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Diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance and hepatitis C virus infection: A contemporary review

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第9期23卷 1697-1711页

作者： anne-Claire Desbois Patrice Cacoub Inflammation-Immunopathology-biotherapy Department Sorbonne Universités UMR_S 959 French National Institute of Health and Medical Research FRE3632 The French National Center for Scientific Research Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière AP-HP

AIM To summarise the literature data on hepatitis C virus(HCV)-infected patients concerning the prevalence of glucose abnormalities and associated *** We conducted a PubM ed search and selected all studies found with the key words "HCV" or "hepatitis C virus" and "diabetes" or "insulin resistance". We included only comparative studies written in English or in French, published from January 2000 to April 2015. We collected the literature data on HCV-infected patients concerning the prevalence of glucose abnormalities [diabetes mellitus (DM) and insulin resistance (IR)] and associated risk [i.e., severe liver fibrosis, response to antivirals, and the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)]. RESULTS HCV infection is significantly associated with DM/IR compared with healthy volunteers and patients with hepatitis b virus infection. Glucose abnormalities were associated with advanced liver fibrosis, lack of sustained virologic response to interferon alfa-based treatment and with a higher risk of HCC development. As new antiviral therapies may offer a cure for HCV infection, such data should be taken into account, from a therapeutic and preventive point of view, for liver and non-liver consequences of HCV disease. The efficacy of antidiabetic treatment in improving the response toantiviral treatment and in decreasing the risk of HCC has been reported by some studies but not by others. Thus, the effects of glucose abnormalities correction in reducing liver events need further *** Glucose abnormalities are strongly associated with HCV infection and show a negative impact on the main liver related outcomes.

关键词：丙肝病毒糖尿病 mellitus 胰岛素抵抗肝纤维变性治疗

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Impact of pain on health-related quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第25期16卷 3168-3177页

作者： Anja Schirbel anne Reichert Stephanie Roll Daniel C baumgart Carsten büning bianca Wittig bertram Wiedenmann Axel Dignass Andreas Sturm Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine Charité-Campus Virchow Clinic Universittsmedizin Berlin 13353 Berlin Germany Institute for Social Medicine Epidemiology and Health Economics Campus Mitte Charité-Universittsmedizin Berlin 10117 Berlin Germany Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Endocrinology Campus Mitte Charité-Universittsmedizin Berlin 10117 Berlin Germany Division of Gastroenterology Infectiology and Rheumatology Department of Medicine Charité-Campus Benjamin Franklin Universittsmedizin Berlin 12203 Berlin Germany Department of Medicine I Markus-Hospital Wilhelm-Epstein-Str. 4. 60431 Frankfurt/Main Germany

AIM: To evaluate intensity, localization and cofactors of pain in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis patients in connection with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and disease activity. METHODS: We reviewed and analyzed the responses of 334 patients to a specifically designed questionnairebased on the short inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire (SIbDQ) and the German pain questionnaire. Pain intensity, HRQOL, Crohn’s disease activity index (CDAI) and colitis activity index (CAI) were correlated and verified on a visual analog scale (VAS). RESULTS: 87.9% of patients reported pain. Females and males reported comparable pain intensities and HRQOL. Surgery reduced pain in both genders (P = 0.023), whereas HRQOL only improved in females. Interestingly, patients on analgesics reported more pain (P = 0.003) and lower HRQOL (P = 0.039) than patients not on analgesics. A significant correlation was found in UC patients between pain intensity and HRQOL (P = 0.023) and CAI (P = 0.027), and in CD patients between HRQOL and CDAI (P = 0.0001), but not between pain intensity and CDAI (P = 0.35). No correlation was found between patients with low CDAI scores and pain intensity. CONCLUSION: Most IbD patients suffer from pain and have decreased HRQOL. Our study reinforces the need for effective individualized pain therapy in IbD patients.

关键词： Disease activity index Health-related quality of life Inflammatory bowel disease Pain

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Evolutionary consequences of deception： Complexity and informational content of colony signature are favored by social parasitism

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Current Zoology 2014年第1期60卷 137-148页

作者： Maria Cristina LORENZI Laura AZZANI anne-Genevieve bAGNRRES Department of Life Sciences and Systems biology University of Turin via Accademia Albertina 13 10123 Torino Italy I.R.b.I. - UMR CNRS 7261 - Universit6 de Tours Facult6 des Sciences Parc Grandmont 37200 Tours France

