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Antibodies Targeting a Conserved Surface Polysaccharide Are Protective Against a Wide Range of microbial Pathogens Producing β-1-6-Linked Poly-N-Acetylglucosamine(PNAG)

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Engineering 2024年第7期38卷 69-76页

作者： Xi Lu Guoqing Li Jing Pang Xinyi Yang Colette Cywes-bentley Xuefu You Gerald b.Pier beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents Institute of Medicinal BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100050China Division of Infectious Diseases Department of MedicineBrigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA

The b-1-6-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine(PNAG)polymer is a conserved surface polysaccharide produced by many bacteria,fungi,and protozoan(and even filarial)*** wide-ranging expression makes PNAG an attractive target for vaccine development,as it potentially encompasses a broad range of *** progress has been made in discovering important properties of the biology of PNAG expression in recent *** molecular characterization and regulation of operons for the production of PNAG biosynthetic proteins and enzymes have been studied in many *** addition,the physiological function of PNAG has been further ***-based vaccines and PNAG-targeting antibodies have shown great efficacy in preclinical ***,clinical tests for both vaccines and antibodies have been carried out in humans and economically important animals,and the results are *** it is not destined to be a smooth road,we are optimistic about new vaccines and immunotherapeutics targeting PNAG becoming validated and eventually licensed for clinical use against multiple infectious agents.

关键词： Poly-N-acetylglucosamine Conjugate vaccine monoclonal antibody

Direct-Seeded Rice: Genetic Improvement of Game-Changing Traits for better Adaption

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Rice science 2024年第4期31卷 417-433页

作者： Priyanka NEGI Jagadish RANE Rajendra Sadashiv WAGH Tukaram Jayaram bHOR Dipti Digambar GODSE Priyanka JADHAV C.ANILKUmAR Dasari SREEKANTH K.SAmmI REDDY Sharad Ramrao GADAKH K.m.bORAIH C.b.HARISHA P.S.bASAVARAJ Indian Council of Agricultural Research(ICAR)-National Institute of Abiotic Stress management Baramati 413115India mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth Rahuri 413722India ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture Bikaner 334006India ICAR-National Rice Research Institute Cuttack 753006India ICAR-Directorate of Weed Research Jabalpur 482004India Dr.Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth Akola 444104India

The sustainability of rice production continues to be a subject of uncertainty and inquiry attributed to shifts in climatic conditions. In light of the impending climate change crisis and the high labor and water costs accompanying it, direct-seeded rice(DSR) is unquestionably one of the most practical solutions. Despite its resource and climate-friendly advantages, early maturing rice faces weed competitiveness and seedling establishment challenges. Resolving these issues is crucial for promoting its wider adoption among farmers, presenting it as a more effective sustainable rice cultivation method globally. Diverse traditional and contemporary breeding methods are employed to mitigate the limitations of the DSR approach, leveraging advanced techniques such as speed breeding and genome editing. Focusing on key traits like mesocotyl length elongation, early seedling vigor, root system architecture, and weed competitiveness holds promise for transformative improvements in DSR adaptation at a broader scale within farming communities. This review aims to summarize how these features contribute to increased crop production in DSR conditions and explore the research efforts focusing on enhancing DSR adaptation through these traits. Emphasizing the pivotal role of these game-changing traits in DSR adaptation, our analysis sheds light on their potential transformative impact and offers valuable insights for advancing DSR practices.

关键词： climate change direct-seeded rice aerobic rice early vigor trait

Rapid drop in ductility of the bimodal-structured mg-15Gd binary alloy during early aging

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Journal of magnesium and Alloys 2024年第9期12卷 3772-3779页

作者： R.G.Li S.Q.Zhou H.Zhang R.Z.Wu D.Wu J.R.Li b.S.Liu S.S.Li X.Li b.J.Wang School of mechanical and Power Engineering Shenyang University of Chemical TechnologyShenyang 110142China Key Laboratory of Superlight materials&Surface Technology Ministry of EducationHarbin Engineering UniversityHarbin 150001China Shenyang Key Laboratory for the Utilization Technology of magnesium and Calcium Resources Shenyang University of Chemical TechnologyShenyang 110142China School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shenyang Ligong UniversityShenyang 110159China CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear materials and Safety Assessment Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences62 Wencui RoadShenyang 110016China

