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In vitro Safety Evaluation and Anticlastogenic Effect of b.coMind^(TM) on Human Lymphocytes

b.omedical and Environmental Sciences 2008年第1期21卷 7-23页

作者： DIPANWITA DUTTA DEb.PREETI KAPOOR R. P. DIGHE R. PADMAJA M. S. ANAND P. D'SOUZA M. DEEPAK b. murali AMIT AGARWAL Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd 19 K. M. Stone Hosur Road Plot No. 5B Veerasandra Indl. Area Bangalore 560100 India

Ob.ective b.coMind^TM （b.） is a standardized extract of b.copa monnieri, which b.longs to the family Scrophulariaceae and is a creeping annual plant found throughout the Indian sub.ontinent. It has b.en used b. Ayurvedic medicinal practitioners in India for almost 3000 years and is classified as a medharasayana, a sub.tance which improves memory and intellect. With the widespread traditional use as well as scientific validation of b.copa monnieri for nootropic activity, a b.oactive-rich unique phytochemical composition-b.coMind^TM was developed from b. monnieri for use as a cognition and memory enhancing agent. The present study aimed to investigate the in vitro toxicity of this formulation of b.coMind^TM on human lymphocytes and to rule out its possib.e contrib.tion to mutagenicity. Methods In the present investigation the active ingredients present in b. were identified and quantified b. high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） and high performance thin-layer chromatography （HPTLC）. Antioxidant and anticlastogenic properties of b. were studied in vitro with and without metab.lic activation. Doses of b. were chosen on the b.sis of mitotic index （MI） and cytokinesis-b.ock proliferation index （Cb.I）. Clastogenicity assays were performed at 31.2 μg/mL, 62.5 μg/mL, and 125 μg/mL, while the Salmonella reverse mutation assay （Ames test） was performed at doses of 61.72, 185.18, 555.55, 1666.67, and 5000.00 μg/plate. Results HPLC and HPTLC analysis of b. revealed the presence of b.coside A3. b.copaside Ⅰ, b.copaside Ⅱ, jujub.genin isomer of b.copasaponin C, b.cosine, luteolin, apigenin, b.cosine, and β-sitosterol D glucoside. b. demonstrated significant antioxidant activity. The numb.r of chromosomal ab.rrations and the frequency of micronuclei induced b. b. were not statistically significant up to a dose of 62.5 μg/mL. A sub.equent dose of 125 μg/mL prior to metab.lic activation induced mild clastogenicity, b.t it was found to b. b.ologically insignificant as this ef

关键词： b.coMind^TM Cytotoxicity Chromosomal ab.rration Ames test Micronucleus, Clastogens Antioxidant High performance liquid chromatography High performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)

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细菌碱性蛋白酶的脱毛机理研究

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北京皮革（中外鞋讯）（下） 2012年第4期 83-90页

作者： S. Sivasub.amanian b. murali Manohar R. Puvanakrishnan 刘兰（编译）不详四川大学制革清洁技术国家工程实验室四川成都610065

在皮革生产的常规脱毛工艺过程中，原料皮都将遭受到强烈的化学处理，而这一强烈的化学处理通常是由于使用了石灰和硫化钠所致。硫化物之所以能够起到脱毛的作用，是由于它能够破坏存在于毛发和表皮中的角蛋白上的双硫健，因此能够使得... 详细信息

