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Analyzing the Prebiotic Potential of Glucosamine for Targeting the Gut Microbiome Health

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2023年第2期14卷 119-134页

作者： Pranav Pancham Divya Jindal Archita Gupta Deepshikha Yadav Shriya Agarwal Saurabh jha Manisha Singh Department of biotechnology Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT) Noida India Neuroimmunology Laboratory School of Medicine Western Sydney University Campbelltown Australia birla Institute of Technology Mesra India Indian Institute of Technology-kanpur Kanpur India bhartiya Nirdeshak Dravya Division CSIR-National Physical Laboratory New Delhi India Physico-Mechanical Metrology Division CSIR-National Physical Laboratory New Delhi India Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India School of Natural Sciences Macquarie University Sydney Australia Department of biotechnology School of Engineering and Technology Sharda University Greater Noida India

Recognizing the composition and modulation of the microbiome, a viable therapeutic tool for multi-targeted therapy is a new strategy that has recently been explored. Glucosamine (GS) is being studied for its prebiotic potential in addition to being the most abundant and naturally occurring amino monosaccharide. The current study focuses on glucosamine’s prebiotic potential by assessing the stability of various GS concentrations (1% - 5%) in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and its ability to be fermented by the gut microbiota. The results showed that GS stimulated the most growth in L. acidophilus even after a longer incubation time than b. bifidum and L. acidophilus growth was concentration-dependent, with maximum growth at 3% with a simultaneous decrease in pH (5.6 - 1.7). The decrease in GS concentration with time also represented the growth of bacterial species, demonstrating the species’ utilization of GS. Furthermore, at 3%, GS also represented the prebiotic index of 1.9. In addition, the concentration of GS in various simulated GIT fluids was estimated in both fast and fed conditions to examine GS stability at various levels in the gut. The results showed that GS remained unaffected and non-digestible in all of the simulated GIT fluids (salivary, gastric, intestinal, and colonic), but there was a slight decrease in GS concentration (2.8%) in the fasted state of gastric fluid due to low pH levels (1.6). As a result, the findings are conclusive and suggest that GS possesses prebiotic properties.

关键词： Microbiome Enteric Nervous System (ENS) Prebiotic Index Hexosamine biosynthetic Pathway (HbP) Vagal Afferents Phosphotransferase System

Neuroprotective role of 17βestradiol with tachykinin neuropeptide Nkb and Aβ(25 - 35) in aging female rat brain

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Advances in Aging Research 2013年第4期2卷 130-136页

作者： Rashmi jha Abbas Ali Mahdi Shivani Pandey Najma Z. baquer Sudha M. Cowsik king George’s Medical University Lucknow India School of Life Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi India School of Life Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi India king George’s Medical University Lucknow India

The brain experiences structural, molecular and functional alterations during aging. In aging brain tissue, the oxidative stress increases due to decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes and increased oxidative stress leading to neurodegeneration associated with excitotoxicity. In the present study, we observed the effect of tachykinin neuropeptide Neurokinin b (Nkb) and amyloid beta fragment Aβ (25 -?35) on the activity of Acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and Lipid peroxidation (LPO) in brains of 17β estradiol (E2) treated aging female rat synaptosomes of different age groups. An in-vitro incubation of E2 treated brain synaptosomes with Aβ (25 -?35) showed toxic effects on all the parameters. The treatment of Nkb and combined Nkb and Aβ (25 -?35) increased the AChE enzyme activity and decreased the level of LPO in E2 treated aging rats. The treatment of Nkb and combined Nkb and Aβ (25 - 35) in a concentration dependent manner reversed the effects of aging and Aβ (25 -?35) on AChE and LPO. The present finding suggests that E2 along with Nkb reverse aging and Aβ (25 -?35) induced toxicity as well as AChE and LPO levels. The results of the current study showed a possible beneficial role of Nkb with E2 inthe age related neurological diseases.