A bimodal-structured mg^(-1)5Gd binary alloy with 45%volume fraction of elongated grains and 55%of dynamically recrystallized(DRXed)grains is fabricated by the extrusion *** precipitating behavior correlating with the evolution of mechanical properties is systematically characterized during the subsequent aging treatment at 200°*** extruded alloy presents an outstanding strength with tensile yield strength of 466 mPa and ultimate tensile strength of 500 mPa at peak aging condition,while the elongation drops from 9.2%in extrusion state to 3.1%.It is found there obviously exist a rapidly decreasing range of ductility at the early stage of *** during this time,the nano precipitates form preferentially at lamellar dislocation boundaries(LDbs)within the elongated grains,but there is no dense and uniform precipitation in the *** results suggest that the low elongation in the aged mg^(-1)5Gd alloy is mainly attributed to the nano precipitates prior formed at the LDbs with a high density in the elongated *** related mechanism has been clarified.

关键词： mg-Gd alloy bimodal structure Segregation Precipitate Dislocation boundary

Scanning electron microscope as a flexible tool for investigating the properties of UV-emitting nitride semiconductor thin films

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Photonics Research 2019年第11期7卷 I0017-I0026页

作者： C.Trager-Cowan A.Alasmari W.Avis J.bruckbauer P.R.Edwards b.Hourahine S.Kraeusel G.Kusch R.Johnston G.Naresh-Kumar R.W.martin m.Nouf-Allehiani E.Pascal L.Spasevski D.Thomson S.Vespucci P.J.Parbrook m.D.Smith J.Enslin F.mehnke m.Kneissl C.Kuhn T.Wernicke S.Hagedorn A.Knauer V.Kueller S.Walde m.Weyers P.-m.Coulon P.A.Shields Y.Zhang L.Jiu Y.Gong R.m.Smith T.Wang A.Winkelmann Department of physics supauniversity of strathclydeglasgow G4 onguk Tyndall national institute university college corkcork t12 r5cpireland Institute of solid state physics lechnische universitat berlin10623 berlingermany Ferdinand-braun-lnstitut leibniz-lnstitut fur hochstfrequenztechnik12489 berlingermany Department of electronic and electrical engineering centre of nanoscience&nanotechnologyuniversity of bathbath ba27ayuk Department of electronic and electrical engineering university of sheffieldsheffield s13jduk Laser components department laser zentrum hannover 5.v.30419 hannovergermany

In this paper we describe the scanning electron microscopy techniques of electron backscatter diffraction, electron channeling contrast imaging, wavelength dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and cathodoluminescence hyperspectral imaging. We present our recent results on the use of these non-destructive techniques to obtain information on the topography, crystal misorientation, defect distributions, composition, doping, and light emission from a range of UV-emitting nitride semiconductor structures. We aim to illustrate the developing capability of each of these techniques for understanding the properties of UV-emitting nitride semiconductors, and the benefits were appropriate, in combining the techniques.

关键词： electron nitride doping

含矿流体混合反应与成矿作用的动力平衡模拟研究

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岩石学报 2003年第2期19卷 275-282页

作者：林舸 C b ZHAO 王岳军 b E HObbS 龚纪文中国科学院广州地球化学研究所广州510650 CSIRO Division of Exploration and mining Bentley WA6120Australia

本文在约定热液体系中成矿元素成矿速率(成矿过程中单位时间内单位体积所含成矿元素重量的变化)的基础上,借助于物质-热-化学-成矿四重全耦合的研究思路,构建了均匀热液体系、层状热液体系、岩浆侵入热液体系下成矿元素的迁移、富集、... 详细信息

