuja Nigeria

Background: In Nigeria, adolescents and young people (AYP) aged 10 - 24, comprise 22.3% of the population and with HIV prevalence of 3.5%. The AYP living with HIV enrolled at the 68 NARHY, Lagos reflects the national challenges with poor viral suppression. The OTZ program aligns with the UNAIDS 95-95-95 goals. It seeks to empower AYPLHIV to be in charge of their treatment and commit to triple zero outcomeszero missed appointments, zero missed drugs, and zero viral loads. The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of the OTZ program on viral load suppression among members of the adolescent club in 68 NARHY, Lagos. Method: A cross-sectional retrospective study to evaluate the impact of the OTZ program on the viral load of 53 AYP enrolled in the OTZ program between March 2019 to December 2019 was analyzed. The Percentage of viral load suppression before enrollment compared with 6 and 12 months after enrollment into the OTZ program. The AYP is grouped into 10 - 14, 15 - 19, and 20 - 24 years. Activities conducted were peer driven monthly meetings with the AYP during which the adolescents interacted on issues relating to improving their treatment outcomes, healthcare workers reviewed their clinical status, viral load result, provider peer counseling, and caregivers engagement to support adherence to medication and ARV refills. Results: Before OTZ, 81% aged 10 - 14 years, 75% aged 15 - 19 years, and 25% aged 20 - 24 years were virally suppressed (VL less than 1000 copies/ml). Six months after enrollment, 94% were virally suppressed95% aged 10 - 14 years, 96% aged 15 - 19 years, and 66% aged 20-24 years. Twelve months after enrollment, 96% of AYP were virally suppressed100% aged 10-14 years, 93% aged 15 - 19 years, and 100% aged 20 - 24 years. Males viral load (VL) suppression improved from 79% to 96% and 92%, while females VL suppression improved from 69% to 93% and 100% at 6 and 12 months respectively. Conclusion: The OTZ activities contributed to improved viral l

关键词： Impact Operation Triple Zero Adolescent Viral Load Nigeria

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Combatting anthrax outbreaks across Nigeria's national land borders: need to optimize surveillance with epidemiological surveys

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 100-100页

作者： Hammed O.Mogaji babatunde Adewale Stella I.Smith Ehimario U.Igumbor Chidumebi J.Idemili Andrew W.Taylor-Robinson Yale School of Public Health Yale University New Haven USA Parasitology and Epidemiology Unit Federal University Oye-Ekiti Oye-Ekiti Nigeria Department of Public Health and Epidemiology Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Centre for Infectious Disease Research Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Department of Public Health Walter Sisulu University Mthatha South Africa Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation University of Toronto Toronto Canada College of Health Sciences Vin University Hanoi Vietnam Center for Global Health Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA

Background Anthrax is a non-contagious zoonotic disease caused by the Gram-positive,spore-forming bac-terium Bacillus *** is common in livestock and wild animals such as cattle,goats,sheep,camels,and *** humans,anthrax may occur after contact with contaminated carcasses or animal products like milk and *** best method to prevent anthrax in people is to ensure livestock are vaccinated,which significantly limits the risk of zoonotic spread to ***,the rate of vaccination of domesticated animals kept by nomadic pastoralists in West Africa is *** groups regularly cross over national boundaries with their grazing *** is a country that historically has done comparatively well to contain this public health ***,in 2023 several outbreaks of human disease appear linked to the consumption of anthrax-contaminated animal products brought into Nigeria by pastoralists from neighboring *** manifestations include skin sores or ulcers,nausea,vomiting,and *** article aims to raise awareness of recent outbreaks of anthrax in West Africa and to callfor a renewed focus on measures to combat this neglected public health concern to the *** body The imperative to pinpoint pivotal issues relating to the ongoing emergence of anthrax cases in Nigeria cannot be *** delving into the prevalence of anthrax in both livestock and human populations residing along Nigeria's borders,unraveling the genetic diversity and potential sources of *** strains,and identify-ing the primary animal host(s)responsible for transmission,we stand to enhance our understanding of this critical ***,investigating the multifaceted factors contributing to anthrax transmission,assessing community knowledge and practices,mapping common migratory routes of pastoralists,and formulating targeted interven-tion strategies tailored to the challenges of border communities,are each crucial steps towards eff

关键词： border Combat doubt

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