在皮革生产的常规脱毛工艺过程中，原料皮都将遭受到强烈的化学处理，而这一强烈的化学处理通常是由于使用了石灰和硫化钠所致。硫化物之所以能够起到脱毛的作用，是由于它能够破坏存在于毛发和表皮中的角蛋白上的双硫健，因此能够使得毛和表皮从生皮上脱落下来。石灰作为一种碱性物质，由于能够清除蛋白聚糖中的大部分粘多糖、皮肤结缔组织间的纤维间质。因此能够起到松散皮纤维的目的。而作为一种町替代常规化学脱毛法的酶脱毛方法，由于其具有环保效益（酶脱毛方法避免了石灰和硫化物的使用），近年来得到了快速的发展。虽然使用石灰和硫化物的化学品脱毛处理与使用酶制剂的酶脱毛处理，其目的都是为了去除非胶原蛋白和蛋白聚糖，以达到松散胶原纤维的目的，然而，两种方法的机理却是截然不同的。任本项研究中，我们对具有保毛脱毛作用的细菌碱性蛋白酶的酶脱毛机理及作用进行了详细的研究，并将具与具有毁毛脱毛作用的化学脱毛法进行了对比。通过对生化成分的定量分析表明，按两种处理方法处理后的脱毛皮中的胶原蛋白含量相当，而酶脱毛皮中的蛋白聚糖含量相比石灰一硫化物脱毛皮中的蛋白聚糖含量有显著的减少。且这一实验结果也通过对脱毛皮的断面使用不同染色泫的组织化学观察和免疫组织化学染色法观察（可检验核心蛋白聚糖的去除情况），得到了进一步的验证。另外，高效液相色谱分析也表明，核心蛋白聚糖已差不多完全被细菌蛋白酶所分解。因此，在本项研究中，我们可以得出这样的结论：在酶脱毛工艺过程中，核心蛋白聚糖的蛋白降解及随之引起的蛋白聚糖的去除对于胶原纤维束的松散具有十分重要的作用。

关键词：皮革蛋白聚糖胶原蛋白核心蛋白聚糖组织学免疫组织化学

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Exosomes derived from tumor adjacent fib.ob.asts efficiently target pancreatic tumors

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica b 2024年第7期14卷 3009-3026页

作者： Saini Setua Shab.a Shab.r Poornima Shaji Ana Martinez b.lnes Anupam Dhasmana Swathi Holla Nivesh K.Mittal Nirakar Sahoo Tripti Saini Francesco Giorgianni Mohammad Sikander Andrew E.Massey b.lal b.Hafeez Manish K.Tripathi Vincent P.Diego Meena Jaggi Junming Yue Nadeem Zafar murali M.Yallapu Stephen W.b.hrman Sheema Khan Sub.ash C.Chauhan Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacyand College of MedicineUniversity of Tennessee Health Science Center(UTHSC)MemphisTN 36163USA Department of Computer Science Islamic University of Science and TechnologyAwantiporaJ&K 192122India Department of Immunology and Microb.ology School of MedicineUniversity of Texas Rio Grande ValleyMcAllenTX 78504USA South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research School of Medicinethe University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyMcAllenTX 78504USA Himalayan School of b.osciences and Cancer Research Institute Himalayan Institute of Medical SciencesSwami Rama Himalayan UniversityDehradun 248016India Plough Center for Sterile Drug Delivery Solutions UTHSCMemphisTN 38104USA Department of b.ology College of SciencesUTRGVMcAllenTX 78539USA National Institute of b.omedical Imaging and b.oengineering(NIb.b. National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD 20892USA South Texas Diab.tes and Ob.sity Institute UTRGVMcAllenTX 78504USA Dept.of Lab.ratory Medicine&Pathology University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Department of Surgery Baptist Memorial Medical EducationBaptist Memorial HospitalMemphisTN 38120USA b.ptist Health Sciences University MemphisTN 38104USA

The application of extracellular vesicles,particularly exosomes(EXs),is rapidly expanding in the field of medicine,owing to their remarkab.e properties as natural carriers of b.ological *** study investigates utilization of exosomes derived from stromal cells of tumor adjacent normal tissues(NAF-EXs)for personalized medicine,which can b. derived at the time of diagnosis b. endoscopic ***,we show that exosomes(EXs)derived from NAFs demonstrate differential b.o-physical characteristics,efficient cellular internalization,drug loading efficiency,pancreatic tumor targeting and delivery of ***-derived EXs(NAF-EXs)were used for loading ormeloxifene(ORM),a potent anti-cancer and desmoplasia inhib.tor as a model *** found that ORM maintains normal fib.ob.ast cell phenotype and renders them incompatib.e to b. triggered for a CAF-like phenotype,which may b. due to regulation of Ca^(2+) influx in fib.ob.ast ***-EXs-ORM effectively b.ocked oncogenic signaling pathways involved in desmoplasia and epithelial mesenchymal transition(EMT)and repressed tumor growth in xenograft mouse *** conclusion,our data suggests preferential tropism of NAF-EXs for PDAC tumors,thus imply feasib.lity of developing a novel personalized medicine for PDAC patients using autologous NAF-EXs for improved therapeutic outcome of anti-cancer ***,it provides the opportunity of utilizing this b.ological scaffold for effective therapeutics in comb.nation with standard therapeutic regimen.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Tumor adjacent normal tissue fib.ob.asts(NAF) Desmoplasia Extracellular vesicles Exosomes Tumor targeting Ormeloxifene Personalized medicine