本文在约定热液体系中成矿元素成矿速率(成矿过程中单位时间内单位体积所含成矿元素重量的变化)的基础上,借助于物质-热-化学-成矿四重全耦合的研究思路,构建了均匀热液体系、层状热液体系、岩浆侵入热液体系下成矿元素的迁移、富集、溶解与沉淀作用数值模型。模拟结果表明:(1)硫化物(H_2S)和硫酸盐(SO_(42-))流体的混合反应是成矿热液体系中铅、锌、铁成矿元素成矿的重要控制因素;(2)均匀介质、岩浆侵入或地质构造的存在,对成矿元素在成矿流体运移的速度、流线、温度分布和成矿元素的溶解与沉淀分布都有着各自的特征,不同的成矿环境或成矿背景制约了成矿元素的迁移与富集以及矿体的产出定位。暗示成矿环境及成矿速率对热液体系中成矿元素的沉淀与溶解具重要作用;成矿流体的混合反应是成矿作用发生的重要机制之一。在成矿理论研究中必须充分考虑不同地质构造因素的约束。

关键词：流体混合反应成矿速率动力平衡模型

Patterns of hepatitis b virus exposure and associated predictors in Vietnam: A crosssectional study

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical medicine 2020年第12期13卷 535-541页

作者： minh C.Duong Phuc V.D.Le Oanh N.K.Pham Hien D.T.Pham Toan b.Nguyen Hai T.Phan School of Public Health and Community medicine University of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia mEDIC medical Center Ho Chi Minh CityVietnam Hospital for Tropical Diseases Ho Chi Minh CityVietnam Pham Ngoc Thach University of medicine Ho Chi Minh CityVietnam

Objective:To examine the magnitude of isolated anti-Hbc and other HbV serological patterns and associated predictors among adults seeking general health check-up at a large health center in ***:All 564 outpatients seeking general health checkup between January 2016 and December 2016 were asked to undertake HbV surface antigen,surface antibody,IgG and Igm core antibody(anti-Hbc total),platelet counts,and liver function *** administered questionnaire was used to collect information regarding demography,in-house sources of infection,lifestyle,health condition and treatment,and HbV ***:male gender(P=0.043),age(P=0.000),living in urban areas(P=0.040),HbV vaccination status(P=0.033),and ALT(P=0.040) were associated with isolated *** infection was associated with HbV vaccination status(P=0.001),ALT levels(P=0.010),AST levels(P=0.020),and platelet counts(P=0.007).Past/resolved HbV infection was associated with AST levels(P=0.005),ALT levels(P=0.014),and age(P=0.000).Conclusions:Isolated anti-Hbc is quite *** of isolated anti-Hbc include male gender,living in rural areas,and HbV *** prevalence of isolated anti-Hbc also increases with *** timely detect occult HbV infection and prevent transmission,anti-Hbc testing should be included in the health check-up for high risk individuals and screening program where HbV nucleic acid test is not *** prevent transmission,clinicians need to pay more attention on those who are at risk of having isolated anti-Hbc and closely follow-up patients with isolated anti-Hbc and educate them about the prevention of HbV infection.

关键词： prevention seeking Vietnam

Temperature dependence of the liquid eutectic lead-lithium alloy density

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广东有色金属学报 2005年第2期15卷 192-195页

作者： Alchagirov boris b. mozgovoi Alexandr G. Taova Tamara m. Kabardino-balkarian State University Nalchik 360004 Russia Joint Institute for High Temperatures of

Lead-lithium alloys are of great interest for practice as the advanced materials to be used in new technique, nuclear energetics, and so forth. Terefore, study on the physico-chemical properties of the latter is of major significance. An analysis of the available literature shows that there are a few works, devoted to study of Pb-Li alloys densities. However, temperature dependence of the density ρ(T), and its temperature coefficientK=dρ/dT for eutectic alloy were obtained by either extrapolation of the density data up to the eutectic alloy's composition, or calculation method. There is a certain discrepancy amounting to as high as 4%, while the allowable error in the density measurements is less than 0.5%. The discrepancy between the results for the temperature coefficients of density amounts to 80%.In this work we present the experimental data on the temperature dependence of Ph0.83 Li0.17 eutectic alloy's density in the temperature range 520K to 643 K. The alloys were prepared using Pb and Li with 99. 999% and 99.8% contents of the basic elements, respectively. We use the improved device, which permits to get the results with error less than 0. 15%. The results of 115 measurements of density in 520K to 643K temperature range were processed by the least-square method. Density polytherm of Pb0.83 Li0. 17 eutectic alloy is described by linear equation ρ(T) =9507.89-0. 79813(T-508) , kg/m3 ,where T is the absolute temperature by K. mearsurement error was 0. 12% at 95% *** in the temperature coefficient data was 1.08%.Thus, the temperature dependence of the Pb-Li eutectic alloy density was studied by the precise two-capillary method. The obtained results may be recommended as the most reliable reference data.

