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中国发明与专利 2019年第11期16卷 9-11页

作者：卡尔·卢茨敖海静中国人民大学法学院

《美国宪法》第一条第八款规定了联邦国会所享有的权力,其中第八项规定联邦国会有权“为促进科学和有用技艺的进步,保障作者对作品、发明者对发明在有限时间内的排他权利”。不论是从宪政史学者马克斯法兰德编辑的《一七八七年联邦制... 详细信息

《美国宪法》第一条第八款规定了联邦国会所享有的权力,其中第八项规定联邦国会有权“为促进科学和有用技艺的进步,保障作者对作品、发明者对发明在有限时间内的排他权利”。不论是从宪政史学者马克斯法兰德编辑的《一七八七年联邦制宪会议记录汇编》,还是作为制宪会议代表、美利坚国父之一的麦迪逊关于会议的个人记录,都可以看出,有关专利和著作权(英美法一般称作版权)的宪法条款的讨论并非整个制宪会议的关注焦点。毫无疑问,这对于当时急需解决整个联邦的虚弱无力,以迅速进行国家整合的新美利坚政治精英们来说一点儿也不奇怪。但这一现象绝不意味着美国的法律界对宪法中有关知识产权的条款的含义毫无争议和分歧。1949年,律师、法律学者卡尔·卢茨发表了本文,在宪法解释上首次确立了关于进步条款的二元化解读方案,也就是作者声称的关于专利授予性质的一种完全不同于著作权的新概念。

关键词：制宪会议著作权知识产权政治精英麦迪逊宪政史宪法条款专利

Vegetation changes across the Eocene-Oligocene transition:Global signals *** development

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第9期67卷 2937-2952页

作者： Mengxiao WU lutz KUNZMANN Shufeng LI Vasilis TEODORIDIS Zhekun ZHOU Tao SU CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla 666303China Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden Konigsbrücker LandstraBe 159Dresden 01109Germany Department of biology and Environmental Studies Faculty of EducationCharles UniversityMagdalény Rettigové411639 Prague 1Czech Republic State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China Institute of Sedimentary Geology Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China

The Eocene-Oligocene transition(EOT)marked a rapid global cooling event,often considered as the beginning of the modern icehouse *** by various factors,including tectonic activity and paleogeographic settings,the terrestrial records indicate a diverse response of fauna and vegetation to this global *** examined nine macrofossil assemblages from seven fossil localities on the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and from the mid-latitudinal Europe ranging from the latest bartonian and Priabonian(37.71-33.9 Ma)to the Rupelian(33.9-27.82 Ma).Our aims were to trace and compare the vegetation history of both regions in the late Eocene and early *** results show that both regions experienced changes in vegetation composition in response to climate change,characterized by a decrease in the percentages of broad-leaved evergreen elements and distinctive changes in general vegetation types.A general change in the overall vegetation type from subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forests in the late Eocene to temperate broad-leaved mixed deciduous evergreen forests,or mixed mesophytic forests,in the early Oligocene is recognized in both *** results indicate a clear change in leaf architecture,leaf margin states,and secondary venation types in the mid-latitudinal Europe,while the results from the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau show a distinct reduction in leaf *** data suggest that both global and regional factors played key roles in shaping the vegetation in the two regions.

关键词： Eocene-Oligocene transition Plant fossil Paleoclimate Leaf architecture biodiversity

Simulation of the SMILE Soft X-ray Imager response to a southward interplanetary magnetic field turning

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 39-46页

作者： Andrey Samsonov Graziella branduardi-Raymont Steven Sembay Andrew Read David Sibeck lutz Rastaetter Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College LondonDorking RH56NTUK Leicester University Leicester LE17RHUK Goddard Space Flight Center National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationGreenbeltMD 20771USA

The Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)will shine a spotlight on magnetopause dynamics during magnetic *** simulate an event with a southward interplanetary magnetic field turning and produce SXI count maps with a 5-minute integration *** making assumptions about the magnetopause shape,we find the magnetopause standoff distance from the count maps and compare it with the one obtained directly from the magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)*** root mean square deviations between the reconstructed and MHD standoff distances do not exceed 0.2 RE(Earth radius)and the maximal difference equals 0.24 RE during the 25-minute interval around the southward turning.