关键词： Neurokinin b Amyloid beta (25 - 35) Estradiol Neurodegenerative Diseases

Effects of tachykinin neuropeptide Nkb and Aβ(25-35) on antioxidant enzymes status in 17βestradiol treated aging female rats

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Advances in Aging Research 2013年第4期2卷 137-143页

作者： Rashmi jha Abbas Ali Mahdi Shivani Pandey Najma Z. baquer Sudha M. Cowsik chool of Life Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi India king George’s Medical University Lucknow India School of Life Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi India king George’s Medical University Lucknow India

Aging is the leading risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases and oxidative stress involved in the pathophysiology of these diseases. These changes increase during menopausal condition in females when the level of estradiol is decreased. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of tachykinin neuropeptide, Neurokinin b (Nkb) and Amyloid beta fragment Aβ (25 -?35) on 17β estradiol (E2) treated aging female rat synaptosomes of different age groups. Aging brain functions were assayed by measuring the activities of antioxidant enzymes—superoxide dismutase (SOD) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) with neuropeptides. An in-vitro incubation of Aβ (25 -?35) in E2 treated brain synaptosomes showed toxic effects on all the parameters. However, Nkb and Nkb combined with Aβ (25 35) showed stimulating effects in E2 treated rat brain synaptosomes. In the present study, an increase in activity of SOD and decrease in the level of MAO, in the presence of Nkb and combined Nkb and Aβ in E2 treated brain synaptosomes of aging rats. This study elucidates that treatment of Nkb and Aβ with E2 incombination exerts more protective influence than their individual application, against excitotoxicity in age related changes.

关键词： Aging Neurokinin b Amyloid beta (25 - 35) Estradiol Antioxidant Enzymes

Annals of Family Medicine论文摘要汇编——VitalSign6项目结构化方法在基层医疗机构用以筛查和治疗抑郁症的效果研究

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中国全科医学 2019年第28期22卷 3522-3522页

作者： jha M k GRANNEMANN b D TROMbELLO J M 本刊编辑部(整理) 不详

目的本文调查了在美国一个大都市区通过开展一项医疗质量改进工程:VitalSign6项目,旨在提高16个全科诊所(包括6个慈善诊所、6个获得联邦政府认证的医疗保健中心、2个为低收入群体提供医疗服务的私人诊所以及2个为拥有联邦医疗保险或私... 详细信息

目的本文调查了在美国一个大都市区通过开展一项医疗质量改进工程:VitalSign6项目,旨在提高16个全科诊所(包括6个慈善诊所、6个获得联邦政府认证的医疗保健中心、2个为低收入群体提供医疗服务的私人诊所以及2个为拥有联邦医疗保险或私立医疗保险的患者提供医疗服务的私人诊所)对抑郁患者的识别、治疗以及改善此类患者的结局情况。方法本研究为回顾性研究。从上述16个诊所里,招募25000例≥12岁的患者。采用2条目患者健康问卷(PHQ-2)对患者抑郁情况进行筛查。对于问卷筛查结果为阳性的患者,根据患者自我报告的抑郁情况以及临床评估情况进行进一步评估。资料于2014年8月—2016年11月收集,分为3个部分:(1)接受PHQ-2筛查的患者资料(n=25000);(2)PHQ-2筛查结果为阳性的患者资料(n=4325);(3)临床医生诊断为抑郁症并已入院治疗18周或更长时间的患者资料(n=2160)。结果共有17.3%(4325/25000)的患者经PHQ-2筛查为阳性,其中的56.1%(2426/4325)被医生诊断患有抑郁症。在入院治疗18周或更长时间的患者中,64.8%初始治疗为根据自身情况制定的药物疗法,8.9%被转到其他医院接受专业治疗。在初始接受药物治疗的1400例患者中,45.5%的患者没有接受随访,而其他30.2%、12.6%和11.6%的患者则分别接受了1、2、3次或更多次数的随访。接受1、2、3次或更多次随访的患者的病情缓解率分别为20.3%(86/423)、31.6%(56/177)、41.7%(68/163)。基线特征为非白色人种、药物滥用筛查阳性、抑郁/焦虑症状程度较轻和年龄较小的患者在PHQ-2筛查阳性后不愿意参加随访的概率更高。结论尽管常规筛查为抑郁并接受了相关治疗和3次或更多次随访的患者的病情缓解率很高,但是常规筛查为抑郁而不接受治疗和随访的情况严重影响了此类患者的整体预后情况。

