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regulatory T cells in inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第40期18卷 5688-5694页

作者： Gyrgyi Mzes béla molnár Ferenc Sipos 2nd Department of Internal Medicine Semmelweis University Molecular Medicine research Unit Hungarian Academy of Sciences

regulatory T cells(T regs) are key elements in immunological self-tolerance.The number of T regs may alter in both peripheral blood and in colonic mucosa during pathological circumstances.The local cellular,microbiological and cytokine milieu affect immunophenotype and function of T regs.Forkhead box P3+ T regs function shows altered properties in inflammatory bowel diseases(IbDs).This alteration of T regs function can furthermore be observed between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis,which may have both clinical and therapeutical consequences.Chronic mucosal inflammation may also influence T regs function,which together with the intestinal bacterial flora seem to have a supporting role in colitis-associated colorectal carcinogenesis.T regs have a crucial role in the immunoevasion of cancer cells in sporadic colorectal cancer.Furthermore,their number and phenotype correlate closely with the clinical outcome of the disease,even if their contribution to carcinogenesis has previously been controversial.Despite knowledge of the clinical relationship between IbD and colitis-associated colon cancer,and the growing number of immunological aspects encompassing sporadic colorectal carcinogenesis,the molecular and cellular links amongst T regs,regulation of the inflammation,and cancer development are still not well understood.In this paper,we aimed to review the current data surrounding the role of T regs in the pathogenesis of IbD,colitis-associated colon cancer and sporadic colorectal cancer.

关键词：调节性T细胞肠道疾病大肠癌炎症鸡传染性法氏囊病溃疡性结肠炎临床治疗试验细胞功能

Changes of the cytokine profile in inflammatory bowel diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第41期18卷 5848-5861页

作者： Gyrgyi Mzes béla molnár Zsolt Tulassay Ferenc Sipos 2nd Department of Internal Medicine Semmelweis University1088 BudapestHungary Molecular Medicine research Unit Hungarian Academy of Sciences1051 BudapestHungary

Cytokines are indispensable signals of the mucosaassociated immune system for maintaining normal gut homeostasis.An imbalance of their profile in favour of inflammation initiation may lead to disease states,such as that is observed in inflammatory bowel diseases(IbD).Although Crohn's disease(CD) is often described as a prototype of T-helper 1-type diseases,and ulcerative colitis(UC) is traditionally viewed as a T-helper 2-mediated condition,the classic paradigm,which categorises cytokines into pro-and anti-inflammatory groups,has recently been changed.The inflammation regulatory pathways may not be mutually exclusive as individual cytokines can have diverse and even opposing functions in various clinical and immunological settings.None the less there are many common immunological responses in IbD that are mediated by cytokines.Although they regulate and influence the development,course and recurrence of the inflammatory process,the concrete pathogenic role of these small signaling molecules is sometimes not unambiguous in the subtypes of the disease.Our aim is to review the current information about pro-and anti-inflammatory effects of traditionally studied and recently discovered cytokines in the pathogenesis of UC and CD.The better understanding of their production and functional activity may lead to the development of new therapeutic modalities.

关键词：细胞因子肠道疾病炎症信号分子抗炎作用免疫系统个人资料相互排斥

Stereotactic body radiotherapy in pancreatic adenocarcinoma

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第1期23卷 14-19页

作者： Carolina de la Pinta radiation Oncology Department Ramón y Cajal University HospitalIRYCISAlcaláUniversity28034 MadridSpain

background:Stereotactic body radiotherapy(SbrT)in pancreatic cancer allows high delivery of radiation doses on tumors without affecting surrounding tissue.This review aimed at the SbrT application in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.Data sources:We retrieved articles published in MEDLINE/PubMed from January 2017 to December 2022.Keywords used in the search included:“pancreatic adenocarcinoma”Or“pancreatic cancer”AND“stereotactic ablative radiotherapy(SAbr)”Or“stereotactic body radiotherapy(SbrT)”Or“chemoradiotherapy(CrT)”.English language articles with information on technical characteristics,doses and fractionation,indications,recurrence patterns,local control and toxicities of SbrT in pancreatic tumors were included.All articles were assessed for validity and relevant content.results:Optimal doses and fractionation have not yet been defined.However,SbrT could be the standard treatment in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma in addition to CrT.Furthermore,the combination of SbrT with chemotherapy may have additive or synergic effect on pancreatic adenocarcinoma.Conclusions:SbrT is an effective modality for patients with pancreatic cancer,supported by clinical practice guidelines as it has demonstrated good tolerance and good disease control.SbrT opens a possibility of improving outcomes for these patients,both in neoadjuvant treatment and with radical intent.