Nestmate recognition codes show remarkable chemical complexity, involving multiple biochemical pathways. This complexity provides the opportunity to evaluate the ecological and social conditions that favor the evolution of complex signaling. We investigated how the chemical signatures of three populations of the social paper waspPolistes biglumisdiffered in terms of concentration of hydrocarbons, proportions of branched hydrocarbons and overall variation. We tested whether the variation in chemical signatures among populations could be explained by the prevalence of social parasites or whether this was just an effect of local abiotic conditions which influenced the composition of the hydrocarbon cuticular layer. We studied the chemical signature in three populations in which obligate social parasites differed in the selection pressures they imposed on host populations. Within each population, we restricted our analyses to non-parasitized hosts, to avoid potential short-term effects of parasite presence on the host chemical signatures. We found that host colonies in parasitized populations had more diverse profiles than the parasite-free population. Moreover, the overall concentration of hydrocarbons and the relative proportion of branched hydrocarbons were larger in the parasitized populations, relative to the non-parasitized one. This is to our knowledge the first evidence in favour of the hypothesis that different traits in the host chemical signatures as a whole undergo evolutionary changes resulting from directional or balancing selection imposed by social parasites. We conclude that obligate social parasites act as ‘engines of diversity’ on host chemical signatures and operate in favor of a geographic mosaic of diverging communication codes.

关键词：寄生虫学社会条件群体特征复杂性信息内容进化化学特征欺骗

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Interactions of primary neuroepithelial progenitor and brain endothelial cells: distinct effect on neural progenitor maintenance and differentiation by soluble factors and direct contact

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Cell Research 2007年第7期17卷 619-626页

作者： Miguel A Gama Sosa Rita De Gasperi anne b Rocher Gissel M Perez Keila Simons Daniel E Cruz Patrick R Hof Gregory A Elder Departments of Psychiatry Research and Development Service James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center 130 West Kingsbridge Road Bronx New York 10468 USA Neuroscience Mount Sinai School of Medicine of New York University New York NY Department of Research and Development Service James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center 130 West Kingsbridge Road Bronx New York 10468 USA

Neurovascular interactions are crucial for the normal development of the central nervous system. To study suchinteractions in primary cultures, we developed a procedure to simultaneously isolate neural progenitor and endothelialcell fractions from embryonic mouse brains. Depending on the culture conditions endothelial cells were found to favormaintenance of the neuroprogenitor phenotype through the production of soluble factors, or to promote neuronal differ-entiation of neural progenitors through direct contact. These apparently opposing effects could reflect differential cellularinteractions needed for the proper development of the brain.

关键词： differentiation culture endothelial cells neuroepithelial cells

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Occupational risk of exposure to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)and the quality of infection hygiene in nursing homes

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021年第3期15卷 111-121页

作者： Pil Uthaug Rasmussen Katrine Uhrbrand Mette Damkjaer bartels Helle Neustrup Dorina Gabriela Karottki Ute biiltmann anne Mette Madsen National Research Centre for the Working Environment Lerso Parkalle 1052100 Copenhagen 0Denmark Department of Clinical Microbiology Hvidovre HospitalKettegdrd Alle 302650 HvidovreDenmark The Danish Working Environment Authority Landskronagade 332100 CopenhagenDenmark University Medical Center Groningen Department of Health SciencesCommunity&Occupational MedicineUniversity of Groningen9700 GroningenThe Netherlands

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)is an increasing health concern across the globe and is often prevalent at long-term care facilities,such as nursing ***,we know little of whether nursing home staff is exposed to MRSA via air and *** investigated whether staff members at nursing homes are colonised with and exposed to culturable MRSA,and assessed staff members'self-reported knowledge of MRSA and compliance with infection hygiene *** nursing homes with MRSA positive residents were visited in Copenhagen,*** bioaerosol exposure samples and environmental samples from surfaces,sedimented dust and bioaerosols were examined for MRSA and methicillin-suscqjtible ***(MSSA)to determine occupational *** were taken from staffs*nose,throat,and hands to determine whether they were colonised with *** online questionnaire about MRSA and infection control was *** staff members were colonised with MRSA,but MRSA was detected in the rooms of the colonised residents in two out of the five nursing *** was observed in air(n=4 out of 42,ranging from 2.9-1.9 CFU/m^(3)),sedimented dust(n=1 out of 58,1.1 ×10^(3) CFU/m^(2)/d),and on surfaces(n=9 out of 113,0.04-70.8 CFU/m^(2)).The questionnaire revealed that half of the staff members worry about spreading MRSA to *** aspects for improvement were improved availability and use of protective equipment,not transferring cleaning supplies(e.g.,vacuum cleaners)between residents'rooms and to reduce worry of MRSA,e.g.,through education.

