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Zircon geochronology reveals polyphase magmatism and crustal anatexis in the buchan block,NE Scotland:Implications for the Grampian Orogeny

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Geoscience Frontiers 2017年第6期8卷 1469-1478页

作者： T.E.johnson C.L.Kirkland D.R.Viete S.Fischer S.M.Reddy N.j.Evans b.j.mcdonald Department of Applied Geology The Institute for Geoscience Research(TIGeR)CET-Curtin NodeJohn de Laeter CentreCurtin UniversityPerthWA 6102Australia Morton K.blaustein Department of Earth&Planetary Sciences Johns Hopkins UniversityOlin Hall3400 N Charles StreetBaltimoreMD 21218USA School of Earth&Environmental Science University of St AndrewsIrvine BuildingNorth StreetSt AndrewsKY16 9ALScotlandUK

The type locality for high-temperature,low-pressure regional metamorphism,the buchan block in NE Scotland,exhibits profound differences to the rest of the Grampian *** differences have led some to regard the buchan block as an exotic crustal fragment comprising Precambrian basement gneisses and cover rocks thrust into their current position during Grampian *** rocks of the buchan block are now generally correlated with Dalradian strata elsewhere,the origin of the gneisses and the cause of the high heat flow and associated magmatism is *** report SIMS U-Pb and LA-ICPMS Hf isotopic data in zircon from high-grade rocks from the northeast(Inzie Head Gneiss)and northwest(Portsoy)corners of the buchan *** Inzie Head,upper amphibolite to granulite facies metasedimentary gneisses coexist with diorite sheets that were emplaced contemporaneously with partial melting of their host rocks,at least locally.U-Pb geochronology indicates a crystallisation age for the diorite of 486±9 ***-deformed diorites within the Portsoy Gabbro have a crystallisation age of 493±8 *** of ca.490 Ma for magmatism and high-grade metamorphism,which are broadly contemporaneous with ophiolite obduction and the onset of orogenesis,are significantly older than the established peak of Grampian metamorphism(ca.470 Ma).We propose a new model for the Grampian Orogeny involving punctuated tectonothermal activity due to tectonic switching during accretionary *** of a NW-dipping subduction zone at ca.490 Ma produced a back-arc environment(the buchan block)with associated arc magmatism and high dT/dP *** of an outboard arc resulted in shortening(the initial phase of the Grampian Orogeny)at ca.488 *** of a NW-dipping subduction zone to the SE of the ca.488 Ma suture began at 473 Ma and led to lithospheric-scale extension,decompression melting and advective heating of the middle crust,producing the widespread ca.470 Ma Gram

关键词： Dalradian Grampian Orogeny buchan block Zircon geochronology Magmatism Metamorphism

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用山羊绒纤维长度估测产绒量

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内蒙古畜牧科学 1990年第4期11卷 39-41页

作者： b.j.mcdonald 王耀富王桂芝

绒山羊育种家需要测定山羊的个体被毛,以便评定山羊的个体产绒性能,这样才能将山羊划分出等级,供选择种羊时参考。对山羊的评定需要对其所产全部被毛进行精确的估测,而选择种羊时就不需要这样精确了。

关键词：山羊绒纤维长度估测产绒量

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The Making of a Health Profession:How Chinese Medicine became a Nationally Registered Allied Health Profession in Australia

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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2024年第1期7卷 51-62页

作者： john L mcdonald judy b james School of Chinese Medicine Endeavour College of Natural HealthSouthport 4215Australia Acupuncture Now Australia Brisbane 4120Australia

