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Assessment of humoral immunity and nutritionally essential trace elements in steady-state sickle cell disease Nigerian children before and after Prevenar 13 pneumococcal vaccination

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Blood Science 2022年第3期4卷 170-173页

作者： Ganiyu Olatunbosun Arinola Elizabeth Disu adedokun babatunde Christopher Olopade Olufunmilayo Olopade Department of Immunology College of MedicineUniversity of IbadanNigeria Department of Pediatrics Lagos State University Teaching HospitalLagos StateNigeria Department of Medicine and the Center for Global Health University of ChicagoChicagoUSA Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics and the Center for Global Health University of ChicagoChicagoUSA

Background:Children with sickle cell disease(SCD)are particularly prone to pneumococcal infection and administration of Prevenar 13 pneumococcal vaccine in Nigerian children with SCD is yet to be wide *** call for the need to study humoral immune responses stimulated by Prevenar 13 pneumococcal vaccine in SCD children to confirm the benefit or otherwise for the use of Prevenar 13 pneumococcal ***:The levels of humoral(innate and adaptive)immune factors and associated nutritionally essential trace elements were determined following Prevenar 13 pneumococcal vaccination of 23 Nigerian children with *** innate humoral immune factors[Complement factors(C1q and C4),transferrin,ferritin,and C-reactive protein(CRP)]and adaptive humoral immune factors[IgG,IgA,IgM,and IgE]were determined using *** essential trace elements such as iron(Fe),copper(Cu),and zinc(Zn)were measured also using an atomic absorption ***:The serum levels of certain innate humoral immune factors(ferritin,CRP,and C4),only one adaptive humoral immune factors(IgE),and essential trace elements(Fe,Zn,and Cu)were significantly elevated in children with SCD post Prevenar 13 pneumococcal vaccination when compared to prevaccination ***:Vaccination of children with SCD with Prevenar 13 pneumococcal vaccine was associated with increased levels of more innate humoral immune factors than adaptive *** study thus supports the administration of Prevenar 13 pneumococcal vaccination to children with SCD.

关键词： Immunoglobulin classes Innate Immunity Prevenar 13 pneumococcal vaccine Sickle cell disease

Intestinal Helminthic Infection Increases Serum Levels of IL-2 and Decreases Serum TGF-Beta Levels in Nigerian Asthmatic Patients

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Open Journal of Immunology 2014年第1期4卷 1-8页

作者： Ganiyu O. Arinola Oluwafemi Oluwole Regina Oladokun babatunde O. adedokun Olufunmilayo I. Olopade Christopher O. Olopade Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics and the Center for Global Health University of Chicago Chicago USA College of Medicine University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Medicine and the Center for Global Health University of Chicago Chicago USA

Background: Asthma is less common in countries outside the organization for economic cooperation and development (OECD). One suggested mechanism for this disparity is the early life exposure to helminthic infection in non-OECD countries due to predominant Th1 immune response, which down-regulates Th2 responses required for exacerbation of asthma. This report is the first in the literature to describe the effects of helminthic infection on immune responses in asthmatic children compared to non-asthmatic controls. Methods: We administered the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire to 1690 high school students in three rural communities in southwestern Nigeria. Based on questionnaire responses and medical examination, identified asthma cases were matched with controls. Stool samples were collected from all subjects and screened for intestinal helminthic infection. The serum of 12 asthmatics and 12 non-asthmatics (6 with intestinal helminthic infection and 6 without intestinal helminthic infection in each group) were assayed for interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17A, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), granulocyte macrophage colo- ny-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). Results: The mean (±SD) serum levels of IL-2 significantly increased in asthma cases with intestinal helminthic infection compared with asthma cases without infection (41.5 ± 9.7 vs. 29.7 ± 10.3;p = 0.035), controls with intestinal helminthic infection compared with cases without infection (52 ± 4.7 vs. 29.7 ± 10.3;p < 0.001), and controls with intestinal helminthic infection compared to controls without infection (52 ± 4.7 vs. 34.2 ± 10.4;p = 0.003). Mean levels of TGF-β significantly increased in controls without infection compared with asthma cases with infection (1833 ± 93.1 vs. 633.3 ± 294.4;p < 0.001), controls without intestinal helminthic infection compared with asth