关键词： magnetopause magnetic reconnection solar wind charge exchange southward interplanetary magnetic field numerical modeling Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE) Soft X-ray Imager

退火热处理对增材制造AlSi10Mg合金宏观和微观变形行为的影响

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金属学报 2024年第8期60卷 1091-1099页

作者：张星星 lutz Andreas 甘为民 MAAWAD Emad KRIELE Armin 中国科学院高能物理研究所多学科研究中心北京100049 Mercedes benz AG Research and Development DepartmentLeibnizstr.271032 BöblingenGermany Institute of Materials Physics Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonMax-lanck-Str.121502 GeesthachtGermany German Engineering Materials Science Centre(GEMS)at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum(MLZ) Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon85748 GarchingGermany

增材制造AlSi10Mg合金存在显著的残余应力,对零件的形状尺寸精度、服役安全性和抗腐蚀性能等产生不利影响。在实际应用中,对残余应力敏感的应用需采用去应力退火以消除残余应力。然而,目前对增材制造AlSi10Mg合金退火后力学特性的理解... 详细信息

增材制造AlSi10Mg合金存在显著的残余应力,对零件的形状尺寸精度、服役安全性和抗腐蚀性能等产生不利影响。在实际应用中,对残余应力敏感的应用需采用去应力退火以消除残余应力。然而,目前对增材制造AlSi10Mg合金退火后力学特性的理解还停留在宏观层面。为了更深入地揭示其微观力学行为与内在机制,本工作利用同步辐射X射线衍射技术,对合金进行原位变形研究,分析Al和Si相的晶格应变应力演化,明确各物相对合金加工硬化率的具体贡献,并对位错密度的演变进行了量化分析,从而阐明了退火热处理对增材制造AlSi10Mg合金载荷传递行为与位错行为的影响。

关键词：同步辐射X射线衍射原位变形增材制造 AlSi10Mg合金热处理

Photoelectrochemical Iron-Catalyzed C(sp^(3))-H borylation of Alkanes in a Position-Selective Manner

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第6期6卷 1430-1438页

作者： Wen Wei bin Wang Simon L.Homölle Jinbin Zhu Yanjun Li Tristan von Münchow Isaac Maksso lutz Ackermann Institut für Organische und biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen37077 Göttingen

Catalytic C-H borylation is of prime topical importance,since easily available feedstock chemicals can thereby be transformed into valuable transient functional groups in the absence of directing ***,we disclose an iron-catalyzed C(sp^(3))-H borylation of simple,non-prefunctionalized alkanes,providing access to value-added products in a single step by means of *** power of merging photo-and electrochemistry was mirrored by ample scope and exceedingly mild reaction ***,an outstanding position-selectivity in favor of primary C(sp^(3))-H proved viable within the photoelectrochemical borylation through a chemo-selective anodic overoxidation *** ferro-photoelectrochemistry strategy avoids toxic precious transition metals,enabling C(sp^(3))-H borylations in a site-selective fashion.

关键词： photoelectrocatalysis C(sp^(3))-H borylation iron catalysis position-selectivity chlorine radical

Influence of broken kernels content on soybean quality during storage

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Grain & Oil Science and Technology 2024年第2期7卷 105-112页

作者： Lazaro da Costa Correa Canizares Cesar Augusto Gaioso Newiton da Silva Timm Silvia Leticia Rivero Meza Adriano Hirsch Ramos Maurício de Oliveira Everton lutz Moacir Cardoso Elias Department of Agroindustry Science and Technology Federal University of PelotasPelotasRio Grande do Sul 96010-900Brazil Information and Communication Technological Axis Federal Institute of EducationScienceand Technology FarroupilhaCampus PanambiPanambiRio Grande do Sul 98280-000Brazil

