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Woody plant encroachment may decrease plant carbon storage in grasslands under future drier conditions

Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第2期13卷 213-223页

作者： Yun-Hua Liu Jun-Hui Cheng bernhard Schmid Li-Song Tang Jian-Dong Sheng Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological ProcessesCollege of Grassland and Environmental ScienceXinjiang Agricultural UniversityUrumqi 830052Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionChina Department of Geography University of ZürichZürichSwitzerland State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of ScienceUrumqi 830011Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionChina

Aims Woody plants are widely distributed in various grassland types along the altitudinal/climatic gradients in Xinjiang,*** previously reported change in carbon(C)storage following woody plant encroachment in grasslands and the mediating effect of climate on this change,we predicted that a positive effect of woody plants on plant C storage in semiarid grasslands may revert to a negative effect in arid *** first investigated the spatial variation of aboveground C(AGC)and belowground C(BGC)storage among grassland types and then tested our *** We measured the living AGC storage,litter C(LC)and BGC storage of plants in two physiognomic types,wooded grasslands(aboveground biomass of woody plants at least 50%)and pure grasslands without woody plants in six grassland types representing a gradient form semiarid to arid conditions across *** Findings Living AGC,LC,BGC and total plant C storage increased from desert to mountain *** increases could also be explained by increasing mean annual precipitation(MAP)or decreasing mean annual temperature(MAT),suggesting that grassland types indeed represented an aridity *** plants had an effect on the plant C storage both in size and in distribution relative to pure *** direction and strength of the effect of woody plants varied with grassland types due to the mediating effect of the climate,with wetter conditions promoting a positive effect of woody *** plants increased vegetation-level AGC through their high AGC relative to herbaceous ***,more negative effects of woody plants on herbaceous plants with increasing aridity led to a weaker increase in the living AGC in arid desert,steppe desert and desert steppe than in the less arid other grassland *** greater aridity(lower MAP and higher MAT),woody plants allocated less biomass to roots and had lower BGC and had a more negative impact on herbaceous plant production,thereb

关键词： woody plant encroachment aridity gradients plant C storage climate grassland types Xinjiang

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UML状态机视图的RSL形式描述(英文)

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北京大学学报（自然科学版） 2005年第3期41卷 344-357页

作者：孙猛张乃孝 bernhard K Aichernig 北京大学数学科学学院北京100871 澳门联合国大学国际软件技术研究所

使用RAISE规范语言RSL给出了UML状态机视图的形式描述。通过这一形式化提出了一种对图形化的UML状态机视图模型的形式化和RSL规范进行集成的框架,这一工作是对UML类图在RSL中形式化的继续,使得人们可以对UML的非形式化模型给出一种精确... 详细信息

使用RAISE规范语言RSL给出了UML状态机视图的形式描述。通过这一形式化提出了一种对图形化的UML状态机视图模型的形式化和RSL规范进行集成的框架,这一工作是对UML类图在RSL中形式化的继续,使得人们可以对UML的非形式化模型给出一种精确、无二义性的语义解释,同时也提高了RSL规范的抽象层次,增强了其可读性、简明性。最后通过一个应用实例,说明这一框架如何用于从UML模型创建对应的形式化规范,并对模型的性质进行了分析。

关键词： UML 状态机 RAISE 形式化

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Chances and risks of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in solid organ transplantation:A review of literatures

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World Journal of Transplantation 2021年第7期11卷 254-262页

作者： Marlene Schwarzenbach Flavia Elena bernhard Cecilia Czerlau Daniel Sidler Department of Nephrology and Hypertension University Hospital Insel BernBern 3010Switzerland

Solid organ transplantation offers life-saving treatment for patients with endorgan *** survival and quality of life have improved over the past few decades as a result of pharmacological development,expansion of the donor pool,technological advances and standardization of practices related to ***,transplantation is associated with cardiovascular complications,of which post-transplant diabetes mellitus(PTDM)is one of the most *** increases mortality,which is best documented in patients who have received kidney and heart *** results from traditional risk factors seen in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,but also from specific posttransplant risk factors such as metabolic side effects of immunosuppressive drugs,post-transplant viral infections and *** hypoglycaemic agents are the first choice for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in non-transplanted ***,the evidence on the safety and efficacy of oral hypoglycaemic agents in transplant recipients is *** favourable risk/benefit ratio,which is suggested by large-scale and long-term studies on new glucoselowering drug classes such as glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors,makes studies warranted to assess the potential role of these agents in the management of PTDM.