关键词：基层医疗机构初始治疗抑郁症筛查论文摘要结构化抑郁患者汇编

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Effect of Doxorubicin on Histomorphology of Liver of Wistar Albino Rats

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Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2016年第4期4卷 174-178页

作者： Deepak Chaudhary Saroj khatiwada Surendra kumar Sah Man kumar Tamang Soumya bhattacharya Chandra bhushan jha M.Sc. Human Anatomy Department of Anatomy Nobel Medical College Biratnagar Nepal MSc. Medical biochemistry Department of Biochemistry Modern Technical College Lalitpur Nepal M Sc. Medical biochemistry Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Central Campus of Technology Dharan Nepal MD Anatomy Department of Human Anatomy B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences Dharan Nepal

Doxorubicin is associated with adverse effects on organs like liver. This study was done to find the effects of doxorubicin on liver of wistar albino rats. Sixty healthy wistar albino rats were taken for the study. The rats were randomly divided in to 4 groups （2 experimental groups; group AI and A2, and 2 control groups;group bland b2 each containing 16 rats）. The experimental groups were given a single dose of doxorubicin i.e. 10 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally and sacrificed after 7 days and 14 days for each group. Rats under control groups were given a single intraperitoneal dose of 2.5 ml/kg body weight normal saline and sacrificed with their respective experimental groups. A significant difference （p 〈 0.001） and （p = 0.005） in final body weight was observed among group A1 experimental and bI control rats, and among group A2 experimental and b2 control rats. As compared to group b2 control, group A2 experimental rats had significantly （p = 0.043） lower liver weight. Diameter ofhepatocyte （p 〈 0.001 for both groups） and nucleus （p=0.004 for group A1 and control bI, and p 〈 0.001 for group A2 and control b2） was significantly higher in experimental rats as compared to their respective controls. Cross-sections of the liver of both control groups had normal architecture. However, there was progressive destruction of liver architecture across the experimental groups. Doxorubicin causes the disruption of normal architecture of liver in rats. Thus care needs to be taken during doxorubicin chemotherapy to minimize effects on river.

关键词： Doxorubicin Histomorphometry Liver Wistar albino rot.

Therapeutic Potential of 17βEstradiol with Tachykinin Neuropeptide Nkb and Aβ(25 - 35) on Na+- k+ATPase Activity in Aging Female Rat brain

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Advances in Aging Research 2015年第2期4卷 19-27页

作者： Rashmi jha Priyanka Mishra Ranjeet kumar Abbas Ali Mahdi Shivani Pandey Najma Zaheer baquer Sudha Mahajan Cowsik School of Life Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi India Department of biochemistry King George’s Medical University Lucknow India

The Na+ - k+ ATPase is an enzyme responsible for the active transport of Na+ and k+ in most eukaryotic cells. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of Tachykinin neuropeptide, Neurokinin b (Nkb) and Amyloid beta fragment Aβ (25 - 35) on 17β estradiol (E2) treated aging female rat brain synaptosomes of different age groups, by assaying Na+ - k+ ATPase enzyme activity. An in vitro incubation of isolated synaptosomes with Aβ (25 - 35) showed toxic effects while Nkb showed stimulating effect on the Na+ - k+ ATPase activity, and the combined Nkb + Aβ (25 - 35) incubations showed a partial effect as compared to the Aβ (25 - 35) alone. To understand whether E2 affects the expression of Na+ - k+ ATPase molecules, we examined the expression of Na+ - k+ ATPase subunit α1 and β2 in E2 treated aging female rat brain synaptosomes. The enzyme was quantified by SDS PAGE in control and E2 treated rat brain. We observed that the expression of α1 and β2 Na+ - k+ ATPase molecules increased and reversed to a normal level in E2 treated synaptosomes. These results confirmed that E2 increased turnover of Na+ - k+ ATPase molecules in aging rat brain. The present findings also suggest a possible role of Nkb with E2 in the age related changes in the brain.