关键词： Intestinal Helminthic Cytokines Immune Responses Asthma Children Nigeria

Assessment of the performance of the TOPGNSS and ANN-MB antennas for ionospheric measurements using low-cost u-blox GNSS receivers

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2024年第3期15卷 291-301页

作者： Daniel Okoh Aderonke Obafaye Oluwakemi Dare-Idowu babatunde Rabiu Anton Kashcheyev Claudio Cesaroni John Bosco Habarulema Bruno Nava United Nations African Regional Centre for Space Science and Technology Education-English(UN-ARCSSTE-E) Obafemi Awolowo University CampusIle IfeNigeria National Institute for Geophysics and Volcanology(INGV) 00143 RomeItaly Institute for Space Science and Engineering African University of Science and TechnologyAbujaNigeria University of New Brunswick FrederictonCanada South African National Space Agency(SANSA) P.O Box 32Hermanus 7200South Africa Department of Physics and Electronics Rhodes University6140 MakhandaSouth Africa The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics Strada Costiera11I-34151 TriesteItaly

Low-cost GNSS receivers have recently been gaining reliability as good candidates for ionospheric studies. In line with these gains are genuine concerns about improving the performance of these receivers. In this work, we present a comprehensive investigation of the performances of two antennas(the u-blox ANN-MB and the TOPGNSS TOP-106) used on a low-cost GNSS receiver known as the u-blox ZED-F9P. The two antennas were installed on two identical and co-located u-blox receivers. Data used from both receivers cover the period from January to June 2022. Results from the study indicate that the signal strengths are dominantly greater for the receiver with the TOPGNSS antenna than for the receiver with the ANN-MB antenna, implying that the TOPGNSS antenna is better than the ANN-MB antenna in terms of providing greater signal strengths. Summarily, the TOPGNSS antenna also performed better in minimizing the occurrence of cycle slips on phase TEC measurements. There are no conspicuous differences between the variances(computed as 5-min standard deviations) of phase TEC measurements for the two antennas, except for a period around May-June when the TOPGNSS gave a better performance in terms of minimizing the variances in phase TEC. Remarkably, the ANN-MB antenna gave a better performance than the TOPGNSS antenna in terms of minimizing the variances in pseudorange TEC for some satellite observations. For precise horizontal(North and East) positioning, the receiver with the TOPGNSS antenna gave better results, while the receiver with the ANN-MB antenna gave better vertical(Up) positioning. The errors for the receivers of both antennas are typically within about 5 m(the monthly mean was usually smaller than 1 m) in the horizontal direction and within about 10 m(the monthly mean was usually smaller than 4 m) in the vertical direction.

关键词： GNSS Ionosphere Low-cost Antenna TOPGNSS U-blox

Morphing the Rules:Advanced Adaptations of Mud in Nigerian Buildings

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2024年第8期18卷 373-383页

作者： Stephen babatunde Ajadi Contemporary Initiative for Research in Design(CIRD) Nigeria

Mud is a ubiquitous building material in Nigeria,perhaps this is the reason why it is hardly seen as the outright building material that it *** most popular contribution of mud to Nigerian architecture can only be seen in the ancient traditional huts all over the *** still a building material in the suburbs of the country,mud is seen as a relic of the past,a symbol of a primitive tale of Nigerian building *** primary effort here is to redefine mud as a“skin”with infinite possibilities of imagery and texture,rather than its typical application as a wall in Nigerian *** is attempted to be expressed via a new geometric vocabulary by re-evaluating its surreptitious properties including its ability to behave like a formally defined NURBS(non-uniform rational basis spline)*** properties of mud and clay are unconventionally simulated in computer modelling and analysis software to understand the ways in which it can be optimized for advanced building *** calculations and algorithmic calculations serve as tools to discover the NURBS-propensity of *** provides a whole new low-cost construction opportunity for the building of irregularly flowing structures.

