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Crop adaptation to climate change:An evolutionary perspective

Molecular Plant 2023年第10期16卷 1518-1546页

作者： lexuan Gao Michael b.Kantar Dylan Moxley Daniel Ortiz-barrientos Loren H.Rieseberg CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China Department of Tropical Plant&Soil Sciences University of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHIUSA Department of botany and biodiversity Research Centre University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada School of biological Sciences and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia

The disciplines of evolutionary biology and plant and animal breeding have been intertwined throughout their development,with responses to artificial selection yielding insights into the action of natural selection and evolutionary biology providing statistical and conceptual guidance for modern *** we offer an evolutionary perspective on a grand challenge of the 21st century:feeding humanity in the face of climate *** first highlight promising strategies currently under way to adapt crops to current and future climate *** include methods to match crop varieties with current and predicted environments and to optimize breeding goals,management practices,and crop microbiomes to enhance yield and sustainable *** also describe the promise of crop wild relatives and recent technological innovations such as speed breeding,genomic selection,and genome editing for improving environmental resilience of existing crop varieties or for developing new ***,we discuss how methods and theory from evolutionary biology can enhance these existing strategies and suggest novel *** focus initially on methods for reconstructing the evolutionary history of crops and their pests and symbionts,because such historical information provides an overall framework for crop-improvement *** then describe how evolutionary approaches can be used to detect and mitigate the accumulation of deleterious mutations in crop genomes,identify alleles and mutations that underlie adaptation(and maladaptation)to agricultural environments,mitigate evolutionary trade-offs,and improve critical *** feedback between the evolution and crop biology communities will ensure optimal design of strategies for adapting crops to climate change.

关键词： abiotic stress resistance climate change crop adaptation Darwinian agriculture evolutionary biology plant breeding

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Recent advances in flexible and stretchable electronics, sensors and power sources

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Science China Chemistry 2012年第5期55卷 718-725页

作者： TOK Jeffrey b.-H. Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA

There has been ongoing keen interest to mold electronic devices into desired shapes and be laid on desired configurable surfaces. In specific, the ability to design materials that can bend, twist, compress and stretch repeatedly, while still able to maintain its full capability as conductors or electrodes, has led to numerous efforts to develop flexible and stretchable (bio)devices that are both technologically challenging and environmentally friendly (e.g. biodegradable). In this review, we highlight several recent significant results that have made impacts toward the field of flexible and stretchable electronics, sensors and power sources.

关键词：电子设备可伸缩传感器电源可生物降解挑战性能力

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Characterization of hepatitis b virus genotypes/subgenotypes in 1301 patients with chronic hepatitis b in North China

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Chinese Medical Journal 2011年第24期124卷 4178-4183页

作者： LI Xiao-dong WANG Lin LIU Yan XU Zhi-hui DAI Jiu-zeng LI le YAO Zeng-tao XIN Shao-jie XU Dong-ping ZHAO Jing-ming Institute of Infectious Diseases and Liver Failure Research Center beijing 302 Hospital Beijing 100039 China Department of Pathology beijing 302 Hospital Beijing 100039 China