关键词： Na+ - k+ ATPase Aging Neurokinin b Amyloid beta (25 - 35) Estradiol

Einstein Probe discovery of EP240408a: A peculiar X-ray transient with an intermediate timescale

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 222-240页

作者： Wenda Zhang Weimin Yuan Zhixing Ling Yong Chen Nanda Rea Arne Rau Zhiming Cai Huaqing Cheng Francesco Coti Zelati Lixin Dai Jingwei Hu Shumei Jia Chichuan Jin Dongyue Li Paul O’brien Rongfeng Shen Xinwen Shu Shengli Sun Xiaojin Sun Xiaofeng Wang Lei Yang bing Zhang Chen Zhang Shuang-Nan Zhang Yonghe Zhang Jie An David buckley Alexis Coleiro bertrand Cordier Liming Dou Rob Eyles-Ferris Zhou Fan Hua Feng Shaoyu Fu Johan P.U.Fynbo Lluis Galbany Saurabh W.jha Shuaiqing Jiang Albert kong Erik kuulkers Weihua Lei Wenxiong Li bifang Liu Mingjun Liu Xing Liu Yuan Liu Zhu Liu Chandreyee Maitra Alessio Marino Itumeleng Monageng kirpal Nandra Jeremy Sanders Roberto Soria Lian Tao Junfeng Wang Song Wang Tinggui Wang Zhongxiang Wang Qingwen Wu Xuefeng Wu Dong Xu Yanjun Xu Suijian Xue Yongquan Xue Zijian Zhang Zipei Zhu Hu Zou Congying bao Fansheng Chen Houlei Chen Tianxiang Chen Wei Chen Yehai Chen Yifan Chen Chenzhou Cui Weiwei Cui Yanfeng Dai Dongwei Fan Ju Guan Dawei Han Dongjie Hou Haibo Hu Maohai Huang Jia Huo Zhenqing Jia bowen Jiang Ge Jin Chengkui Li Junfei Li Longhui Li Maoshun Li Wei Li Zhengda Li Tianying Lian Congzhan Liu Heyang Liu Huaqiu Liu Fangjun Lu Laidan Luo Jia Ma Xuan Mao Haiwu Pan Xin Pan Liming Song Hui Sun Yunyin Tan Qingjun Tang Yihan Tao Hao Wang Juan Wang Lei Wang Wenxin Wang Yilong Wang Yusa Wang Qinyu Wu Haitao Xu Jingjing Xu Xinpeng Xu Yunfei Xu Zhao Xu Changbin Xue Yulong Xue Ailiang Yan Haonan Yang Xiongtao Yang Yanji Yang Juan Zhang Mo Zhang Wenjie Zhang Zhen Zhang Zhen Zhang Ziliang Zhang Donghua Zhao Haisheng Zhao Xiaofan Zhao Zijian Zhao Hongyan Zhou Yilin Zhou Yuxuan Zhu Zhencai Zhu National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Space Sciences (ICE) CSIC Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics Innovation Academy for Microsatellites Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Physics University of Hong kong School of Physics and Astronomy University of Leicester School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-sen University Department of Physics Anhui Normal University Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Physics Department Tsinghua University Nevada Center for Astrophysics University of Nevada Las Vegas Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Nevada Las Vegas South African Astronomical Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Cape Town Department of Physics University of the Free State Université Paris Cité CNRS Astroparticule et Cosmologie Université Paris Cité CEA Paris-Saclay IRFU/DAp-AIM Department of Astronomy Guangzhou University Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) Niels bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Department of Physics and Astronomy Rutgers the State University of New Jersey Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo ESA/ESTEC Department of Astronomy School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino Sydney Institute for Astronomy School of Physics The University of Sydney Department of Astronomy Xiamen University Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics beijing Normal University Department of Astronomy University of Science and Technology School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Institute of Deep Space Sciences Deep Space Exploration Laboratory Department of Astronomy School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chi

