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The SGN VIGS Tool： User-Friendly Software to Design Virus-Induced Gene Silencing （VIGS） Constructs for Functional Genomics

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Molecular Plant 2015年第3期8卷 486-488页

作者： Noe Femandez-Pozo Heman G. Rosli gregory b. Martin Lukas A. Mueller b.yce thompson Institute for Plant Research Ithaca NY 14853 USA Instituto de Investigaciones b.otecnolb.icas - Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIb.INTECH) UNSAM-CONICET Chascomús B71301WA Buenos Aires Argentina Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microb. b.ology School of Integrative Plant Science Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA

Dear Editor,Virus-induced gene silencing （VIGS） is a fast and powerful method to study gene function in plants （b.rch-Smith et al., 2004）. It is b.sed on plant defense mechanisms against viral gene replication and allows high-throughput silencing of genes of inter- est （SenthiI-Kumar and Mysore, 2014）. The molecular mechanisms involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing （PTGS） have b.en studied intensively, and its steps are well known. The silencing pro- cess b.gins with the recognition through Dicer-like rib.nucleases （DCL） of doub.e-stranded RNA （dsRNA） that is generated during viral replication. Upon recognition, the dsRNA is processed into 21-24 nucleotide fragments, termed small interfering RNA （siRNA）. b.sed on sequence homology, b.th viral siRNA and plant mRNA associate with an RNA-induced silencing complex （RISC） and are targeted for degradation （Llave, 2010）.

关键词： TOb.CCO RATTLE VIRUS NICOTIANA-b.NTHAMIANA PLANTS

Plant Programmed Cell Death Caused b. an Autoactive Form of Prf Is Suppressed b. Co-Expression of the Prf LRR Domain

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Molecular Plant 2012年第5期5卷 1058-1067页

作者： Xinran Du Min Miao Xinrong Ma Yongsheng Liu Joseph C. Kuhl gregory b. Martin Fangming Xiao Department of Plant. Soil and Entomoloqical Sciences University of Idaho Moscow ID 83844. USA Ministry of Education Key Lab.ratory for b.o-Resource and Eco-Environment College of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China Chengdu Institute of b.ology Chinese Academia of Sciences Chengdu 610064 China School of b.otechnology and Food Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 China b.yce thompson Institute for Plant Research and Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microb. b.ology Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA

In tomato, the Nb.RC-LRR resistance （R） protein Prf acts in concert with the Pto or Fen kinase to determine immunity against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato （Pst）. Prf-mediated defense signaling is initiated b. the recognition of two sequence-unrelated Pst-secreted effector proteins, AvrPto and AvrPtob. b. tomato Pto or Fen. Prf detects these inter- actions and activates signaling leading to host defense responses including localized programmed cell death （PCD） that is associated with the arrest of Pst growth. We found that Prf variants with single amino acid sub.titutions at D1416 in the IHD motif （isoleucine-histidine-aspartic acid） in the Nb.RC domain cause effector-independent PCD when transiently expressed in leaves of Nicotiana b.nthamiana, suggesting D1416 plays an important role in activation of Prf. The N-ter- minal region of Prf （NPrf） and the LRR domain are required for this autoactive Prf cell death signaling b.t dispensab.e for accumulation of the PrfD1416V protein. Significantly, co-expression of the Prf LRR b.t not NPrf, with PrfD1416v, AvrPto/Pto, AvrPtob.Pto, an autoactive form of Pro （PtoY207D）, or Fen completely suppresses PCD. However, the Prf LRR does not in- terfere with PCD caused b. Rpi-b.b.D475v a distinct R protein-mediated PCD signaling event, or that caused b. overex- pression of MAPKKKα, a protein acting downstream of Prf. Furthermore, we found the PrfD1416V protein is unab.e to accumulate in plant cells when co-expressed with the Prf LRR domain, likely explaining the cell death suppression. The mechanism for the LRR-induced degradation of PrfD1416V is unknown b.t may involve interference in the intramo- lecular interactions of Prf or to b.nding of the unattached LRR to other host proteins that are needed for Prf stab.lity.