background There is still a paucity of data on hepatitis b virus （HbV） subgenotype prevalence in North China based on sequencing of large-size samples. In addition, whether HbV genotypes impact drug-resistance-associated and HbV e antigen （HbeAg）-Ioss-associated mutations in patients with chronic hepatitis b （CHb） is still under investigation. This study aimed to disclose clinical prevalence of HbV genotypes/subgenotypes in North China and the clinical implications of HbV genotype classification in respect to HbeAg loss and drug-resistant occurrence. Methods Sera were collected from 1301 nucleos（t）ide analog-experienced CHb patients. Viral DNA was extracted and used as template for HbV genome amplification by nested PCR. DNA sequencing was performed for the analysis of HbV genotypes/subgenotypes, drug-resistance-associated mutations in polymerase gene and HbeAg-loss-associated mutations in precore/basal core promoter （bCP） regions. Results HbV/b, HbV/C, and HbV/D were detected in 190 （14.6%）, 1096 （84.2%）, and 15 （1.2%） patients, respectively. HbV/b2 （182/190）, HbV/C2 （1069/1096）, and HbV/D1 （12/15） were predominant subgenotypes within individual genotypes. by contrast, C2 prevalence is relatively lower in beijing area （77.2%） than in other north areas （84.9%-87.4%）. HbV/C-infected patients had an older age and a lower serum albumin level but similar HbV DNA and alanine aminotransferase （ALT） levels compared to HbV/b-infected patients. HbV/C infection had a higher incidence of lamivudine-resistant mutations rtM2041N （44.9% vs. 30.2%, P 〈0.01） and bCP mutations A1762T＋G1764A （65.8% vs. 40.0%, P〈0.01） compared with HbV/b infection. Conclusions C2 is the most prevalent HbV subgenotype followed by b2 in CHb patients in North China; and HbV genotype prevalence is influenced by immigrant population. HbV/C infection is likely to have longer disease duration and severer liver functional impairment and might be more susceptible to develop lamivudine resistance compared

关键词： hepatitis b virus genotype drug resistance precore basal core promoter mutation

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Effects of electron heating and surface rippling on Rayleigh–Taylor instability in radiation pressure acceleration

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2023年第3期8卷 47-54页

作者： X.Z.Wu Y.R.Shou Z.b.Guo H.G.Lu J.X.Liu D.Wu Z.Gong X.Q.Yan State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Center for Relativistic Laser Science Institute for Basic ScienceGwangju 61005Republic of Korea Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik Saupfercheckweg 1Heidelberg 69117Germany Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics Shanxi UniversityShanxi 030006China

The acceleration of ultrathin targets driven by intense laser pulses induces Rayleigh–Taylor-like *** from laser and target con-figurations,we find that electron heating and surface rippling,effects inherent to the interaction process,have an important role in instability evolution and *** employing a simple analytical model and two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations,we show that the onset of electron heating in the early stage of the acceleration suppresses the growth of small-scale modes,but it has little influence on the growth of large-scale modes,which thus become *** the growth of surface ripples,a mechanism that can significantly influence the growth of these large-scale modes is *** laser field modulation caused by surface rippling generates an oscillatory ponderomotive force,directly modulating transverse electron density at a faster growth rate than that of ions and eventually enhancing instability *** results show that when surface deformation becomes obvious,electron surface oscillation at 2ω0(whereω0 is the laser frequency)is excited simultaneously,which can be seen as a signature of this mechanism.

关键词： acceleration surface eventually

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正己烷在不同硅铝比HZSM-5分子筛上吸附的分子模拟研究

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石油炼制与化工 2022年第2期53卷 84-92页

作者：黄乐郑健李强秦玉才宋丽娟辽宁石油化工大学辽宁省石油化工催化科学与技术重点实验室辽宁抚顺113001 中国石油大学(华东)

采用巨正则蒙特卡洛方法研究了正己烷在不同硅铝比的HZSM-5分子筛上的吸附行为。通过模拟298 K和423 K下正己烷分子在不同硅铝比的HZSM-5分子筛上的吸附,得到并分析了其吸附等温线、吸附能量密度图、吸附势能、径向分布函数等相关参数,... 详细信息

采用巨正则蒙特卡洛方法研究了正己烷在不同硅铝比的HZSM-5分子筛上的吸附行为。通过模拟298 K和423 K下正己烷分子在不同硅铝比的HZSM-5分子筛上的吸附,得到并分析了其吸附等温线、吸附能量密度图、吸附势能、径向分布函数等相关参数,重点分析了硅铝比对正己烷分子吸附行为的影响。结果表明:正己烷与HZSM-5分子筛间的吸附符合Langmuir-Freundlich吸附模型;高硅铝比时,正己烷分子优先吸附在HZSM-5分子筛交叉孔道中T_(3)和T_(9)位的b酸位上,且正己烷分子间的相互作用较明显;随着硅铝比的降低,正己烷的饱和吸附量升高,在直孔道吸附的正己烷分子比例增加,正己烷分子间的相互作用减弱。