We report the discovery of a peculiar X-ray transient,EP240408a,by Einstein Probe （EP） and follow-up studies made with EP,Swift,NICER,GROND,ATCA and other ground-based multiwavelength *** new transient was first detected with Wide-field X-ray Telescope （WXT） on board EP on April 8th,2024,manifested in an intense yet brief X-ray flare lasting for *** flare reached a peak flux of 3.9×10-9erg cm-2s-1in 0.5-4 ke V,～300 times brighter than the underlying X-ray emission detected throughout the *** and more precise follow-up observations by EP/FXT,Swift and NICER confirmed the finding of this new *** X-ray spectrum is non-thermal in 0.5-10 ke V,with a power-law photon index varying *** X-ray light curve shows a plateau lasting for ～4 d,followed by a steep decay till becoming undetectable ～10 d after the initial *** on its temporal property and constraints from previous EP observations,an unusual timescale in the range of 7-23 d is found for EP240408a,which is intermediate between the commonly found fast and long-term *** counterparts have been found in optical and near-infrared,with the earliest observation at 17 h after the initial X-ray detection,suggestive of intrinsically weak emission in these *** demonstrate that the remarkable properties of EP240408a are inconsistent with any of the transient types known so far,by comparison with,in particular,jetted tidal disruption events,gamma-ray bursts,X-ray binaries and fast blue optical *** nature of EP240408a thus remains an *** suggest that EP240408a may represent a new type of transients with intermediate timescales of the order of～10 *** detection and follow-ups of more of such objects are essential for revealing their origin.

关键词： X-ray transients ${\bm~{Einstein~~Probe}}$

Using Magnesium Sulfate to Prevent Atrial Fibrillation after Coronary Artery bypass Grafting Surgery: A Single Centre Experience in bangladesh

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2023年第9期13卷 565-577页

作者： Manoj Tiwari Md. Abir Tazim Chowdhury Hema Poudel Munama Magdum Md. Mostafizur Rahman Vivek kumar jha Md. Ahaduzzaman Md. Abul bashar Maruf Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital Bharatpur Chitwan Nepal Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery Evercare Hospital Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Dermatology and Venerology Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Community Medicine Shaheed Monsur Ali Medical College Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Cardiac Surgery Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Cardiac Surgery Ibn Sina Specialized Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh

background: Atrial fibrillation commonly occurs following cardiac surgery, particularly after coronary artery bypass grafting. Magnesium, known for its stabilizing effect on cell membranes, has shown promise in preventing postoperative atrial fibrillation. This study aimed to assess the impact of intravenous magnesium infusion in preventing atrial fibrillation after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting, where maintaining stable cell membranes is crucial in averting this complication. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Cardiac Surgery, bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, from March 2020 to February 2022. Sixty-six patients who underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting were enrolled and divided into two groups. Group A (n = 33) received intravenous magnesium sulfate (10 mmol/2.47gm) for three days after surgery, while Group b (n = 33) did not receive magnesium sulfate. Postoperative atrial fibrillation occurrence in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) within three days after surgery was evaluated using convenient sampling. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 26.0, utilizing independent Student’s t-test for continuous data and Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test for categorical data. A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: No significant differences in age or gender were observed between the two groups. Group b exhibited significantly lower magnesium levels than Group A on the 0th, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd days post-surgery. Additionally, Group b experienced a higher incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation, longer ICU stays, and two mortalities. The study did not detect any adverse effects associated with magnesium infusion. Conclusion: It has been demonstrated that administering magnesium intravenously after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting can lower the chances of developing atrial fibrillation. This demonstrates the poten

关键词： Atrial Fibrillation (AF) Coronary Artery bypass Grafting (CAbG) Postopera-tive Atrial Fibrillation (POAF) Magnesium Sulfate bangladesh.

2014版LI-RADS和诊断肝细胞癌的影像特征的阅片者间信度:一项大样本的国际性多阅片者研究

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国际医学放射学杂志 2018年第2期 217-217页

作者： k.J.Fowler A.Tang C.Santillan M.b.Chatfeld J.Heiken R.C.jha 董龙春 Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology Washington University School of Medicine

摘要目的应用大样本、多中心、多阅片者的方法以明确阅片者间2014版LI-RADS分类及主要CT和MRI表现的信度,明确阅片者地域差异对不连续影像集诊断信度的潜

关键词：影像特征 ICC 影像集 LI-RADS 大样本