关键词： Solid organ transplantation Post-transplant diabetes mellitus Antidiabetic treatment Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors Renoprotection

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Proteome-Based Clustering Approaches Reveal Phylogenetic Insights into Amphistegina

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第6期33卷 1469-1479页

作者： Marleen Stuhr bernhard Blank-Landeshammer Achim Meyer Vera Baumeister Jörg Rahnenführer Albert Sickmann Hildegard Westphal Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research(ZMT) BremenGermany Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V. DortmundGermany Austrian Competence Center for Feed and Food Quality Safety and InnovationWelsAustria Chrestos Concept GmbH&Co KG EssenGermany Department of Statistics TU Dortmund UniversityDortmundGermany Medizinisches Proteom-Center(MPC) Ruhr-Universität BochumBochumGermany Department of Chemistry University of AberdeenOld AberdeenScotlandUK Department of Geosciences Bremen UniversityBremenGermany King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST) ThuwalSaudi Arabia

Foraminifera are highly diverse and have a long evolutionary *** key bioindicators,their phylogenetic schemes are of great importance for paleogeographic applications,but may be hard to recognize *** phylogenetic relationships within the prominent genus Amphistegina are still *** studies on Amphistegina have so far only focused on genetic diversity within single species and suggested a cryptic diversity that demands for further *** molecular sequencing-based approaches,different mass spectrometry-based proteomics approaches are increasingly used to give insights into the relationship between samples and organisms,especially as these do not require reference *** better understand the relationship of amphisteginids and test different proteomics-based approaches we applied de novo peptide sequencing and similarity clustering to several populations of Amphistegina lobifera,*** and *** also analyzed the dominant photosymbiont community to study their influence on holobiont *** analyses indicate that especially de novo peptide sequencing allows to reconstruct the relationship among foraminiferal holobionts,although the detected separation of *** from *** and *** may be partly influenced by their different photosymbiont *** resulting dendrograms reflect the separation in two lineages previously suggested and provide a basis for future studies.

关键词： large benthic foraminifera de novo peptide sequencing tandem mass spectra clustering LC-MS/MS runs proteomics symbiont diversity phylogeography Fragilariales

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Design and simulation of gas burner ejectors

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2021年第1期4卷 28-35页

作者： Mario Pichler Florian Wesenauer Christian Jordan Stefan Puskas bernhard Streibl Franz Winter Michael Harasek Institute of Chemical Environmental&Bioscience EngineeringTU WienGetreidemarkt 9/1661060 ViennaAustria Wienerberger AG Wienerbergerplatz 11100 ViennaAustria DrS3–Strömungsberechnung und Simulation e.U. Simmeringer Hauptstraße 397/1411110 ViennaAustria

Ignition within gas burner ejectors can lead to off design conditions and has significant influence on the burner *** ignition in the ejector should be *** the present study the influence of combustion reactions on the performance of gas burner injectors is *** investigate if ignition is possible,simulated ignition delay times,using a detailed reaction mechanism,are compared to predicted mean residence times of the gas in the *** burner ejectors are designed using one dimensional analytic equations,based on energy and momentum conservation equations and conventional isentropic equations.1D results are compared to 2D computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations,to take into account non-ideal mixing effects along the *** are validated with experiments with air at room temperature.1D results show very good agreement not only with CFD simulations for the case of non-reactive flows,but also with performed *** is shown that the assumption of ideal mixing along the ejector and thus the comparison of the ignition delay time to the gas mean residence time,to predict ignition in the ejector,is not *** in the ejector is possible,even if the ignition delay time is more than thirty times higher than the mean residence *** addition to that,it is shown,that ignition and the choice of reaction mechanism have significant influence on the predicted gas burner ejector ***,the accurate prediction of ignition delay time and the use of a detailed reaction kinetic are mandatory to correctly predict the burner ejector behavior.

