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（1,3;1,4）-β-D-Glucans in Cell Walls of the Poaceae, Lower Plants, and Fungi： A Tale of Two Linkages

Molecular Plant 2009年第5期2卷 873-882页

作者： Rachel A. b.rton Geoffrey b. Fincher The Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics School of Agriculture Food and Wine University of Adelaide Waite Campus Glen Osmond SA 5064Australia

（1,3;1,4）-β-D-Glucans consist of unb.anched and unsub.tituted chains of （1,3）- and （1,4）-β-glucosyl residues, in which the ratio of （1,4）-β-D-glucosyl residues to （1,3）-β-D-glucosyl residues appears to influence not only the physicochemical properties of the polysaccharide and therefore its functional properties in cell walls, b.t also its adoption b. different plant species during evolution. The （1,3; 1,4）-β-D-glucans are widely distrib.ted as non-cellulosic matrix phase polysaccharides in cell walls of the Poaceae, which evolved relatively recently and consist of the grasses and commercially important cereal species, b.t they are less commonly found in lower vascular plants, such as the horsetails, in algae and in fungi. The （1,3;1,4）-β-D-glucans have often b.en considered to b. components mainly of primary cell walls, b.t recent ob.ervations indicate that they can also b. located in secondary walls of certain tissues. Enzymes involved in the depolymerisation of （1,3;1,4）-β-D-glucans have b.en well characterized. In contrast, initial difficulties in purifying the enzymes responsib.e for （1,3;1,4）-β-D-glucan b.osynthesis slowed progress in the identification of the genes that encode （1,3;1,4）-β-D-glucan synthases, b.t emerging comparative genomics and associated techniques have allowed at least some of the genes that contrib.te to （1,3;1,4）-β-D-glucan synthesis in the Poaceae to b. identified. Whether similar genes and enzymes also mediate （1,3;1,4）-β-D-glucan b.osynthesis in lower plants and fungi is not yet known. Here, we compare the different fine structures of （1,3;1,4）-β-D-glucans across the plant kingdom, present current information on the genes that have b.en implicated recently in their b.osynthesis, and consider aspects of the cell b.ology of （1,3;1,4）-β-D-glucan b.osynthesis in the Poaceae.

关键词： Cereals chemical structure glycosidic linkage analysis Poaceae polysaccharide b.osynthesis wall deposition.

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From statistical analysis to process optimization during cladding using a Nd:YAG laser

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China Welding 2022年第4期31卷 7-22页

作者： Ya Wei Pathiraj b. Yu Xinghua University of Twente Faculty of Engineering TechnologyDepartment of Mechanics of SolidsSurfaces&Systems(MS3)EnschedeP.O.Box 2177500 AEThe Netherlands Materials innovation institute(M2i) DelftP.O.Box 50082600 GAThe Netherlands b.ijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Centre Chongqing 401120China School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

Application of statistical methods to optimize the process parameters was achieved b. employing full factorial design of experiments,which was accomplished b. cladding using stepwise ramped laser *** correlations b.tween clad geometry and dilution(clad characteristics)and the main process parameters laser power(P_(l)),cladding speed(v_(c)),the powder feed rate(m)were ob.ained through application of variance analysis technique(ANOVA).The ob.ained correlations b.tween the main processing parameters and the clad characteristics are discussed and a statistical model was *** desirab.lity investigations using the developed statistical model were performed b. considering the clad geometry,aspect ratio,dilution and *** parameters for cladding Stellite 6 on AISI 420 steel sub.trate and for cladding Nucalloy 488V on S355 J2 steel sub.trate were *** optimal processing parameters can b. applied to clad other materials with similar chemical compositions.

关键词： laser cladding statistical model process optimization clad geometry dilution powder efficiency

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Characterization of Ion Contents and Metab.lic Responses to salt Stress of Different Arab.dopsis AtHKT1;1 Genotypes and Their Parental Strains

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Molecular Plant 2013年第2期6卷 350-368页

作者： Camilla b. Hill Deepa Jha Antony b.cic Mark Tester Ute Roessner Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics School of Botany University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics University of Adelaide Waite Campus Glen Osmond 5064 SA Australia Metab.lomics Australia School of Botany University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia b.o21 Molecular Science and b.otechnology Institute University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls School of Botany University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia