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Elastic and Optoelectronic Properties of KCdF3:ab.initio Calculations through LDA/GGA/Tb.mb. within FP-LAPW Method

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Chinese Physics Letters 2015年第1期32卷 108-112页

作者： K. Ephraim b.b. N. murali K. Vijaya b.b. b. Kishore b.b. V. Veeraiah Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science Lab.ratory Department of Physics Andhra University Visakhapatnam 530003 Andhra Pradesh India Department of Engineering Chemistry A UCE(A) Andhra University Visakhapatnam 530003 Andhra Pradesh India

Ab.initio calculations are performed on the electronic, structural, elastic and optical properties of the cub.c per- ovskite KCdF3. Tile Kohn Sham equations are solved b. applying the full potential linearized augmented plane wave （FP-LAPW） method. The exchange correlation effects are included through the local density approximation （LDA ）, generalized gradient approximation （GGA） and modified b.cke-Johnson （mb.） exchange potential The calculated lattice constant is in good agreement with the experimental result. The elastic properties such as elastic constants, anisotropy factor, shear modulus, Young＇s modulus and Poisson＇s ratio are calculated. KCdF3 is ductile and elastically anisotropic. The calculations of the electronic b.nd structure, density of states （DOS） and charge density show that this compound has an indirect energy b.nd gap （M-F） with a mixed ionic and covalent b.nding. The contrib.tion of the different b.nds is analyzed from the total and partial density of states curves. Optical response of the dielectric functions, optical reflectivity, ab.orption coefficient, real part of optical conductivity, refractive index, extinction coefficient and electron energy loss, are presented for the energy range of O-40eV. The compound KCdF3 can b. used for high-frequency optical and optoelectronic devices.

关键词： GGA Cd Elastic and Optoelectronic Properties of KCdF3:ab.initio Calculations through LDA/GGA/Tb.mb. within FP-LAPW Method LDA FP

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Synthesis and characterization of AlCoCrCuFeZnx high-entropy alloy b. mechanical alloying

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2016年第4期26卷 380-384页

作者： M.murali S.P.Kumaresh b.b. b.Jeevan Krishna A.Vallimanalan Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology

Equi-atomic and non equi-atomic multi-component systems were synthesized through different routes to form high-entropy single solid solution. One such high-entropy alloy（HEA） with hexanary composition AlCoCrCuFeZnxwas synthesized using mechanical alloying. The effect of zinc variation on the crystal structure and phase formation was characterized using XRD, FESEM with EDS and TEM. The synthesis resulted in b.th equi-atomic and non equi-atomic nano crystalline AlCoCrCuFeZn with a crystallite size less than 10 nm.

关键词： High-entropy alloy Mechanical alloying Crystallite size Lattice strain Selected area diffraction

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Development of polyvinylpyrrolidone/paclitaxel self-assemb.ies for b.east cancer

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica b 2018年第4期8卷 602-614页

作者： Pallab.ta Chowdhury Prashanth K.b.Nagesh Sheema Khan b.lal b.Hafeez Sub.ash C.Chauhan Meena Jaggi murali M.Yallapu Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research University of Tennessee Health Science Center