In 2012, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) practitioners in Australia became nationally-registered allied health professionals in three categories: acupuncturist, Chinese herbal medicine practitioner, and Chinese herbal medicine dispenser. Australia was the first Western country to introduce national registration for Chinese medicine, followed by Portugal and, recently, New Zealand. The practice of TCM in Australia can be traced back to the beginning of Chinese immigration to Australia during the Victorian Gold Rush which began in the 1850s. The process which led to national registration commenced in the early 1970s with the establishment of the first acupuncture courses. Decades of gradual development of courses from unaccredited part-time diplomas to accredited bachelor degrees, and the development, by the profession, of national consensus on educational standards were essential elements in the process which led to registration. Professional associations, such as the Australian Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine Association Ltd.(AACMA), also developed a framework of professional selfregulation, including Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, ongoing professional development requirements and Infection Control Guidelines, and provided leadership in the development of the profession. After decades of tribalism and division within the TCM profession, the National Academic Standards Committee brought almost all stakeholders together to reach a consensus on the Australian Guidelines for Traditional Chinese Medicine Education which were published by AACMA in 2001. Professional associations also collaborated on joint submissions to the government in support of registration, which was introduced first in the state of Victoria in 2000, and subsequently became national in 2012. Despite national registration, some barriers still remain, and professional associations continue to lobby the federal government for inclusion in Medicare, chronic disease management scheme, and Veterans

关键词： Acupuncture Chinese medicine Registration Regulation Education Standards Australia TCM

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Preliminary Insights into the Habitat Preferences of the Centralian bandy bandy (Vermicella vermiformis)(Squamata: Elapidae) in Central Australia

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Asian Herpetological Research 2014年第1期5卷 49-53页

作者： Peter j.mcdonald Gary W.LUCK Flora and Fauna Division Department of Land Resource Management Northern Territory Government School of Environmental Sciences Charles Sturt University Institude for Land Water and Society Charles Sturt University

bandy bandy’s（Vermicella spp.）are a striking,black-and-white ringed genus of small elapid snakes endemic to *** taxa are burrowers and little is known of their biology and *** investigated the habitat preferences of the only arid-dwelling species,the centralian bandy bandy（Vermicella vermiformis）,in the MacDonnell Ranges west of Alice Springs in the Northern *** systematic road-cruising,we encountered *** over a 12 months period between 2009 and *** used logistic regression to model the occurrence of the species against a range of different habitat variables collected at multiple *** the small sample size,*** exhibited a clear preference for acacia shrubland habitats,with acacia variables present in all AICc ranked models in the 95%confidence *** factors driving this association,together with the preference for habitat not burnt in the most recent wildfires,may be related to the abundance of their only known prey,blind snakes（Ramphotyphlops spp.）.

关键词： Snake Arid Acacia Fire Ramphotyphlops

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Decreased bioavailability of aminomethylphosphonic acid(AMPA)in genetically modified corn with activated carbon or calcium montmorillonite clay inclusion in soil

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第2期33卷 131-143页

作者： Sara E.Hearon Meichen Wang Thomas j.mcdonald Timothy D.Phillips Veterinary Integrative biosciences Department College of Veterinary Medicine and biomedical Sciences Texas A&M Uniuersity College StationTx 77845USA Department of Environmental and Occupational Health School of Public Health Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station400 Bizzell St College StationTX 77843USA

The widespread use of pesticides has resulted in detectable residues throughout the environment,sometimes at concentrations well above regulatory ***,the development of safe,effective,field-practical,and economically feasible strategies to mitigate the effects of pesticides is *** is an organophosphorus herbicide that is degraded to aminomethylphosphonic acid(AMPA),a toxic and persistent metabolite that can accumulate in soil and sediment and translocate to *** this study,we investigated the binding efficacy of activated carbon(AC)and calcium montmorillonite(CM)clay to decrease AMPA bioavailability from soil and AMPA translocation to *** isotherms and thermodynamic studies on AC and CM were conducted and showed tight binding(enthalpy values>-20 k j/mol)for AMPA with high capacities(0.25 mol/kg and 0.38 mol/kg,respectively),based on derivations from the Langmuir model.A hydra assay was utilized to indicate toxicity of AMPA and the inclusion of 1%AC and CM both resulted in 90%protection of the hydra(**p≤0.01).Further studies in glyphosate-contaminated soil showed that AC and CM significantly reduced AMPA bioavailability by 53%and 44%,*** in genetically modified(GM)corn showed a conversion of glyphosate to AMPA in roots and sprouts over a 10-day exposure *** of AC and CM reduced AMPA residues in roots and sprouts by 47%-61%.These studies collectively indicate that AC and CM are effective sorbents for AMPA and could be used to reduce AMPA bioavailability from soil and AMPA residues in GM corn plants.