关键词： Self-ignition Flammability limits Reacting jet Ejector Jet pump Computational fluid dynamics

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Regulation of cytochrome c oxidase contributes to health and optimal life

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World Journal of Biological Chemistry 2020年第2期11卷 52-61页

作者： bernhard Kadenbach Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgMarburg D-35043HessenGermany

The generation of cellular energy in the form of ATP occurs mainly in mitochondria by oxidative *** c oxidase(CytOx),the oxygen accepting and rate-limiting step of the respiratory chain,regulates the supply of variable ATP demands in cells by“allosteric ATP-inhibition of CytOx.”This mechanism is based on inhibition of oxygen uptake of CytOx at high ATP/ADP ratios and low ferrocytochrome c concentrations in the mitochondrial matrix via cooperative interaction of the two substrate binding sites in dimeric *** mechanism keeps mitochondrial membrane potentialΔΨm and reactive oxygen species(ROS)formation at low healthy *** signals increase cytosolic calcium leading to Ca^2+-dependent dephosphorylation of CytOx subunit I at the cytosolic side accompanied by switching off the allosteric ATPinhibition and monomerization of *** is followed by increase ofΔΨm and formation of ROS.A hypothesis is presented suggesting a dynamic change of binding of NDUFA4,originally identified as a subunit of complex I,between monomeric CytOx(active state with highΔΨm,high ROS and low efficiency)and complex I(resting state with lowΔΨm,low ROS and high efficiency).

关键词： Cytochrome c oxidase Regulation of respiration Allosteric ATP-inhibition NDUFA4 Reversible phosphorylation Efficiency of ATP synthesis Dimerization of cytochrome c oxidase

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Molecular diagnostics in a teacup:Non-Instrumented Nucleic Acid Amplification(NINA) for rapid,low cost detection of Salmonella enterica

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2013年第10期58卷 1162-1168页

作者： KUBOTA Ryo LABARRE Paul WEIGL bernhard H LI Yong HAYDOCK Paul JENKINS Daniel M Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering University of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHI 96822USA Diagenetics IncHonoluluHI 96822USA Program for Appropriate Technologies in Health(PATH) SeattleWA 98109USA Human Nutrition Foodand Animal ScienceUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHI 96822USA Blood Cell Storage Inc(BCSI) SeattleWA 98109USA

We report on the use of a novel non-instrumented platform to enable a Loop Mediated isothermal Amplification(LAMP) based assay for Salmonella *** energy is provided by addition of a small amount(<150 g) of boiling water,and the reaction temperature is regulated by storing latent energy at the melting temperature of a lipid-based engineered phase change *** classification of the reaction is achieved without opening the reaction tube by observing the fluorescence of sequence-specific FRET-based assimilating probes with a simple handheld *** or above 22℃ ambient temperature the non-instrumented devices could maintain reactions above a threshold temperature of 61℃ for over 90 min-significantly longer than the 60 min reaction *** the simple format,detection limits were less than 20 genome copies for reactions run at ambient temperatures ranging from 8 to 36℃.When used with a pre-enrichment step and non-instrumented DNA extraction device,trace contaminations of Salmonella in milk close to 1 CFU/mL could be reliably *** findings illustrate that the non-instrumented amplification approach is a simple,viable,low-cost alternative for field-based food and agricultural diagnostics or clinical applications in developing countries.

关键词：沙门氏菌污染检测设备分子诊断 NINA 核酸扩增成本低反应温度仪表

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Printed microelectrode arrays on soft materials:from PDMS to hydrogels

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npj Flexible Electronics 2018年第1期2卷 111-119页

作者： Nouran Adly Sabrina Weidlich Silke Seyock Fabian Brings Alexey Yakushenko Andreas Offenhausser bernhard Wolfrum Institute of Bioelectronics(ICS-8)and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology Forschungszentrum JulichJulich 52425Germany Neuroelectronics-Munich School of Bioengineering Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringTechnical University of MunichBoltzmannstrase 11D-85749 GarchingGermany

Microelectrode arrays(MEAs)provide promising opportunities to study electrical signals in neuronal and cardiac cell networks,restore sensory function,or treat disorders of the nervous ***,most of the currently investigated devices rely on silicon or polymer materials,which neither physically mimic nor mechanically match the structure of living tissue,causing inflammatory response or loss of ***,we present a new method for developing soft MEAs as bioelectronic *** functional structures are directly deposited on PDMS-,agarose-,and gelatin-based substrates using ink-jet printing as a patterning *** demonstrate the versatility of this approach by printing high-resolution carbon MEAs on PDMS and *** soft MEAs are used for in vitro extracellular recording of action potentials from cardiomyocyte-like HL-1 *** results represent an important step toward the design of next-generation bioelectronic interfaces in a rapid prototyping approach.