关键词： Comganisms generate morph mud skin spline texture.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Hypertension among People Living with HIV Receiving Care in Three Large HIV Clinics in Nasarawa State, Nigeria

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World Journal of AIDS 2024年第1期14卷 1-17页

作者： Prosper Okonkwo Oluseye Ajayi Deborah babatunde Dimas Mercy Ezekiel Program Department APIN Public Health Initiatives Abuja Nigeria Community Medicine Department Bingham University Karu Nigeria Prevention and Community Service Directorate APIN Public Health Initiatives Abuja Nigeria Health System Strengthening Directorate APIN Public Health Initiatives Abuja Nigeria

In the last decade, the long-term survival among people living with HIV (PLHIV) has significantly improved. This is accompanied by an increased burden of non-communicable diseases such as hypertension due to the combined effect of the aging population and the metabolic effect of the Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) virion and antiretroviral therapy. This study aims to assess the prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among people living with HIV in three large health facilities in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study employed a multistage sampling technique to select 309 adults with HIV, 18 years and above, receiving HIV care in three large health facilities in Nasarawa State. The outcome variable was the participants’ self-reported history of hypertension, confirmed through a positive history of hypertension treatment. Exposure variables included the participant’s socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and HIV care and treatment history. Data were presented using frequency tables. Factors associated with hypertension were assessed using binary logistic regression at a 0.05 level of statistical significance. A total of 309 adults living with HIV were sampled. A larger percentage of the participants were married 228 (73.8%), female, 191 (61.8%), within the age group 41 - 50 years, 141 (45.6%). Most of the participants had no family history of hypertension, 188 (60.8%). The prevalence of self-reported hypertension was 11.0% (34/309). Factors associated with hypertension at the bivariate level were age group 21 - 30 years, 41 - 50 years, being widow/widower, divorced, retired from employment or with family history of hypertension. Only participants age group 31 - 40 years [Adjusted Odd Ratio (AOR): 0.18, 95%CI: 0.04 - 0.91, p = 0.04] and family history of hypertension [(AOR): 83.44, 95%CI: 15.75 - 442.11, p < 0.01] were found to predict hypertension among the study participants after adjusting for confounders. In c

关键词： HIV HIV Care Hypertension Hypertension Prevalence Nigeria PLHIV

Multi-Organ Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies for Cystic Fibrosis

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第5期12卷 312-329页

作者： Oluwaseun babatunde Ogonna William David Richard Ifeanyichukwu Ikwugbado Oluwaseyi Oyewole Fetal Research and Therapy Program Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine Winston-Salem NC USA Department of Chemistry University of Houston Houston TX USA Biotechnology Graduate Program School of Sciences and Engineering The American University in Cairo New Cairo Egypt

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is the most common lethal autosomal inherited disorder that affects all races and ethnicities in the United States. However, it is mostly predominant in the Caucasian populace accounting for about 80% of all CF cases. CF most severe complication can be referred to as pulmonary bronchiectasis and infections of the airways, nonetheless, the devastating effects of the disease have far-reaching consequences beyond lung damage. CF is a heterogeneous disease that is caused by mutations in Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene. The impairment or absence of this gene can affect multiple organs and systems and is characterized not only by chronic lung blockage, infections, and inflammation but also by exocrine gland dysfunction, intestinal obstruction, liver pathology, elevated sweat chloride concentration, and in males, infertility due to the congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens. To this end, we briefly explore the pathological effects of CF and how CF mediates the destruction of several critical organs in the body and some of the gene therapeutical approaches such as gene editing and viral-based strategies available for the treatment of this multi-organ disease.

关键词： Cystic Fibrosis Gene Therapy Organ Damage

Detection of Partial and Extended Blockages: A Case Study of Edible Oil Pipeline System

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2024年第3期12卷 204-223页

作者： babatunde Victor Omidiji Ayodele Abeeb Daniyan Adeniyi Taiwo Kunle Michael Oluwasegun Department of Mechanical Engineering Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria Department of Materials Science and Engineering Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria Department of Mechanical Engineering First Technical University Ibadan Nigeria Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Manitoba Manitoba Canada

This work focuses on the development and implementation of a simulation-based approach for the detection of partial and extended blockages within an edible oil pipeline system. Blockages, whether partial or extended, pose a significant operational and safety risks. This study employs computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to model the flow behaviour of edible oil through pipeline under varying conditions. It leverages advanced computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to analyze pressure, velocity, and temperature variations along the pipeline. By simulating scenarios with different blockage characteristics, there is establishment of distinctive patterns indicative of partial and extended obstructions. Through extensive analysis of simulation data, sensing element, and monitoring system, processing signal input and response output, the system can accurately pinpoint the location and severity of blockages, providing crucial insights for timely intervention. The detection system represents a significant advancement in pipeline monitoring technology, offering a proactive and accurate approach to identify blockages and mitigate potential risks and ensure the uninterrupted flow of edible oil, thereby enabling timely intervention and maintenance.