关键词： Glyphosate AMPA Activated carbon Calcium montmorillonite Sorbent

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4D imaging of void nucleation,growth,and coalescence from large and small inclusions in steel under tensile deformation

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journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第28期123卷 168-176页

作者： Yi Guo Timothy L.burnett Samuel A.mcdonald Michael Daly Andrew H.Sherry Philip j.Withers Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Henry Royce Institute Department of MaterialsUniversity of ManchesterM139PLUK European Synchrotron Radiation Facility(ESRF) 6 rue J Horowitz38000 GrenobleFrance National Nuclear Laboratory Chadwick HouseBirchwood ParkWarringtonWA36AEUK

Samples of SA508 grade 3 nuclear pressure vessel ferritic steel were subjected to tensile straining whilst being simultaneously imaged in 3D in real time using high resolution,high frame rate time-lapse synchrotron computed tomography(CT).This enabled direct observation of void development from nucleation,through growth to coalescence and final failure validating many inferences made post-mortem or by theoretical models,as well as raising new *** sparse,large inclusions were found to nucleate voids at essentially zero plastic strain(consistent with zero interfacial strength);these became increasingly elongated with *** contrast,a high density of small spherical voids were found to nucleate from the sub-micron cementite particles at larger strains(>200%)only in the centre of the necked(high triaxiality)*** interfacial strength approaching 2100 MPa was inferred and soon after their nucleation,these small voids coalesce to form internal microcracks that lead to the final failure of the *** surprisingly,under these conditions of generally low triaxial constraint the large voids are simply cut across and appear to play no significant role in determining the final *** implications of these results are discussed in terms of ductile fracture behaviour and the Gurson model for ductile fracture.

关键词： Void growth Ductile fracture Synchrotron X-ray tomography 4D imaging bainitic steel

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NONLINEAR FREE SURFACE ACTION WITH AN ARRAY OF VERTICAL CYLINDERS

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2004年第3期20卷 247-262页

作者： HUANG j.b. Department of Engineering Science University of OxfordUK

Nonlinear diffraction of regular waves by an array of bottom-seated circular cylindersis investigated in frequency domain,based on a Stokes expansion approach.A complete semi-analyticalsolution is developed which allows an efficient evaluation of the second-order potentials in the entirefluid domain,and the wave forces on the *** are derived for the second-orderpotential in the vicinity of individual *** expressions have a simple form,thus providingan effective means for investigating the wave enhancement due to nonlinear interactions with *** on the present method,the wave run-up and free-surface elevations around an arrayof two,three and four cylinders are investigated numerically.

关键词： nonlinear wave diffraction water waves frequency analysis semi-analytical method

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Elimination of antibiotic resistance genes and control of horizontal transfer risk by UV-based treatment of drinking water: A mini review

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2019年第3期13卷 3-11页

作者： Virender K.Sharma Xin Yu Thomas j.mcdonald Chetan jinadatha Dionysios D.Dionysiou Mingbao Feng Department of Environmental and Occupational Health School of Public Health Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 China Central Texas Veterans Health Care System Temple TX 76504 USA College of Medicine Texas A&M Health Science Center Bryan TX 77807 USA Environmental Engineering and Science Program Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (DChEE) 705 Engineering Research Center University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221 USA

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARb) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been recognized as one of the biggest public health issues of the 21 st century. both ARb and ARGs have been determined in water after treatment with conventional disinfectants. Ultraviolet (UV) technology has been seen growth in application to disinfect the water. However, UV method alone is not adequate to degrade ARGs in water. Researchers are investigating the combination of UV with other oxidants (chlorine, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), peroxymonosulfate (PMS), and photocatalysts) to harness the high reactivity of produced reactive species (C1-, C1O -, Cl2-,-OH, and SO4-_) in such processes with constituents of cell (e.g., deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and its components) in order to increase the degradation efficiency of ARGs. This paper briefly reviews the current status of different UV-based treatments (UV/chlorination, UV/H2O2, UV/PMS, and UV-photocatalysis) to degrade ARGs and to control horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in water. The review also provides discussion on the mechanism of degradation of ARGs and application of q-PCR and gel electrophoresis to obtain insights of the fate of ARGs during UV-based treatment processes.

