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On the effects of landscape configuration on summer diurnal temperatures in urban residential areas: application in phoenix, AZ

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2019年第3期13卷 445-463页

作者： Yiannis KAMARIANAKIS Xiaoxiao LI b. L. turner II Anthony J. bRAZEL School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Arizona State UniversityTempe AZ 85287USA School of Geographical Sciences and Urban planning Arizona State UniversityTempe AZ 85298USA School of Sustainability Arizona State UniversityTempe AZ 85298USA Global Institute of Sustainability Arizona State UniversityTempe AZ 85287USA

The impacts of land-cover composition on urban temperatures, including temperature extremes, are well documented. Much less attention has been devoted to the consequences of land-cover configuration, most of which addresses land surface temperatures. This study explores the role of both composition and configuration—or land system architecture—of residential neighborhoods in the phoenix metropolitan area, on near-surface air temperature. It addresses two-dimensional, spatial attributes of buildings, impervious surfaces, bare soil/ rock, vegetation and the “urbanscape” at large, from 50 m to 550 m at 100 m increments, for a representative 30-day high sun period. Linear mixed-effects models evaluate the significance of land system architecture metrics at different spatial aggregation levels. The results indicate that, controlling for land-cover composition and geographical variables, land-cover configuration, specifically the fractal dimension of buildings, is significantly associated with near-surface temperatures. In addition, statistically significant predictors related to composition and configuration appear to depend on the adopted level of spatial aggregation.

关键词： land system architecture urban heat island effect linear mixed-effects models near-surface air temperature land-cover configuration

A study of process-induced grain structures during steady state and non-steady state electron-beam welding of a titanium alloy

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第18期113卷 117-127页

作者： Yu Lu Richard turner Jeffery brooks Hector basoalto School of Metallurgy and Materials University of BirminghamBirminghamB152TTUnited Kingdom Department of Materials Science and Engineering The University of SheffieldMappin StreetSheffieldS13JDUnited Kingdom

A detailed microstructural characterisation of the emerging weld-line grain structure,for bead-upon-plate welds in Ti-6Al-4V(Ti64)of differing plate thickness,was *** microstructure studied was formed during both steady state and non-steady state sections within the weld path,with the non-steady state portion being taken from the end of the plate as the weld bead and heat source overhang the edge of the *** allows for the effects of welding process conditions on the microstructural evolution to be *** weld pool geometry and 3D tomography of the weld-induced defects have been *** characterisation of microstructure and texture for different welding parameters and for steady and non-steady states have been used to identify physical parameters for the microstructure predictions that are difficult to obtain *** different states significantly affect the weld crown shape and formation,weld toe,weld bead depth and ***,the heat affected zone(HAZ)re-mains *** the microstructural evolution,both the steady and non-steady states have similar microstructure and *** defects were observed in the steady state section of welds,but sub-surface spherical pores have been observed in the non-steady state section of a *** element modelling to simulate the thermal-metallurgical-mechanical fields within the steady and non-steady state sections of the welds was considered,and the cooling rates predicted within steady state and non-steady sections were interrogated to improve the theoretical understanding of the microstructure and defect formation differences in these Ti64 Eb weld regions.

关键词： Electron-beam fusion welding processing Microstructure Ti-6Al-4V

The potential of vertebrate microfossils for marine to non-marine correlation in the Late Jurassic

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progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第6期17卷 655-663页

作者： Detlev Thies Alexander Mudroch Susan turner Institute of Geology und paleontology University of HannoverD-30167 HannoverGermany Independent palaeobiologist Bcklinplatz 4D-30177 HannoverGermany School of Geosciences Monash UniversityVictoria 3800AustraliaQueensland MuseumGeology/Palaeontology122 Gerler RoadHendraQueensland 4011Australia

Fish (cartilaginous: elasmobranch and bony: osteichthyan actinopterygian) and reptile (crocodile) microfossils comprising scales and teeth have been examined from a series of limestone samples in the Upper Jurassic of France and Germany to gauge the possibilities of using them for correlation between fully marine and hypo-or hyper-saline (non-marine) deposits.