关键词：蒙特卡洛分子动力学正己烷 HZSM-5分子筛 Langmuir-Freundlich吸附模型

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The belt and Road Initiative in China＇s Emerging grand Strategy of Connective leadership

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China & World Economy 2017年第5期25卷 4-22页

作者： Giovanni b. Andornino Assistant Professor Department of Culture Politics and Society University of Torino Italy

As Chinese leaders endeavor to maintain the international environment aligned withtheir strategic aim of realizing the ＂＇dream of national rejuvenation, ＂＇ the remarkableincrease in China ＂s capabilities, coupled with uncertainty in the global economy and theambivalent attitude of the USA toward the international order, poses fresh challenges tobeijing＇s foreign policy. The present paper argues that a lexicographic preference for themitigation of the risk of pushback against China＇s core interests underpins the belt andRoad Initiative. Pursuing a strategy of credible reassurance commensurate to the shift inthe distribution of power in China＇s neighborhood and globally, President Xi Jinping＇sadministration has been cultivating a form of connective leadership that commits Chinato the encapsulation of the belt and Road Initiative for transregional connectivity intoits own national development strategy, generating an octroye, non-hegemonic, type ofinternational social capital and integrating the existing order without corroborating theposition of its founder.

关键词： belt and Road Initiative, China, connective leadership, grand strategy, international order, social capital

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Room-temperature ferroelectricity in A-site ordered Ruddlesden-Popper Li_(2)CaTa_(2)O_(7) ceramics

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Journal of Materiomics 2020年第3期6卷 593-599页

作者： b.H.Zhang Z.Z.Hu b.H.Chen X.Q.Liu X.M.Chen Laboratory of Dielectric Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityNo.38 Zheda RoadHangzhou310027China

In the present work,the crystal structure,ferroelectric and dielectric properties of the dense single-phase Li_(2)CaTa_(2)O_(7) ceramics with A-site ordered double-layer Ruddlesden-Popper structures have been investigated by the experiments and first-principles calculations.A polar Pna21 phase was determined by the Rietveld refinement against the X-ray diffraction pattern at room temperature,and it was confirmed by its lowest calculated energy and rigid phonon *** ferroelectricity was found by observing the ferroelectric hysteresis loop at room temperature,and its remanent polarization was similar to the value calculated from the berry phase and born effective charge *** ferroelectricity is a nonconventional proper one since its polarization is induced from the displacement of oxygen anions instead of tantalum cations based on the individual atomic polarization.A first-order transition from an antiferroelectric to paraelectric phase around 900 K was found by the DSC and variable-temperature dielectric *** the present work,the room-temperature ferroelectricity is experimental confirmed in the present ceramics,inspiring the search for new ferroelectricity in the ceramics with A-site ordered Ruddlesden-Popper structures.

关键词： Ferroelectricity A-site ordered ruddlesden-popper Dielectric response First-principles calculation

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Casting of microstructured shark skin surfaces and possible applications on aluminum casting parts

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China Foundry 2011年第1期8卷 62-65页

作者： Todor Ivanov Andreas bührig-Polaczek Uwe Vroomen Foundry Institute of RWTH Aachen University

Within the project "Functional Surfaces via Micro-and Nanoscaled Structures" which is part of the Cluster of Excellence "Integrative Production Technology" established and financed by the German Research Foundation (DFG),an investment casting process to produce 3-dimensional functional surfaces down to a structural size of 1μm on near-net-shape-casting parts has been *** common way to realize functional microstructures on metallic surfaces is to use laser ablation,electro discharge machining or micro *** handicap of these processes is their limited *** approach of this project to raise the efficiency is to use the investment casting process to replicate microstructured surfaces by moulding from a laser-microstructured grand master *** main research objective deals with the investigation of the single process steps of the investment casting process with regard to the moulding *** results concerning making of the wax pattern,suitability of ceramic mould and core materials for casting of an AlSi7Mg0.3 alloy as well as the knock-out behavior of the shells are *** using of the example of an intake manifold of a gasoline race car engine,a technical shark skin surface has been realized to reduce the drag of the intake *** intake manifold consists of an air-restrictor with a defined inner diameter which is microstructured with technical shark skin *** this reason the inner diameter cannot be drilled after casting and demands a very high accuracy of the casting part.A technology for the fabrication and demoulding of accurate microstructured castings are *** factors of different moulding steps of the macroscopic casting part as well as the microscopic riblet structure have been examined as well.