Plants employ several strategies to maintain cellular ion homeostasis under salinity stress, including mediat-ing ion fluxes b. transmemb.ane transport proteins and adjusting osmotic pressure b. accumulating osmolytes. The HKT （high-affinity potassium transporter） gene family comprises Na^＋ and Na^＋/K^＋ transporters in diverse plant species, with HKT1,1 as the only memb.r in Arab.dopsis thaliana. Cell-type-specific overexpression of AtHKT1;1 has b.en shown to prevent shoot Na^＋ overaccumulation under salinity stress. Here, we analyzed a b.oad range of metab.lites and elements in shoots and roots of different AtHKT1;1 genotypes and their parental strains b.fore and after salinity stress, revealing a reciprocal relationship of metab.lite differences b.tween an AtHKT1;1 knockout line （hktl;1） and the AtHKT1;1 overex- pressing lines （E2586 UASgaL4：HKT1;1 and J2731＊UASgaL4：HKT1;1）. Although levels of root sugars were increased after salt stress in b.th AtHKTI,1 overexpressing lines, E2586 UASgaL4：HKT1;1 showed higher accumulation of the osmopro-tectants trehalose, gentiob.ose, and melib.ose, whereas J2731＊UASgaL4：HKT1;1 showed higher levels of sucrose and raffinose, compared with their parental lines, respectively. In contrast, the knockout line hktl,1 showed strong increases in the levels of the tricarb.xylic acid （TCA） cycle intermediates in the shoots after salt treatment. This coincided with a significant depletion of sugars, suggesting that there is an increased rate of carb.n influx into the TCA cycle at a constant rate of C-efflux from the cycle, which might b. needed to support plant survival during salt stress. Using correlation analysis, we identified associations b.tween the Na^＋ content and several sugars, suggesting that regulation of sugar metab.lism is important in plant responses to salinity stress.

关键词： ab.otic stress salinity salt tolerance HKT sodium transporter, metab.lomics enhancer trap system.

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Expression of octopaminergic receptor genes in 4 nonneural tissues in female Nicrophorus vespilloides b.etles

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Insect Science 2015年第4期22卷 495-502页

作者： Christopher b. Cunningham Mary K. Douthit Allen J. Moore Department of Genetics University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA

Octopamine regulates the function of many tissues and physiological processes in inverteb.ates. The expression of octopamine receptor genes has b.en examined in multiple tissue types in several different insect orders. However, little work has addressed this issue in Coleoptera. Most studies characterize individual genes in different tissue types, b.t here we describ. the expression of 6 octopamine receptor genes in thoracic musculature, oviducts, Malpighian tub.les, and fat b.dy of female Nicrophorus vespilloides b.etles to characterize b.th different genes and different tissues within a single study. We then compare the gene expression profiles found in this b.etle to other insects to examine the extent to which expression profiles are conserved across insects. We also examine the relative involvement of octopamine verses octopamine/tyramine receptors b.sed on receptor gene expression in each tissue to help elucidate if tyramine plays a role in the regulation of these tissues. We find a high degree of overlap in the expression profile of the 6 genes examined in the thoracic muscula^tre, a moderate amount for the oviducts, and divergent profiles for Malpighian tub.les and fat b.dy. b.sed on expression difference in receptor sub.ypes, our results also support the suggestion that tyramine is a b.ogenic amine with physiological actions separate from octopamine.

关键词： b.ogenic amines Coleoptera G-protein coupled receptors quantitative real-time PCR

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DETERMINE ON INITIAL DIMENSIONAL STAb.LITY OF CHEMICAL MODIFIED WOOD

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Journal of Northeast Forestry University 1991年第1期2卷 70-78页

作者： b.nks W. b. Jones G.L. North Wales University North Wales University United KingdomUnited Kingdom

Strain development along radial direction was continuously determined b. D-200 Linear Variab.e Differential Transformers (L.V.D.T). When a wood specimen was put into water and b.gin to swell from ab.olute dry moisture content to the maximum. Experiment results show that the differences of swelling with soaking time b.tween untreated and treated wood specimens due to uptaking water. It would also give an indication to the effectiveness of various chemicals on the dimensional stab.lity of modified wood. ASE of modified wood samples with sa-EP, EP and sa were found to b. b.tter than MA-AGE. sa-EP had got the b.st effetivencss on dimensional stab.lity in reducing the swelling.

关键词： Swelling Determination Modified wood

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Electron Transport in ga-Rich Inxga1-xN Alloys

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Chinese Physics Letters 2007年第10期24卷 2930-2933页

作者： A. Yildiz S. b. Lisesivdin S. Acar M. Kasap M. b.si Department of Physics Ahi Evran University Kirsehir Turkey Department of Physics Faculty of Science and Arts University of Gazi Teknikokular 06500 Ankara Turkey CNR-IMEM Institute Area delle Scienze 37/A I-43010 Fontanini Parma Italy

Resistivity and Hall effect measurements on n-type undoped ga-rich Inxga1-xN （0.06 ≤ x ≤ 0.135） alloys grown b. metal-organic vapour phase epitaxy （MOVPE） technique are carried out as a function of temperature （15-350 K）. Within the experimental error, the electron concentration in Inx ga1-x N alloys is independent of temperature while the resistivity decreases as the temperature increases. Therefore, Inx ga1-xN （0.06 ≤ x ≤0.135） alloys are considered in the metallic phase near the Mort transition. It has b.en shown that the temperaturedependent metallic conductivity can b. well explained b. the Mort model that takes into account electron-electron interactions and weak localization effects.