关键词： Chemoradiotherapy Pancreatic adenocarcinoma radiotherapy Stereotactic body radiotherapy Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy

Long-term outcomes after endoscopic removal of malignant colorectal polyps:results from a 10-year cohort

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2024年第4期16卷 193-205页

作者： Anna Fábián renáta bor béla Vasas Mónika Szűcs Tibor Tóth Zsófia bősze Kata Judit Szántó Péter bacsur Anita bálint bernadett Farkas Klaudia Farkas Ágnes Milassin Mariann rutka Tamás resál Tamás molnár Zoltán Szepes Department of Internal Medicine University of SzegedSzent-Györgyi Albert Medical SchoolSzeged 6725Hungary Department of Pathology University of SzegedSzent-Györgyi Albert Medical SchoolSzeged 6725Hungary Department of Medical Physics and Medical Informatics University of SzegedSzent-Györgyi Albert Medical SchoolSzeged 6720Hungary USZ Translational Colorectal research Group Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular MedicineSzeged 6725Hungary

bACKGrOUND Choosing an optimal post-polypectomy management strategy of malignant colorectal polyps is challenging,and evidence regarding a surveillance-only strategy is limited.AIM To evaluate long-term outcomes after endoscopic removal of malignant colorectal polyps.METHODS A single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate outcomes after endoscopic removal of malignant colorectal polyps between 2010 and 2020.residual disease rate and nodal metastases after secondary surgery and local and distant recurrence rate for those with at least 1 year of follow-up were invest-igated.Event rates for categorical variables and means for continuous variables with 95%confidence intervals were calculated,and Fisher’s exact test and Mann-Whitney test were performed.Potential risk factors of adverse outcomes were rESULTS In total,135 lesions(mean size:22.1 mm;location:42%rectal)from 129 patients(mean age:67.7 years;56%male)were enrolled.The proportion of pedunculated and non-pedunculated lesions was similar,with en bloc resection in 82%and 47%of lesions,respectively.Tumor differentiation,distance from resection margins,depth of submucosal invasion,lymphovascular invasion,and budding were reported at 89.6%,45.2%,58.5%,31.9%,and 25.2%,respectively.residual tumor was found in 10 patients,and nodal metastasis was found in 4 of 41 patients who underwent secondary surgical resection.Univariate analysis identified piecemeal resection as a risk factor for residual malignancy(odds ratio:1.74;P=0.042).At least 1 year of follow-up was available for 117 lesions from 111 patients(mean follow-up period:5.59 years).Overall,54%,30%,30%,11%,and 16%of patients presented at the 1-year,3-year,5-year,7-year,and 9-10-year surveillance examinations.Adverse outcomes occurred in 9.0%(local recurrence and dissemination in 4 patients and 9 patients,respectively),with no difference between patients undergoing secondary surgery and surveillance only.CONCLUSION reporting of histological features and adherence to surveillance colonoscopy nee

关键词： Malignant colorectal polyps T1 tumor Endoscopic removal Outcomes Long-term Surveillance

Truly optimal semi-active damping to control free vibration of a single degree of freedom system

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2024年第2期14卷 142-145页

作者： Viet Duc la Ngoc Tuan Nguyen Institute of Mechanics Vietnam Academy of Science and TechnologyHanoi 10000Vietnam Graduate University of Science and Technology Vietnam Academy of Science and TechnologyHanoi 10000Vietnam

This paper studies a single degree of freedom system under free vibration and controlled by a general semiactive damping.A general integral of squared error is considered as the performance index.A one-time switching damping controller is proposed and optimized.The pontryagin maximum principle is used to prove that no other form of semi-active damping can provide the better performance than the proposed one-time switching damping.

关键词： Analytical optimization Quadratic integral Lyapunov equation Pontryagin maximum principle

A convolutional neural network to detect possible hidden data in spatial domain images

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Cybersecurity 2024年第1期7卷 37-52页

作者： Jean De la Croix Ntivuguruzwa Tohari Ahmad Department of Informatics Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember(ITS)Kampus ITS Keputih SukoliloSurabaya60111Indonesia African Center of Excellence in the Internet of Things College of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Rwanda3900KigaliRwanda

Hiding secret data in digital multimedia has been essential to protect the data.Nevertheless,attackers with a steganalysis technique may break them.Existing steganalysis methods have good results with conventional Machine Learning(ML)techniques;however,the introduction of Convolutional Neural Network(CNN),a deep learning paradigm,achieved better performance over the previously proposed ML-based techniques.Though the existing CNN-based approaches yield good results,they present performance issues in classification accuracy and stability in the network training phase.This research proposes a new method with a CNN architecture to improve the hidden data detection accuracy and the training phase stability in spatial domain images.The proposed method comprises three phases:pre-processing,feature extraction,and classification.Firstly,in the pre-processing phase,we use spatial rich model filters to enhance the noise within images altered by data hiding;secondly,in the feature extraction phase,we use two-dimensional depthwise separable convolutions to improve the signal-to-noise and regular convolutions to model local features;and finally,in the classification,we use multi-scale average pooling for local features aggregation and representability enhancement regardless of the input size variation,followed by three fully connected layers to form the final feature maps that we transform into class probabilities using the softmax function.The results identify an improvement in the accuracy of the considered recent scheme ranging between 4.6 and 10.2%with reduced training time up to 30.81%.