关键词：扔的投资 microstructured 出现鲨鱼皮肤

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Inhibiting WNT secretion reduces high bone mass caused by Sost loss-of-function or gain-of-function mutations in Lrp5

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骨研究:英文版 2023年第3期11卷 595-606页

作者： Cassandra R.Diegel Ina Kramer Charles Moes Gabrielle E.Foxa Mitchell J.McDonald Zachary b.Madaj Sabine Guth Jun Liu Jennifer L.Harris Michaela Kneissel bart O.Williams Department of Cell biology Van Andel Institute333 Bostwick Ave.NEGrand RapidsMI 49503USA Diseases of Aging and Regenerative Medicine Novartis Institutes for Biomedical ResearchCH-4002 BaselSwitzerland bioinformatics and biostatistics Core Van Andel Institute333 Bostwick Ave.NEGrand RapidsMI 49503USA Oncology Novartis Institutes for Biomedical ResearchSan DiegoCA 92121USA

Proper regulation of Wnt signaling is critical for normal bone development and *** in several Wnt signaling components,which increase the activity of the pathway in the skeleton,cause high bone mass in human subjects and mouse *** bone mass is often accompanied by severe headaches from increased intracranial pressure,which can lead to fatality and loss of vision or hearing due to the entrapment of cranial *** addition,progressive forehead bossing and mandibular overgrowth occur in almost all *** that would provide symptomatic relief in these subjects are ***-mediated palmitoylation is necessary for Wnt secretion and binding to the frizzled *** inhibition of porcupine is a highly selective method of Wnt signaling *** treated three different mouse models of high bone mass caused by aberrant Wnt signaling,including homozygosity for loss-of-function in Sost,which models sclerosteosis,and two strains of mice carrying different point mutations in Lrp5(equivalent to human G171V and A214V),at 3 months of age with porcupine inhibitors for 5–6 *** significantly reduced both trabecular and cortical bone mass in all three *** demonstrates that porcupine inhibition is potentially therapeutic for symptomatic relief in subjects who suffer from these disorders and further establishes that the continued production of Wnts is necessary for sustaining high bone mass in these models.

关键词： homeostasis function mass

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Optimized stateful material implication logic for three- dimensional data manipulation

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Nano Research 2016年第12期9卷 3914-3923页

作者： Gina C. Adam brian D. Hoskins Mirko Prezioso Dmitri b. Strukov Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA Materials Department University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA

The monolithic three-dimensional integration of memory and logic circuits could dramatically improve the performance and energy efficiency of computing systems. Some conventional and emerging memories are suitable for vertical integration, including highly scalable metal-oxide resistive switching devices （＂memristors＂）. However, the integration of logic circuits has proven to be much more challenging than expected. In this study, we demonstrated memory and logic functionality in a monolithic three-dimensional circuit by adapting the recently proposed memristor-based stateful material implication logic. by modifying the original circuit to increase its robustness to device imperfections, we experimentally showed, for the first time, a reliable multi-cycle multi-gate material implication logic operation and half-adder circuit within a three- dimensional stack of monolithically integrated memristors. Direct data manipulation in three dimensions enables extremely compact and high-throughput logic- in-memory computing and, remarkably, presents a viable solution for the Feynman grand Challenge of implementing an 8-bit adder at the nanoscale.

关键词： material implication logic memristor resistive random-accessmemory (ReRAM) three-dimensionalintegration

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