关键词： Upper Jurassic Kimmeridgian chondrichthyans actinopterygians crocodilians microfossils biostratigraphy

A study on the deformation and crushing of copper tubing: experiments, theory & FE modelling

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Materials Engineering Research 2019年第1期1卷 20-31页

作者： R.p. turner School of Metallurgy & Materials University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT UK

A series of 250 mm lengths of copper tubing, of 15 mm outer diameter and 0.7 mm wall thickness, were studied to determine their deformation if they were pinched or crushed between rigid objects applying a given force, to replicate potential accidental damage suffered by the copper pipes during service. A finite element modelling framework was developed to simulate the crushing of a copper pipe the same dimensions as that used for experiments, and the experimental data allowed for a validation of the pipe crushing at approximately room temperature, to consider copper pipe carrying cold water. The FE modelling activity was then extended to consider the deformation of copper pipe at 80℃, carrying heated water at this temperature. The modelling agreed reasonably well with experiment, and applied forces of 1.5 kN began to deform the cold pipe, with the pipe collapsing on itself at loads of 6 kN. The heated pipe began to deform at roughly 1.25 kN. Lastly, theoretical flow calculations were performed to determine the Reynolds value, the flow velocity and the pressure loss and head loss per unit length of the deformed pipes, according to classical pipe flow calculation methods.

关键词： simulation fluid mechanics finite element pressure drop

Metallic Reserves of Submarine Manganese Nodules to be Estimated and Harnessed prudently: Evidence from China's Jiaolong Manned Submersible

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2013年第4期87卷 1179-1180页

作者： Hao Ziguo Fei Hongcai Liu Lian Susan turner Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Editorial office of Acta Geologica Sinica (English edition)

Since the discovery of oceanic manganese nodules during the expedition of the british ocean-going ship Challenger from 1872 to 1876, research and development for seabed manganese nodules have never ceased owing to the huge economic inducements. Manganese nodules are the black or dark brown, spherical or massive Mn-bearing ores, deposits of which are found on the sea bottom. The nodules are a mixture of silicate and insoluble potassium permanganates （also with sub-Ti, Fe and Na permanganates） that contain more than 30 kinds of metallic elements, among which those of greatest economic interest are Mn （27-30%）, Ni（1.25-1.5%）, Cu（1- 1.4%）, Co（0.2- 0.25 %）, Fe, Si, and AI, with minor amounts of Ca, Na, K, Ti, b, H and O.

关键词： Metallic Reserves of Submarine Manganese Nodules to be Estimated and Harnessed prudently Evidence from China’s Jiaolong Manned Submersible

Race modifies default mode connectivity in Alzheimer’s disease

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2020年第1期9卷 81-95页

作者： Maria b.Misiura J.Christina Howell Junjie Wu Deqiang Qiu Monica W.parker Jessica A.turner William T.Hu Department of psychology Georgia State UniversityAtlantaGAUSA Departments of Neurology Emory University615 Michael StreetSuite 505AtlantaGA 30322USA Departments of Radiology Emory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA

background:Older African Americans are more likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease(AD)than older Caucasians,and this difference cannot be readily explained by cerebrovascular and socioeconomic factors *** previously showed that mild cognitive impairment and AD dementia were associated with attenuated increases in the cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)levels of total and phosphorylated tau in African Americans compared to Caucasians,even though there was no difference in beta-amyloid 1–42 level between the two ***:We extended our work by analyzing early functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)biomarkers of the default mode network in older African Americans and *** calculated connectivity between nodes of the regions belonging to the various default mode network subsystems and correlated these imaging biomarkers with non-imaging biomarkers implicated in AD(CSF amyloid,total tau,and cognitive performance).Results:We found that race modifies the relationship between functional connectivity of default mode network subsystems and cognitive performance,tau,and amyloid ***:These findings provide further support that race modifies the AD phenotypes downstream from cerebral amyloid deposition,and identifies key inter-subsystem connections for deep imaging and neuropathologic characterization.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease Cognitive impairment Functional connectivity Default mode network Disparities

World's Third-Largest Molybdenum Deposit Discovered in Caosiyao Area, Xinghe County, Inner Mongolia

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2014年第5期88卷 1615-1616页

作者： HAO Ziguo FEI Hongcai LIU Lian HAO Qingqing Susan turner Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Editorial Office of Acta Geologica Sinica (English edition) Geological Society of China Editorial Office of Geology and Exploration Institute of Mineral Resources Research China Metallurgical Geology Bureau

On l lth September 2013, the Inner Mongolia Mineral Resources and Reserves Evaluation Center estimated that the world＇s third-largest molybdenum deposit had been found in the Caosiyao area of Xinghe County, Inner Mongolia, NE China. The find has 130235.60×10^4 t of （122b）＋（333） molybdenum ores, a metal amount of 1327649.27 t, with Mo grade of 0.102-a super-large one.