关键词：锂合金温度化学活性金属组织

Tensile deformation of fine-grained mg at 4K,78K and 298K

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Journal of magnesium and Alloys 2024年第6期12卷 2534-2556页

作者： m.Walag A.Kula P.Noga T.Tokarski G.Cios m.Niewczas AGH University of Krakow Faculty of Non-Ferrous MetalsKrakowPoland AGH University of Krakow Academic Centre for Materials and NanotechnologyKrakowPoland materials Science and Engineering McMaster UniversityHamiltonCanada

The impact of grain size, ranging from 0.9 μm to 9 μm, on the mechanical properties of commercially pure mg is investigated at temperatures of 4K, 78K, and 298K. The mechanisms governing plastic flow are influenced by both grain size and temperature. At 4K and 78K, dominant deformation modes in mg involve dislocation glide and extension twinning, regardless of grain size. The interactions between basal and non-basal dislocations and dislocations with grain boundaries promote an unusually high rate of work hardening in the plastic regime, leading to premature failure. The yield stress follows the Hall-Petch relationship σy~ k/√d, with the slope k increasing with decreasing temperature. At 298K, in addition to dislocation glide and twinning, grain boundary sliding(GbS) becomes significant in samples with grain sizes below 3 μm, considerably enhancing the material's deformability. GbS activation provides an additional recovery mechanism for dislocations accumulating at grain boundaries, facilitating their absorption during sliding and rotation. Analysis of σ Θ relationship suggests that the basal slip is the dominant dislocation mode in mg at 298K. Decreasing grain size suppresses dislocation activity and twinning and increases GbS, resulting in lower Θ and σ Θ values. Suppressing conventional deformation modes coupled with enhanced GbS yields stress softening, breaking down the Hall-Petch relationship in mg below 3 μm grain size, leading to an inverse Hall-Petch behaviour. The work reports new data on the strength, ductility, work hardening and fracture behaviour, and their variations with mg grain size across different temperature regimes.

关键词： Polycrystalline mg mechanical properties Deformation mechanisms Work-hardening Texture evolution Cryogenic temperatures Hall-Petch relationship

Characterization and Electrochemical Properties of Nanostructured Zr-Doped Anatase TiO_2 Tubes Synthesized by Sol–Gel Template Route

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Journal of materials Science & Technology 2017年第6期33卷 527-534页

作者： Denis P.Opra Sergey V.Gnedenkov Sergey L.Sinebryukhov Elena I.Voit Alexander A.Sokolov Evgeny b.modin Anatoly b.Podgorbunsky Yury V.Sushkov Veniamin V.Zheleznov Institute of Chemistry Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Far Eastern Federal University National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute"

A series of nanostructured Zr-doped anatase TiO_2 tubes with the Zr/Ti molar ratio of 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, and0.09 were prepared by a sol–gel technology on a carbon fiber template. The electrochemical performance of Zr-doped anatase TiO_2 as anodes for rechargeable lithium batteries was investigated and compared with undoped titania. Tests represented that after 35-fold charge/discharge cycling at C/10 the reversible capacity of Zr-doped titania（Zr/Ti = 0.03） reaches 135 m A h g^（-1）, while the capacity of undoped titania（Zr/Ti = 0） yielded only 50 m A h g^（-1）. based on the results of the physicochemical investigation, three reasons of improving electrochemical performance of Zr-doped titania were suggested. According to the scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, Zr^（4＋） doping induces a decrease in nanoparticle size, which facilitates the Li＋diffusion. The Raman investigations show the more open structure of Zr-doped TiO_2 as compared to undoped titania due to changing of the unit cell parameters, that significantly affects on the reversibility of the insertion/extraction process. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results indicate that substitution of Zr^（4＋） for Ti^（4＋） into anatase TiO_2 has favorable effects on the conductivity.

关键词： Li-ion batteries Anatase titania Nanostructured materials Sol–gel template process Doping Electrochemical performance