关键词： PDMS printing arrays

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Positive effects of tree species diversity on litterfall quantity and quality along a secondary successional chronosequence in a subtropical forest

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第1期10卷 28-35页

作者： Yuanyuan Huang Yinlei Ma Ke Zhao Pascal A.Niklaus bernhard Schmid Jin-Sheng He Department of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciencesand Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking University5 Yiheyuan RoadBeijing 100871China Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies and Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center University of ZürichWinterthurerstrasse 190CH-8057 ZürichSwitzerland

Aims Litterfall,as an important link between aboveground and belowground processes,plays a key role in forest ***,we test for effects of tree species richness on litter production and litter quality in subtropical *** study further encompasses a factorial gradient of secondary succession that resulted from human *** that a large percentage of subtropical forests are in secondary successional stages,understanding the role of biodiversity on forest re-growth after disturbance appears *** From January 2009 to December 2014,we monitored forest litterfall in 27 Comparative Study Plots that spanned a gradient of tree species richness(3-20 species)and secondary successional ages(~20 to 120 years)in Gutianshan Natural Nature Reserve,Zhejiang Province,*** experiment is part of the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning research platform‘BEF-China’.Tree litterfall was collected in monthly intervals using litter *** were separated into leaf and non-leaf *** litter was further sorted into dominant and other *** level monthly leaf litter C and N contents were analysed through a full *** linear mixed-effects models were applied to test for effects of tree species richness and successional age on litter quantity and leaf litter C/*** Findings Litterfall increased with species richness among and within successional age and this effect was consistent across *** older stands had higher litterfall and this effect was related to increased tree species ***,species richness did not change the intra-and inter-annual temporal stability of *** tree species richness increased leaf litter quality(decreased C/N),while successional age had no *** study indicates that more diverse forest stands produce more leaf litter and that this litter has higher N concentrations,which could promote forest growth through accelerated nutrient re-cycling.

关键词： species richness BEF-China litterfall leaf litter C/N subtropical forest secondary succession structural equation models

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Psychobiological Model of Volition— Implications for Mental Disorders

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Open Journal of Medical Psychology 2020年第2期9卷 50-69页

作者： bernhard Mitterauer University of Salzburg Volitronics-Institute for Basic Research WALS Salzburg Austria

A new psychobiological model of volitive processes and its implications for the etiopathology of mental disorders is proposed. The model is based on five elementary volitive processes. These are the volition to act;the volition to self-instrumentalize;the volition to program intentions, the volition to generate realities;and the volition to permanent existence. Imbalances in information processing in tripartite synapses and their network may be responsible for dysfunctions of self-instrumentalization. It is suggested that the volition to permanent existence unconsciously works in mental disorders, but the volition to intentional programming of realities and the volition to generate realities by communication with subjects and objects in their environment are impaired. In depression, the volition to act is constrained by hyperintentional programs that are non-feasible in the environment. In mania volitive processes are totally oriented on events in the environment without any goal-directed pro-gramming. Dysfunctions of volitive processes in schizophrenia are fun-damentally caused by severe impairments of self-instrumentalization. As shown in tripartite synapses a gap between sensory information pro-cessing in the neuronal network and the inner glial networks causes the inability of schizophrenics to distinguish between the self and the other. In delusions, the destiny for communication becomes staged as pseu-do-communication. Together, the study outlines a new model of volitive processes and deduces dysfunctions responsible for communication pa-thology and abnormal reality experiences of patients with mental disor-ders.

关键词： Model of Volition Disorders of Volition Depression Mania Schizophre-nia

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