Although it is recognized that the post-harvest system is most responsible for the loss of soybean quality,the real impact of this loss is still *** regulation allows 15%and 30%of broken soybean for group I and group II(quality groups),***,the industry is not informed about the loss in the quality parameters of soybeans and its impacts during long-term ***,the objective was to evaluate the effect of the breakage kernel percentage of soybean stored for 12 *** of 15% of breakage kernels did not affect soybean ***,content of 30% of breakage kernels affected significantly soybean quality,which was evidenced by the increase of up to 75% in moldy soybeans,72% in acidity,50% in leached solids,27% in electrical conductivity,and the decrease of up to 12% in soluble protein,6.4% in germination and 3.5% in thousand kernel weight after 8 months of *** the legislation establishes a percentage limit,it is recommended to store soybeans with up to 15% breakage *** the contrary,values higher than that can cause a significant reduction in soybean quality,resulting in commercial losses.

关键词： Soybean quality breakage kernels Storage problems Grain defects Quality parameters

Surgical approach affecting long-term urinary continence status after robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy prospectively evaluated using self-reported functional status(Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite,EPIC-26)

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black hole shadows in Einstein-bel-Robinson gravity

当代泌尿学（英文） 2024年第1期18卷 61-65页

作者： Mathias Reichert Ame Strauß Joost Wilhelm Voß Hans Christoph von Knobloch Hannah Maria Neuenhofer Annemarie Uhlig lutz Trojan Mirjam Naomi Mohr Department of Urology University Medical CenterGoettingenGermany Department of Pediatrics University HospitalBonnGermany

Purpose:The aim of the study was to examine the influence of the surgical approach for robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy(RALP)on long-term urinary continence status in the era of self-reported functional status measures using the Expanded Prostate Can-cer Index Composite 26.Materials and methods:This is a prospective evaluation of 232 patients undergoing RALP between September,2019 and September,*** continence status and postoperative incontinence(pad usage)were evaluated 12 months after RALP using Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite 26 *** were categorized according to their surgical approach and outcome into the following groups:successful nerve sparing(NS),primarily without nerve sparing(***),and no nerve sparing by secondary resection(NNS by SR).The median levels of their questionnaire outcomes were evaluated and compared using the Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction.Results:Urinary continence status 12 months after RALP differed significantly between the NS and ***(p=0.0071)and the NS and NNS by SR(p=0.0076)*** was no significant difference between the *** and NNS by SR(p=0.53)*** usage 12 months after RALP had no significant difference with regard to SR of the neurovascular bundle(p=0.14).Conclusions:Patient-reported outcomes of long-term urinary continence status seem to show no difference in postoperative conti-nence,regardless of whether a non-nerve-sparing result was planned or reached through ***,preservation of neurovascular bundle seems to lead to better long-term continence rates.

关键词： Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite 26 Nerve sparing Prostate cancer Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy Surgical approach Urinary incontinence

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第5期48卷 272-283页

作者： b.Hamil b.C.Lütfüoğlu Laboratoire de Physique Mathématique et Subatomique Facultédes Sciences ExactesUniversitéConstantine 1ConstantineAlgeria Department of Physics University of Hradec KrálovéRokitanského 6250003 Hradec KrálovéCzechia

Gravity models given by higher-order scalar curvature corrections are believed to bear important consequences. Einstein-bel-Robinson (EbR) gravity with quartic curvature modification motivated Sajadi et al. to explore static spherically symmetric black hole solutions using perturbative methods. In this study, inspired by their work, we investigate AdS black hole shadows in EbR gravity and demonstrate how the gravity parameter alters the energy emission rate. Finally, we address the same problem in the presence of plasma, because the black holes are thought to be surrounded by a medium that changes the geodesic of photons.

关键词： black hole shadows Einstein-bel-Robinson gravity plasma

Water Vapor Information from Satellite and Its Applications

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第1期41卷 188-189页

作者： b.J.SOHN School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea

Water vapor is a critical component of the hydrological cycle because it plays a vital role in transporting water from one part of the cycle to *** vapor evaporated from surfaces such as oceans,lakes,and rivers conden... 详细信息

关键词： motion oceans lakes