关键词： Antibiotic resistance Airborne MRSA bioaerosols Healthcare-associated infections Healthcare worker Occupational health

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Engineering osteoarthritic cartilage model through differentiating senescent human mesenchymal stem cells for testing disease-modifying drugs

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2022年第2期65卷 309-327页

作者： Ning Wang Yuchen He Silvia Liu Meagan J.Makarcyzk Guanghua Lei Alexander Chang Peter G Alexander Tingjun Hao anne-Marie Padget Nuria de Pedro Tsapekos Menelaos Hang Lin Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh PA 15219USA Department of Orthopedic Surgery Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha 410008China Department of Pathology University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh PA 15219USA Department of bioengineering University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of EngineeringPittsburgh PA 15219USA Department of bioinformatics University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh PA 15219USA McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh PA 15219USA Department of biology University of Pittsburgh Dietrich School of Arts and SciencePittsburgh PA 15219USA Department of Research b2b Life Length SLMadrid 28010Spain Xiangya Third Hospital Central South UniversityChangsha 410013China

Significant cellular senescence has been observed in cartilage harvested from patients with osteoarthritis(OA).In this study,we aim to develop a senescence-relevant OA-like cartilage model for developing disease-modifying OA drugs(DMOADs).Spe-cifically,human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs)were expanded in vitro up to passage 10(P10-MSCs).Following their senescent phenotype formation,P10-MSCs were subjected to pellet culture in chondrogenic *** from qRT-PCR,histology,and immunostaining indicated that cartilage generated from P10-MSCs displayed both senescent and OA-like phenotypes without using other OA-inducing agents,when compared to that from normal passage 4(P4)-***,the same gene expression differences observed between P4-MSCs and P10-MSC-derived cartilage tissues were also observed between the preserved and damaged OA cartilage regions taken from human samples,as demonstrated by RNA sequencing data and other analysis ***,the utility of this senescence-initiated OA-like cartilage model in drug development was assessed by testing several potential DMOADs and *** results suggest that pre-existing cellular senescence can induce the generation of OA-like changes in *** P4-and P10-MSCs derived cartilage models also represent a novel platform for predicting the efficacy and toxicity of potential DMOADs on both preserved and damaged cartilage in humans.

关键词： osteoarthritis MSC senescence cartilage tissue engineering disease-modifying OA drug senolytic

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Evolution of germination strategy in the invasive species Ulex europaeus

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第2期10卷 375-385页

作者： Nathalie Udo Michèle Tarayre anne Atlan Laboratoire ECObIO UMR 6553CNRSUniversitéde Rennes 1Bâtiment 14ACampus de Beaulieu263 avenue du Général Leclerc35042 Rennes CedexFrance

Aims The study of the adaptive potential of the germination patterns of invading species enables us to identify some traits linked with their capacity to colonize new sites,and to gain a better understanding of their area of *** aim of this study is to determine the germination pattern of Ulex europaeus,a cosmopolitan invasive species,in relation to temperature and to explore its potential evolu-tion and invasiveness in a tropical region,following its introduction from *** We studied the germination pattern of ***(the com-mon gorse)to test both physical dormancy and germination capacity within the range of temperatures found in the native and invasive *** understand its germination pattern and its evolution,the rate and the speed of germination,as well as the percentage of seeds that became mouldy during the experi-ment,have been compared between a native habitat,France and a habitat into which it has been introduced,the tropical island of La *** Findings The results show that gorse seeds germinate in large quantities,pos-sess the ability to germinate under a wide range of temperatures and they confirm the physical dormancy of the seeds(caused by seed coat impermeability).The decrease in germination from 25℃ upwards,coupled with an increase in the rate of moulding help to explain its restricted distribution at altitude in tropical *** scari-fied seeds,we have not detected any difference between the two regions,neither in the percentage of germinated seeds,nor in the per-centage of mouldy ***,seeds from Reunion germinate faster at 20℃ than seeds from France and a greater number of seeds from Reunion are able to germinate without scarification(10-60%for Reunion versus 0-10%for France).These results suggest that while preserving the advantages of the native habitat,in Reunion gorse develops a strategy which favours the rapid occupation of new sites.