关键词： Information security Spatial domain steganalysis Deep learning Convolutional neural network Infrastructure

Diagnostic and prognostic potential of tissue and circulating long non-coding rNAs in colorectal tumors

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第34期25卷 5026-5048页

作者： Orsolya Galamb barbara K barták Alexandra Kalmár Zsófia b Nagy Krisztina A Szigeti Zsolt Tulassay Peter Igaz béla molnár Molecular Medicine research Group Hungarian Academy of SciencesBudapest H-1088Hungary 2nd Department of Internal Medicine Semmelweis UniversityBudapest H-1088Hungary

Long non-coding rNAs(lncrNAs)are members of the non-protein coding rNA family longer than 200 nucleotides.They participate in the regulation of gene and protein expression influencing apoptosis,cell proliferation and immune responses,thereby playing a critical role in the development and progression of various cancers,including colorectal cancer(CrC).As CrC is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies worldwide with high mortality,its screening and early detection are crucial,so the identification of disease-specific biomarkers is necessary.LncrNAs are promising candidates as they are involved in carcinogenesis,and certain lncrNAs(e.g.,CCAT1,CrNDE,CrCAL1-4)show altered expression in adenomas,making them potential early diagnostic markers.In addition to being useful as tissue-specific markers,analysis of circulating lncrNAs(e.g.,CCAT1,CCAT2,blaCAT1,CrNDE,NEAT1,UCA1)in peripheral blood offers the possibility to establish minimally invasive,liquid biopsy-based diagnostic tests.This review article aims to describe the origin,structure,and functions of lncrNAs and to discuss their contribution to CrC development.Moreover,our purpose is to summarise lncrNAs showing altered expression levels during tumor formation in both colon tissue and plasma/serum samples and to demonstrate their clinical implications as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for CrC.

关键词： Long non-coding rNA Colorectal cancer Colorectal adenoma Circulating long non-coding rNAs Exosome biomarker Diagnostic marker Prognostic marker

ZnSb/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene van der Waals heterojunction for flexible near-infrared photodetector arrays

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Journal of Semiconductors 2024年第5期45卷 99-105页

作者： Chuqiao Hu ruiqing Chai Zhongming Wei la Li Guozhen Shen State Key laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures Institute of SemiconductorsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100083China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

Two-dimension(2D)van der Waals heterojunction holds essential promise in achieving high-performance flexible near-infrared(NIr)photodetector.Here,we report the successful fabrication of ZnSb/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene based flexible NIr photodetector array via a facile photolithography technology.The single ZnSb/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)photodetector exhibited a high light-to-dark current ratio of 4.98,fast response/recovery time(2.5/1.3 s)and excellent stability due to the tight connection between 2D ZnSb nanoplates and 2D Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene nanoflakes,and the formed 2D van der Waals heterojunction.Thin polyethylene terephthalate(PET)substrate enables the ZnSb/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)photodetector withstand bending such that stable photoelectrical properties with non-obvious change were maintained over 5000 bending cycles.Moreover,the ZnSb/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)photodetectors were integrated into a 26×5 device array,realizing a NIr image sensing application.

关键词： ZnSb nanoplates Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene van der Waals heterojunction flexible photodetector image sensing

Challenges and pitfalls of youth-onset type 2 diabetes

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第5期15卷 876-885页

作者： lavinia la Grasta Sabolic Sanda Marusic Maja Cigrovski berkovic Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology University Hospital Centre Sestre MilosrdniceZagreb 10000Croatia School of Medicine Catholic University of CroatiaZagreb 10000Croatia Department for Sport and Exercise Medicine University of Zagreb Faculty of KinesiologyZagreb 10000Croatia

The incidence and prevalence of youth-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are increasing.The rise in frequency and severity of childhood obesity,inclination to sedentary lifestyle,and epigenetic risks related to prenatal hyperglycemia exposure are important drivers of the youth-onset T2DM epidemic and might as well be responsible for the early onset of diabetes complications.Indeed,youth-onset T2DM has a more extreme metabolic phenotype than adult-onset T2DM,with greater insulin resistance and more rapid deterioration of beta cell function.Therefore,intermediate complications such as microalbuminuria develop in late childhood or early adulthood,while end-stage complications develop in mid-life.Due to the lack of efficacy and safety data,several drugs available for the treatment of adults with T2DM have not been approved in youth,reducing the pharmacological treatment options.In this mini review,we will try to address the present challenges and pitfalls related to youth-onset T2DM and summarize the available interventions to mitigate the risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications.

关键词： Youth-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus Insulin resistance beta cell failure risk factors Therapy Complications