关键词： Antibiotic resistance bacteria Advanced oxidation processes Disinfection Reactive chlorine species Sulfate radicals Reactive oxygen species

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Maximizing biomass utilization: An integrated strategy for coproducing multiple chemicals

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journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 180-191页

作者： byeongchan Ahn Sua jo jonggeol Na j.jay Liu Young-ju Kim Wangyun Won Department of Chemical and biological Engineering Korea University Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated process) Kyung Hee University Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Ewha Womans University Department of Chemical Engineering Pukyong National University Resources Engineering Plant Research Department Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources

Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the viable solutions to alleviate the global warming. However, the limited utilization of biomass majorly focused on cellulose and hemicellulose restricts the economic and environmental feasibilities. To cope with this issue, we proposed an integrated process of co-producing 1,6-hexanediol（1,6-HDO） with tetrahydrofuran and adipic acid from biomass, referred to as Strategy A. To compare the impacts of lignin upgrading and feedstock, Strategy b, which co-produces tetrahydrofuran alone, and Strategy C, which is the traditional route to produce 1,6-HDO from fossil fuels, were used. Heat networks are also designed to reduce operating costs and indirect carbon emissions due to energy consumption, saving 87% and 83% of the heat and cooling requirements, respectively, in Strategy A. The market competitiveness of Strategy A was evaluated by determining the minimum selling price through techno-economic analysis, and sustainability was thoroughly investigated by quantifying the environmental impacts through both midpoint and endpoint life-cycle assessments（LCAs）.Strategy A was found to be the most favorable both economically（USRDSCHARDOLLAR3,402/ton） and environmentally（-26.9 kg CO2eq.）. This indicates that lignin valorization is not only economically but also environmentally preferred. Finally, changes in economic and environmental feasibilities depending on economic, process, and environmental parameters were investigated using sensitivity and uncertainty analyses. The results of these analyses provide valuable insight into bio-based chemical production.

关键词： biorefinery Carbon mitigation Climate change Global warming Lignin utilization bioeconomy

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Squamous cell carcinoma after radiofrequency ablation for barrett's dysplasia

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第15期20卷 4453-4456页

作者： Sebastian S Zeki Rehan Haidry Manuel justo-Rodriguez Laurence b Lovat Nicholas A Wright Stuart A mcdonald Centre for Tumour biology Bart’s Cancer InstituteLondon EC1M 6BQUnited Kingdom Research Department of General Surgery University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUnited Kingdom Department of Pathology University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUnited Kingdom

barrett’s oesophagus(bO)is a usually indolent condition that occasionally requires endoscopic *** ablation(RFA)is an effective endoscopic treatment for high grade dysplasia(HGD)and intramucosal cancer in *** has a good efficacy,durability and safety profile although complications can *** we describe a case of RFA in a patient with high grade *** the response to treatment was initially very good with the development of neosquamous epithelium,the patient very rapidly developed a squamous cell cancer of the oesophagus confirmed on radiology,histology and *** sequencing confirmed that the original HGD and the squamous cell cancer(SCC)were derived from separate clonal *** report highlights the fact that SCC of the oesophagus has been noted after endoscopic ablation for bO previously and suggest that ablation of bO may encourage the clonal expansion of cells carrying carcinogenic mutations once a dominant clonal population has been eradicated.

关键词： Squamous carcinoma oesophagus barrett's oesophagus Radiofrequency ablation Squamous cell cancer High grade dysplasia

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