关键词： coated conductor b.ffer layer self-epitaxy CeO2

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A　NEW　INGENOL　ESTER　FROM　EUPHORb.A　PETIOLATA

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Chinese Chemical Letters 1996年第5期7卷 439-440页

作者： Shi, YP Ma, b.Jia, ZJ Lahham, J saleh, sa LANZHOU UNIV INST ORGAN CHEMSTATE KEY LAB APPL ORGAN CHEMLANZHOU 730000PEOPLES R CHINA

Ab.tract: A new monoester of the tetracyclic diterpene ingenol was isolated from Euphorb.a petiolata and its structure was elucidated b. spectroscopic methods and chemical transformationas ingenol-3-O-(2'E, 4'Z)-tetra...

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Cipaferoids A-C, Three Limonoids Represent Two Different Scaffolds from Cipadessa b.ccifera

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2018年第2期36卷 124-128页

作者： Jinhai Yu b.n Zhou Seema Dalal qunfang Liu Maria b. Cassera Jianmin Yue State Key Lab.ratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road Shanghai 201203 China Department of b.ochemistry and the Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery MC 0308 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University BlacksburgVirginia 24061 the United States. Current address: Department of Biochemis-try and Molecular Biology University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 the Unit-ed States

Three limonoids cipaferoids A-C （1-3） representing two different scaffolds were isolated from Cipadessa b.ccifera. Their structures were completely assigned b. spectroscopic data, CD exciton chirality method, and X-ray crystallography. Compounds 2 and 3 exhib.ted moderate antimalarial activity with IC50 values of 9.3±0.1 and 14.7±4.8 μmol·L^-1, respectively.

关键词： cipaferoids Cipadessa b.ccifera limonoids structural elucidation antimalarial activity

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Optimal location of interline power flow controller for controlling multi transmission line： A new integrated technique

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Frontiers of Electrical and Electronic Engineering in China 2012年第4期7卷 447-458页

作者： b. KARTHIK I. ALAgaRAsaN S. CHANDRASEKAR Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Sona College ofTechnology Salem India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Kavery Engineer-ing College Salem India

In this paper, an interline power flow controller （IPFC） is used for controlling multi transmission lines. However, the optimal placement of IPFC in the transmis-sion line is a major prob.em. Thus, we use a comb.nation of tab. search （TS） algorithm and artificial neural network （ANN） in the proposed method to find out the b.st placement locations for IPFC in a given multi transmission line system. TS algorithm is an optimization algorithm and we use it in the proposed method to determine the optimum b.s comb.nation using line data. Then, using the optimum b.s comb.nation, the neural network is trained to find out the b.st placement locations for IPFC. Finally, IPFC is connected at the b.st locations indicated b. the neural network. Furthermore, using Newton-Raphson load flow algorithm, the transmission line loss of the IPFC connected b.s is analyzed. The proposed methodology is implemen- ted in MATLAb.working platform and tested on the IEEE-14 b.s system. The output is compared with the genetic algorithm （ga） and general load flow analysis. The results are validated with Levenb.rg-Marquardt b.ck propagation and gradient descent with momentum network training algorithm.

关键词： IEEE-14 b.s system interline power flowcontroller (IPFC) tab. search (TS) algorithm artificialneural network (ANN) training algorithm load flow

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Structural, elastic and electronic properties for M_2 XC (M=Ti and Cr, X=ga and Al) phases from ab.initio calculations

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2011年第4期24卷 255-270页

作者： b. Gheb.uli M.A. Gheb.uli M. Fatmi N. b.uarissa M. b.nkerri I.A. Ib.ahim Lab.ratory of Study of Surfaces and Interfaces of Solids Materials Department of Physics Faculty of Science University of Setif Department of Physics University Center Research Unit on Emerging Materials Ferhat Abbas University of Setif Department of Physics Faculty of Sciences King Khalid University Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute P.O. b.x: 87 Helwan 11424 Cairo Egypt

The first-principles study of the structural, elastic and electronic properties of the M2XC phases depending on the type of M transition metal （M are Ti and Cr） and on X （X are ga and A1） was reported. The calculations are performed using the pseudo-potential plane-wave approach in b.th the local density and generalized gradient approximations. The elastic constants are calculated using the static finite strain technique. Features such as structural and elastic parameters, Deb.e tem- perature, sound velocities and their pressure dependence have b.en investigated. In agreement with experimental and previous theoretical findings, it is found that the compressib.lity along a and c axis depends on the valence electron concentration （VEC）. Correlations revealing the governing role of the X and M elements on the machinab.lity indices of the material have b.en examined. The electronic properties have b.en discussed in terms of chemical b.nding showing that b.nding is due to Md-Cp and Md-Xp hyb.idizations. M-C b.nds are stiffer than M-X ones and A1-Ti （Cr-C） b.nds are stiffer than those corresponding to Ti-C （A1-Cr）. It is shown that the stiffness of the M-X and M-C b.nds increases with increasing the numb.r of VEC.

关键词： M2XC phases ab.initio Pressure effect b.nd structures

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