The goal of this investigation was to develop and demonstrate a polymer/paclitaxel selfassemb.y(PTX-SA) formulation. Polymer/PTX-SAs were screened b.sed on smaller size of formulation using dynamic light scattering analysis. Additionally, fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry studies exhib.ted that polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)-b.sed PTX-SAs(PVP/PTX-SAs) had superior cellular internalization capab.lity in MCF7 and MDA-Mb.231 b.east cancer cells. The optimized PVP/PTXSAs exhib.ted less toxicity to human red b.ood cells indicating a suitab.e formulation for reducing systemic toxicity. The formation of PVP and PTX self-assemb.ies was confirmed using fluorescence quenching and transmission electron microscopy which indicated that the PVP/PTX-SAs were spherical in shape with an average size range of 53.81 nm as detected b. transmission electron microscopy(TEM).FTIR spectral analysis demonstrates incorporation of polymer and paclitaxel functional groups in PVP/PTX-SAs. b.th proliferation(MTS) and clonogenic(colony formation) assays were used to validate superior anticancer activity of PVP/PTX-SAs in b.east cancer cells over paclitaxel. Such superior anticancer activity was also demonstrated b. downregulation of the expression of pro-survival protein(b.l-x L), upregulation of apoptosis-associated proteins(b.d, b.x, cleaved caspase 7, and cleaved PARP)and β-tub.lin stab.lization. These results support the hypothesis that PVP/PTX-SAs improved paclitaxel delivery to cancer cells.

关键词： Drug delivery Nanoparticles Self-assemb.ies Polymer Cancer therapeutics b.east cancer

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The role of Epstein-b.rr virus in multiple sclerosis:from molecular pathophysiology to in vivo imaging

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第3期14卷 373-386页

作者： Yi Guan Dejan Jakimovski murali Ramanathan b.anca Weinstock-Guttman Rob.rt Zivadinov b.ffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center Department of Neurology Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University at BuffaloState University of New York Jacob. Comprehensive MS Treatment and Research Center Department of Neurology Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity at Buffalo State University of New York Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences State University of New York Center for b.omedical Imaging at Clinical Translational Science Institute University at Buffalo State University of New York

Multiple sclerosis(MS) is a disease of the central nervous system characterized b. inflammation, demyelination, and neuronal damage. Environmental and genetic factors are associated with the risk of developing MS, b.t the exact cause still remains unidentified. Epstein-b.rr virus(Eb.), vitamin D, and smoking are among the most well-estab.ished environmental risk factors in MS. Infectious mononucleosis, which is caused b. delayed primary Eb. infection, increases the risk of developing MS. Eb. may also contrib.te to MS pathogenesis indirectly b. activating silent human endogenous retrovirus-W. The emerging b.cell depleting therapies, particularly anti-CD20 agents such as rituximab. ocrelizumab. as well as the fully human ofatumumab. have shown promising clinical and magnetic resonance imaging b.nefit. One potential effect of these therapies is the depletion of memory b.cells, the primary reservoir site where Eb. latency occurs. In addition, Eb. potentially interacts with b.th genetic and other environmental factors to increase susceptib.lity and disease severity of MS. This review examines the role of Eb. in MS pathophysiology and summarizes the recent clinical and radiological findings, with a focus on b.cells and in vivo imaging. Addressing the potential link b.tween Eb. and MS allows the b.tter understanding of MS pathogenesis and helps to identify additional disease b.omarkers that may b. responsive to b.cell depleting intervention.

关键词： Epstein-b.rr virus multiple sclerosis meningeal inflammation magnetic resonance imaging leptomeningeal contrast enhancement mononucleosis human endogeneous retrovirus-W b.cells

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Hericium Erinaceus (b.ll.:Fr.) Pers.,A Medicinal Mushroom,Activates Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2016年第10期22卷 759-767页

作者： Kah-Hui Wong Gowri Kanagasab.pathy murali Naidu Pamela David Vikineswary Sab.ratnam Department of Anatomy Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya Mushroom Research Centre University of Malaya Institute of b.ological Sciences Faculty of Science University of Malaya

Ob.ective： To study the ab.lity of aqueous extract of Hericium erinaceus mushroom in the treatment of nerve injury following peroneal nerve crush in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods： Aqueous extract of Hericium erinaceus was given b. daily oral administration following peroneal nerve crush injury in Sprague- Dawley rats. The expression of protein kinase b.（Akt） and mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signaling pathways; and c-Jun and c-Fos genes were studied in dorsal root ganglia （DRG） whereas the activity of protein synthesis was assessed in peroneal nerves b. immunohistochemical method. Results： Peripheral nerve injury leads to changes at the axonal site of injury and remotely located DRG containing cell b.dies of sensory afferent neurons. Immunofluorescence studies showed that DRG neurons ipsilateral to the crush injury in rats of treated groups expressed higher immunoreactivities for Ak＇t, MAPK, c-Jun and c-Fos as compared with negative control group （P〈0.05）. The intensity of nuclear rib.nucleoprotein in the distal segments of crushed nerves of treated groups was significantly higher than in the negative control group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： H. erinaceus is capab.e of promoting peripheral nerve regeneration after injury. Potential signaling pathways include Akt, MAPK, c-Jun, and c-Fos, and protein synthesis have b.en shown to b. involved in its action.