关键词： rate Inner Mongolia Xinghe County World’s Third-Largest Molybdenum Deposit Discovered in Caosiyao Area rock

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新发现的10个恒星形成区的H_2O脉泽源

天文学报 1992年第1期33卷 87-94页

作者：向德琳 b. E. turner 中国科学院紫金山天文台 National Radio Astronomy Observatory VA22903-2475 U.S.A.

一、引言目前得到公认的是大多数恒星在它们的最早期的演化中都经历一个非常高能的质量抛射阶段,即出现冷分子气体的大质量双极流。当发现了外流源靠近稠密核时,就认为原恒星体是嵌埋在分子核中。这些外流源看来似乎由恒星风驱动。它们... 详细信息

一、引言目前得到公认的是大多数恒星在它们的最早期的演化中都经历一个非常高能的质量抛射阶段,即出现冷分子气体的大质量双极流。当发现了外流源靠近稠密核时,就认为原恒星体是嵌埋在分子核中。这些外流源看来似乎由恒星风驱动。它们值得注意的其它表现形式包括有高速H_2O脉泽在内的快速移动的HH天体,冲激波激发的分子氢发射区和光子可见喷流等。光学观测提供的实例是最近形成的低质量和中等质量恒星的星风和演化的质量外流阶段现象,射电和红外观测提供的证据是外流可能与大质量星的形成成协,特别是在明亮的嵌埋天体周围发现了高速H_2O脉泽后导致产生这样的看法:很稠密(10~7-10~8cm^(-3)),很紧凑(10-100A.U.)的脉泽'结'(maser'knot')是在强恒星风中被加速到50-100kms^(-1)的,实际上,低光度的H_2O脉泽与HH天体成协说明它们可能是在年轻星周围的外流源中观测到的在不同演化阶段的非常类似的天体。

关键词：恒星形成 H_2O脉泽分子外流

Novel polysaccharide-protein conjugates provide an immunogenic 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for ***

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Synthetic and Systems biotechnology 2017年第1期2卷 49-58页

作者： Allison E.b.turner Jonas E.Gerson Helen Y.So Daniel J.Krasznai Adrienne J.St.Hilaire Donald F.Gerson Vaccine Research and Development PnuVax Incorporated Headquarters134 Albert St.KingstonOntarioK7L 3V2Canada Vaccine Research and Development PnuVax Incorporated Laboratories6000 Royalmount Ave.MontrealQuebecH4P 2T1Canada

pneumonia remains the single leading cause of childhood death *** the commercial availability of multiple pneumococcal conjugate vaccines(pCVs),high dosage cost and supply shortages prevent pCV delivery to much of the developing *** current work presents high-yield pneumococcal conjugates that are immunogenic in animals and suitable for use in human vaccine *** 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine(pCV-13)investigated in this research incorporated serotypes 1,3,4,5,6A,6b,7F,9V,14,18C,19A,19F,and *** polysaccharides(pnpSs)and CRM197 carrier protein were produced and purified in-house,and used to prepare pnpS-CRM conjugates using unique,cyanide-free,in vacuo glycation conjugation *** vitro characterization confirmed the generation of higher molecular weight pnpS-CRM conjugates low in free *** vivo animal studies were performed to compare pnuVax's pCV-13 to the commercially available pCV-13,prevnar®13(pfizer,USA).A boost dose was provided to all groups post-dose 1 at t?14 ***-dose 2 results at t?28 days showed that all 13 serotypes in pnuVax's pCV-13 were *** serotype IgG GMCs demonstrated that pnuVax's pCV-13 is immunogenic for all 13 serotypes,with 10 of the 13 serotypes statistically the same or higher than prevnar®13 post-dose *** a result,the novel polysaccharideprotein conjugates developed in this work are highly promising for use in human pCV *** in vacuo conjugation technique applied in this work could also be readily adapted to develop many other conjugate vaccines.

关键词： pneumonia Vaccine development pCV pneumococcal conjugate vaccine polysaccharide Carrier protein In vacuo glycation