关键词： Ulex europaeus invasive species germination physical dormancy

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A Novel Two Domain-Fusion Protein in Cyanobacteria with Similarity to the CAb/ELIP/HLIP Superfamily： Evolutionary Implications and Regulation

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Molecular Plant 2008年第1期1卷 155-166页

作者： Oliver Kilian anne Soisig Steunou Arthur R. Grossman Devaki bhaya Department of Plant biology The Carnegie Institution Stanford CA 94305 USA

Vascular plants contain abundant, light-harvesting complexes in the thylakoid membrane that are non-covalently associated with chlorophylls and carotenoids. These light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding （LHC） proteins are members of an extended CAb/ELIP/HLIP superfamily of distantly related polypeptides, which have between one and four transmembrane helices （TMH）. This superfamUy includes the single TMH, high-light-inducible proteins （Hlips）, found in cyanobacteria that are induced by various stress conditions, including high light, and are considered ancestral to the LHC proteins. The roles of, and evolutionary relationships between, these superfamily members are of particular interest, since they function in both light harvesting and photoprotection and may have evolved through tandem gene duplication and fusion events. We have investigated the Hlips （hli gene family） in the thermophilic unicellular cyanobacterium Synechococcus OS-b＇. The five hli genes present on the genome of Synechococcus OS-b＂ are relatively similar, but transcript analyses indicate that there are different patterns of transcript accumulation when the cells are exposed to various growth conditions, suggesting that different Hlips may have specific functions. Hlip5 has an additional TMH at the N-terminus as a result of a novel fusion event. This additional TMH is very similar to a conserved hypothetical, single membrane-spanning polypeptide present in most cyanobacteria. The evolutionary significance of these results is discussed.

关键词： light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding (LHC) transmembrane helices (TMH) high-light-inducible proteins (Hlips)

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Combining a Low-Cost bio-Simulator and Single Use or Disposable bronchoscope: A Platform for Remote Training

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Open Journal of Respiratory Diseases 2022年第2期12卷 64-74页

作者： anne Marie Sweeney Kevin Frederick Deasy Marcus Peter Kennedy Department of Respiratory Medicine Cork University Hospital Cork Ireland ASSERT Centre University College Cork Cork Ireland College of Medicine and Health University College Cork Cork Ireland

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a reconsideration of our traditional teaching modalities and develop newer, dynamic methods. both high and low fidelity bronchoscopy simulators are costly. The objective was to assess whether a combination of a low-cost bio-simulator made of recyclable materials (ALFIETM Airway Low Fidelity including EbUS (endobronchial ultrasound)) and single use flexible bronchoscopy (SUFb) has the capability of differentiating novices from experts and the ability to train novices in bronchoscopy. Materials and Methods: Trainees were evaluated individually before and after training using a modified validated bronchoscopy Skills and Tasks Assessment Tool (b-STAT) and SUFb. Results: 18 trainees were included (14 residents and 4 fellows). Pre-training assessment of scope handling differentiated novices from experienced bronchoscopists (p = 0.0025, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 3.12 - 12.17). Training of novices was associated with an improvement in scope handling and sampling (p = 0.0001, 95% CI 4.73 - 10.27). Conclusion: ALFIETM and SUFb have the potential to create a low-cost platform to teach bronchoscopy remotely.

关键词： bronchoscopy Simulation Telemedicine bstat Test Single Use Flexible bronchoscopy (SUFb)

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Strain rate dependency and fragmentation pattern of expanding warheads

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2015年第1期11卷 1-9页

作者： John F.MOXNES anne K.PRYTZ Фyvind FR?YLAND Stian SKRIUDALEN Steinar bФRVE Gard ФDEGARDSTUEN Land Systems Division Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI) P.O.Box 25 NO-2027 Kjeller Norway Nammo Raufoss AS P.O.Box 162 NO-2831 Raufoss Norway

For the characterization of the behaviors of a metal material in events like expanding warheads, it is necessary to know its strength and ductility at high strain rates, around 104e105/s. The flyer plate impact testing produces the uniform stress and strain rates but the testing is expensive. The Taylor test is relatively inexpensive but produces non-uniform stress and strain fields, and the results are not so easily inferred for material modeling. In the split-Hopkinson bar(SHb), which may be used in compression, tension and torsion testing, the strain rates never exceeds 103/s. In the present work, we use the expanding ring test where the strain rate is 104e105/s. A streak camera is used to examine the expanding ring velocity, and a water tank is used to collect the fragments. The experimental results are compared with the numerical simulations using the hydrocodes AUTODYN, IMPETUS Afea and a regularized smooth particle(RSPH) software. The number of fragments increases with the increase in the expansion velocity of the rings. The number of fragments is similar to the experimental results. The RSPH software shows much the same results as the AUTODYN where the Lagrangian solver is used for the ring. The IMPETUS Afea solver shows a somewhat different fragmentation characteristic due to the node splitting algorithm that induces pronounced tensile splitting.

关键词： Warhead Fragmentation Simulation Fracture model Expanding ring

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