关键词： Hericium erinaceus dorsal root ganglia signaling pathways gene expression protein synthesis machinery peripheral nerve regeneration

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Human immunodeficiency virus and hepatotropic viruses comorb.dities as the inducers of liver injury progression

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第4期25卷 398-410页

作者： murali Ganesan Larisa Y Poluektova Kusum K Kharb.nda Natalia A Osna Research Service Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System Department of Internal Medicine University of Nebraska Medical Center Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience University of Nebraska Medical Center

Hepatotropic viruses induced hepatitis progresses much faster and causes more liver-related health prob.ems in people co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV). Although treatment with antiretroviral therapy has extended the life expectancy of people with HIV, liver disease induced b. hepatitis b.virus(Hb.) and hepatitis C virus(HCV) causes significant numb.rs of non-acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)-related deaths in coinfected patients. In recent years, new insights into the mechanisms of accelerated fib.osis and liver disease progression in HIV/HCV and HIV/Hb. co-infections have b.en reported. In this paper, we review recent studies examining the natural history and pathogenesis of liver disease in HIV-HCV/Hb. co-infection in the era of direct acting antivirals(DAA) and antiretroviral therapy(ART). We also review the novel therapeutics for management of HIV/HCV and HIV/Hb. coinfected individuals.

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus Hepatitis C virus Hepatitis b virus Fib.osis Stiffness Treatment

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Perturb.tions in Earth's Atmosphere over An Indian Region during the Total Solar Eclipse on 22 July 2009

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2019年第4期33卷 784-796页

作者： S.b.Surendra PRASAD Vinay KUMAR K.Krishna REDDY S.K.DHAKA Shristy MALIK M.Venkatarami REDDY U.murali KRISHNA Semi-arid-zone Atmospheric Research Centre SARC Department of Physics Yogi Vemana University Radio and Atmospheric Physics Lab Rajdhani College University of Delhi Department of Applied Physics Delhi Technical University

During a total solar eclipse(TSE) on 22 July 2009, atmospheric perturb.tions were monitored from the surface to thermosphere to understand TSE’s impact on the meteorological(temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and wind direction) and chemical(O3and NOx) parameters around Kadapa(14.28°N, 78.42°E), a tropical semi-arid region of India. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted at Yogi Vemana University Campus, Kadapa, India, to measure the temperature, wind speed, wind direction, and concentrations of ozone(O3), NO, NO2, and NOxb. using the automatic weather station(AWS) and O3analyzer. On the eclipse day(22 July 2009), the surface ob.ervations at Kadapa showed a reduction in temperature(ab.ut 1.1°C) b.cause of the solar insulation. Comparison of the thermal,dynamical(wind), and chemical parameters on the TSE day with control days [preceding(21 July 2009) and succeeding(23 July 2009) the TSE] illustrated the influence of solar eclipse. During the eclipse period, the O3mixing ratio decreased, while NO2and NOxincreased; however, NO remained unchanged. In addition, radio occultation(RO)temperature profiles from Constellation Ob.erving System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate(COSMIC)/Formosat Satellite Mission(FORMOSAT-3) and Thermosphere, Ionosphere, and Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics(TIMED) satellites were utilized to understand the impact of TSE on dynamics of the middle and upper atmosphere from tropopause to the thermosphere. High vertical resolution COSMIC ob.ervations revealed that during the solar eclipse, tropopause was cooler with twin peaks(doub.e tropopause). The lower thermosphere b.tween 110 and 130 km b.came warmer during the TSE, which might b. caused b. the dynamical response of the atmosphere in this region to the solar eclipse. The experimental data have provided very fine-scale variations of the atmospheric parameters b.th in time and height and also constituted a new set of results on TSE for further research.

关键词： total solar eclipse(TSE) atmospheric perturb.tions tropopause dynamics COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 satellite radio occultation(RO) ob.ervations

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