关键词： Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Simulations Pipeline Blockages

Evaluation of COVID-19 Cases and Vaccinations in the State of Georgia, United States: A Spatial Perspective

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2024年第3期16卷 167-182页

作者： Oluwaseun Ibukun Olawale Oluwafemi Oluwaseun babatunde Fahmina Binte Ibrahim Yahaya Danjuma Samson Lamela Mela Department of Geography and Planning University of Toledo Toledo Ohio USA Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine Winston-Salem North Carolina USA Department of Geography and Environment Texas State University San Marcos Texas USA School of Earth Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK Direct Line Group Leeds UK

This study evaluates the distribution of COVID-19 cases and mass vaccination campaigns from January 2020 to April 2023. There are over 235,000 COVID-19 cases and over 733,000 vaccinations across the 159 counties in the state of Georgia. Data on COVID-19 was acquired from *** while the vaccination records were obtained from COVID-19 vaccination tracker. The spatial patterns across the counties were analyzed using spatial statistical techniques which include both global and local spatial autocorrelation. The study further evaluates the effect of vaccination and selected socio-economic predictors on COVID-19 cases across the study area. The result of hotspot analysis reveals that the epicenters of COVID-19 are distributed across Cobb, Fulton, Gwinnett, and DeKalb counties. It was also affirmed that the vaccination records followed the same pattern as COVID-19 cases’ epicenters. The result of the spatial error model performed well and accounted for a considerable percentage of the regression with an adjusted R squared of 0.68, Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) 387.682 and Breusch-Pagan of 9.8091. ESDA was employed to select the main explanatory variables. The selected variables include vaccination, population density, percentage of people that do not have health insurance, black race, Hispanic and these variables accounted for 68% of the number of COVID-19 cases in the state of Georgia during the study period. The study concludes that both COVID-19 cases and vaccinated individuals have spatial peculiarities across counties in Georgia state. Lastly, socio-economic variables and vaccination are very important to reduce the vulnerability of individuals to COVID-19 disease.

关键词： COVID-19 Vaccination Spatial Autocorrelation Georgia Spatial Pattern Spatial Regression

Retinoscopes:Past and present

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World Journal of Methodology 2024年第3期14卷 126-140页

作者： Mutali Musa Ehimare Enaholo babatunde Ismail Bale Carlo Salati Leopoldo Spadea Marco Zeppieri Department of Optometry University of BeninBenin 300283Nigeria Department of Ophthalmology Africa Eye Laser CentreBenin 300105Nigeria Department of Ophthalmology Centre for Sight AfricaNkpor 434101Nigeria Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital of UdineUdine 33100Italy Eye Clinic Policlinico Umberto I"Sapienza"University of RomeRome 00142Italy

BACKGROUND Retinoscopy is arguably the most important method in the eye clinic for diagnosing and managing refractive *** of retinoscopy include its noninvasive nature,ability to assess patients of all ages,and usefulness in patients with limited cooperation or communication *** To discuss the history of retinoscopes and examine current literature on the *** A search was conducted on the PubMed and with the reference citation analysis(https://***)database using the term"Retinoscopy,"with a range restricted to the last 10 years(2013-2023).The search string algorithm was:"Retinoscopy"(MeSH Terms)OR"Retinoscopy"(All Fields)OR"Retinoscopes"(All Fields)AND[(All Fields)AND 2013:2023(pdat)].RESULTS This systematic review included a total of 286 *** reviewed iterations of the retinoscope into autorefractors,infrared photo retinoscope,television retinoscopy,and the Wifi enabled digital *** The retinoscope has evolved significantly since its discovery,with a significant improvement in its diagnostic *** it has advantages such as non-invasiveness and broad applicability,limitations exist,and the need for skilled interpretation *** ongoing research,including the integration of artificial intelligence,retinoscopy is expected to continue advancing and playing a vital role in eye care.

关键词： Retinoscopy Autorefractor Refractive errors Ophthalmology Optics Artificial intelligence