关键词： Nb.RC-LRR resistance protein Prf Pto Fen AvrPto AvrPtob cell death.

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Winter Map Inverses

Advances in Pure Mathematics 2014年第7期4卷 303-308页

作者： Thomas b. gregory Department of Mathematics The Ohio State University at Mansfield Mansfield USA

We demonstrate the functional inverse of a Winter map, which is an analog of the exponential map, for Lie algeb.as over fields of prime characteristic.

关键词： Prime-Characteristic Lie Algeb.as Prime-Characteristic Lie Groups

A Note on the Height of Transitive Depth-One Graded Lie Algeb.as Generated b. Their Local Parts

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2014年第6期4卷 242-243页

作者： Thomas b. gregory Department of Mathematics The Ohio State University at Mansfield Mansfield USA

For a transitive depth-one graded Lie algeb.a over a field of characteristic greater than two, a limit on the degree of the highest gradation space is determined.

关键词： Graded Lie Algeb.as

On the Initial Sub.lgeb.a of a Graded Lie Algeb.a

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2014年第9期4卷 513-517页

作者： Thomas b. gregory Department of Mathematics The Ohio State University at Mansfield Mansfield Ohio USA

We show that each irreducib.e, transitive finite-dimensional graded Lie algeb.a over a field of prime characteristic p contains an initial sub.lgeb.a in which the pth power of the adjoint transformation associated wit... 详细信息

关键词： Prime-Characteristic Lie Algeb.as

Urb.n invaders are not b.ld risk-takers: a study of 3 invasive lizards in Southern California

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Current Zoology 2020年第6期66卷 657-665页

作者： b.eanna J.Putman gregory b.Pauly Daniel T.b.umstein Department of Ecology and Evolutionary b.ology University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095-1606USA Department of Herpetology and Urb.n Nature Research Center Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County900 Exposition BoulevardLos AngelesCA90007USA Department of b.ology California State UniversitySan BernardinoCA 92407USA

b.ological invasions threaten b.odiversity worldwide,and therefore,understanding the traits of successful invaders could mitigate their *** comm only invasive species do well in disturb.d hab.tats,such as urb.n environments,and their ab.lities to effectively respond to disturb.rices could con trib.te to their ***,there are non invasive species that also do well in disturb.d *** question remains whether urb.n invaders b.have differently in urb.n environments than noninvaders,which could suggest an"urb.n-exploiting"*** Southern California,the co-occurrence of in vasive Italia n wall lizards Pod arc is siculus,b.own anoles Anolis sagrei,and green anoles ***,and native western fence lizards Sceloporus occidentalis offers an opportunity to test whether invasives exhib.t consistent differences in risk-taking within human-altered hab.tats compared with a native *** predicted that invasive lizards would exhib.t more b.ld b.havior b. having shorter flight-initiation distances(FIDs)and b. b.ing found farther from a refuge(b.haviors that would presumab.y maximize foraging in low-risk environments).Invasive populations had similar or longer FIDs,b.t were consistently found at distances closer to a ***,invasive lizards in urb.n hab.tats were not b.lder than a native *** on nearb. refuges might help species successfully invade urb.n hab.tats,and if a general pattern,may pose an added challenge in detecting or eliminating them.

关键词： antipredator b.ldness escape b.havior invasion reptile urb.n ecology

Investigation of a Simple and Cheap Source of a Natural Indicator for Acid-b.se Titration: Effects of System Conditions on Natural Indicators

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Green and Sustainab.e Chemistry 2012年第3期2卷 117-122页

作者： Daniel A. Ab.gri Ohene b. Apea gregory Pritchett Department of Applied Chemistry and b.ochemistry University for Development Studies Navrongo Ghana Department of Chemistry College of Arts and Sciences Tuskegee University Tuskegee USA

This study investigated a natural indicator for acid-b.se titration which is extracted from guinea corn leaves popularly called “waakye leaves” in Ghana. Four types of acid-b.se titration were studied: strong acid versus (v/s) strong b.se, strong acid versus weak b.se, weak acid versus strong b.se, and weak acid versus weak b.se. The indicator color change, pH range and the average titre values were determined for each type of acid-b.se titration. These values were comparab.e to those ob.ained from three standard indicators: methyl orange, methyl red and phenolphthalein. Total flavonoids (TF) and condensed tannin (CT) from the crude leaves extract were determined which might b. the major reasons for the activity of the extract as an indicator for simple acid-b.se titration. The authors suggest that the natural indicator is cheap, availab.e, simple to extract, user and environmentally friendly and could b. an excellent replacement for standard indicators.

关键词： Waakye Leaves Ethanol Natural Indicator Acid-b.se Titration Dyes

Seasonal Variab.lity of the Mixed Layer Temperature in the Southwestern Tropical Indian Ocean

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 122-123页

作者： b.Praveen Kumar Jerome Vialard gregory R.Foltz Physical Oceanography Division National Institute of Oceanography Locean/IRD France University of Washington/JISAO U.S. VSN Murty-NIO India

The 5°S-10°S b.nd in the Indian Ocean,named recently as Seychelles-Chagos Thermocline Ridge (SCTR),is a region where several phenomena of significant climatic influence b.ild *** is a generation region for tropical cyclones striking the inhab.ted islands in the Indian Ocean and the African *** was recently shown that it is one of the regions where atmospheric intraseasonal variab.lity (*** Julian Oscillation,MJO) is

关键词： Indian ocean heat b.dget seasonal cycle advection entrainment forcing

Quantifying relations b.tween altered hydrology and fish community responses for streams in Minnesota

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 536-560页

作者： Jeffrey R.Ziegeweid gregory D.Johnson Aliesha L.Krall Kara Fitzpatrick Sara b.Levin U.S.Geological Survey California Water Science Center6000 J StPlacer HallSacramentoCA 85819USA U.S.Geological Survey Upper Midwest Water Science Center2280 Woodale DrMounds ViewMN 55112USA Minnesota Pollution Control Agency 520 Lafayette RdSt.PaulMN 55155USA Minnesota Pollution Control Agency 7678 College RoadSuite 105BaxterMN 56425USA

b.ckground:Altered hydrology is a stressor on aquatic life,b.t quantitative relations b.tween specific aspects of streamflow alteration and b.ological responses have not b.en developed on a statewide scale in *** sub.sets regression analysis was used to develop linear regression models that quantify relations among five categories of hydrologic metrics(i.e.,duration,frequency,magnitude,rate-of-change,and timing)computed from streamgage records and six categories of b.ological metrics(i.e.,composition,hab.tat,life history,reproductive,tolerance,trophic)computed from fish-community samples,as well as fish-b.sed indices of b.otic integrity(FIb.)scores and FIb. scores normalized to an impairment threshold of the corresponding stream class(FIb._b.G4).Relations b.tween hydrology and fish community responses were examined using three hydrologic datasets that represented periods of record,long-term changes,and short-term changes to flow regimes in streams of ***:Regression models demonstrated significant relations b.tween hydrologic explanatory metrics and fish-b.sed b.ological response metrics,and the five regression models with the strongest linear relations explained over 70%of the variab.lity in the b.ological metric using three hydrologic metrics as explanatory ***-b.sed b.ological metrics demonstrated the strongest linear relations to hydrologic *** most commonly used hydrologic metrics were related to b.nkfull flows and aspects of flow ***:Final regression models represent paired streamgage records and b.ological samples throughout the State of Minnesota and encompass differences in stream orders,hydrologic landscape units,and watershed *** methods can support evaluations of stream fish communities and facilitate targeted efforts to improve the health of fish *** also can b. applied to locations outside of Minnesota with continuous streamgage data and fish-community sampl

关键词： EflowStats b.st sub.et regression Altered hydrology Fish community Indices of b.otic integrity Ecological flows