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Weather Yield Model for the Semi Tropical Region (Pakistan)

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 1992年第3期9卷 367-372页

作者： Syed Faizan Haider K.H.Asif Amjad hussain Gilani The Department of Agricultural Meteorology Uni. of Agricuture Faisalabad PakistanThe Department of Agricultural Meteorology Uni. of Agricuture Faisalabad PakistanDegree College Rawala Kot Azad Kashmir

Weather models are essential tools for checking of the effect of the weather elements in terms of their effect on the production of the crop. This research is an attempt to see the effect of only two variables i.e., temperature and rainfall for the division Faisalabad (semitropical region of Pakistan).The model fitted is of the linear form:the values of a,b, c have been found. The expected yield has been calculated by using the aridity indices (X1 and X2 ) and the result in the form of coefficient of determination R2 has been found equal to 0.166. The significance of the regression coefficient has been tested, which shows that the contribution to the yield from aridity index at germination and that at ripening is significant.The wheat yields are the results of a wide variety of variables, most of which show varying degree of relationship with one another, some positive and some negative in terms of output. These variables may be technology, fertilizers, pesticides, epidemics, kinds of seeds used, market price of crop and the area under cultivation etc, which can be the source of variation in the wheat yield. Since rainfall during germination and temperature at the ripening periods are the necessary factors for the yield of wheat, for this purpose these parameters have been studied in order to their contribution.

关键词： Weather Yield Model for the Semi Tropical Region Pakistan

Entropy generation applications in flow of viscoelastic nanofluid past a lubricated disk in presence of nonlinear thermal radiation and Joule heating

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2021年第9期73卷 37-50页

作者： Aamar Abbasi Waseh Farooq M Ijaz Khan Sami Ullah Khan Yu-Ming Chu Zahid hussain M Y Malik Department of Mathematics University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad13100 Pakistan Department of Mathematics and Statistics Riphah International University I-14Islamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Mathematics COMSATS University IslamabadSahiwal 57000Pakistan Department of Mathematics Huzhou UniversityHuzhou 313000China Department of Mathematics College of SciencesKing Khalid UniversityAbha 61413Saudi Arabia

Entropy generation is the loss of energy in thermodynamical systems due to resistive forces,diffusion processes,radiation effects and chemical reactions.The main aim of this research is to address entropy generation due to magnetic field,nonlinear thermal radiation,viscous dissipation,thermal diffusion and nonlinear chemical reaction in the transport of viscoelastic fluid in the vicinity of a stagnation point over a lubricated disk.The conservation laws of mass and momentum along with the first law of thermodynamics and Fick’s law are used to discuss the flow,heat and mass transfer,while the second law of thermodynamics is used to analyze the entropy and irreversibility.The numbers of independent variables in the modeled set of nonlinear partial differential equations are reduced using similarity variables and the resulting system is numerically approximated using the Keller box method.The effects of thermophoresis,Brownian motion and the magnetic parameter on temperature are presented for lubricated and rough disks.The local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are documented for both linear and nonlinear thermal radiation and lubricated and rough disks.Graphical representations of the entropy generation number and Bejan number for various parameters are also shown for lubricated and rough disks.The concentration of nanoparticles at the lubricated surface reduces with the magnetic parameter and Brownian motion.The entropy generation declines for thermophoresis diffusion and Brownian motion when lubrication effects are dominant.It is concluded that both entropy generation and the magnitude of the Bejan number increase in the presence of slip.The current results present many applications in the lubrication phenomenon,heating processes,cooling of devices,thermal engineering,energy production,extrusion processes etc.

关键词： entropy generation viscoelastic fluid lubricated surface nonlinear thermal radiation Joule heating Keller box method

Mechanical and Machining Properties Analysis of Al6061-Cu-Reinforced SiCPMetal Matrix Composite

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2014年第1期2卷 54-60页

作者： Serajul Haque Prem Kumar Bharti Akhtar hussain Ansari Mechanical Engineering Department Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India Mechanical Engineering Department Integral University Lucknow India Mechanical Engineering Azad Institute of Engineering and Technology Lucknow India

The metal matrix composite (MMC), despite of its high stiffness, strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, non-react with chemicals and so many other tailored qualities which are never obtained in alloy of metals, has limited utilization due to the high cost of fabrication. In this study, a modest attempt has been made to find out the process parameters at which best mechanical properties of Al6061, 4% Cu and reinforced 5% SiCP ceramic MMC can be obtained. The addition of 4% Cu in Al6061 is more or less comparable to the composition duralumin, which are widely used in aerospace applications. SiCP is hard and has linear thermal expansion at high temperature. With reinforcement of SiCP in Al6061-Cu alloy, it can be postulated that hardness of MMC retains at high temperature applications. An analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and linear regression was used for analysis of data with the help of SPSS (Version-17.0). Independent parameters are five levels of pouring rates (1.5 cm/s, 2.0 cm/s, 2.5 cm/s, 3.0 cm/s and 3.5 cm/s), and material type (Al6061 + 4% Cu alloy and Al6061 + 4% Cu, reinforced 5% SiCp MMC processed using stir casting technique) and dependent parameters are hardness and impact strength material removal rates of workpiece. It is found that at different pouring rates material hardness and impact strength of workpiece are highly significant but the material removal rate of workpiece is having no significance value. At pouring rate of 2.5 cm/s and 700℃ ± 5℃ pouring temperature, optimum values of hardness and impact strength are observed as compared to other values of pouring rates (1.5 cm/s, 2.0 cm/s, 3.0 cm/s and 3.5 cm/s). Material Removal rate for work pieces of Al6061 + 4% Cu alloy is less as compared to MMC. So it can be concluded that MMC has better machining ability compared to Al6061 + 4% Cu alloy. Material removal rate of Al6061 + 4% Cu, reinforced 5% SiCP MMC has maximum values at 1.5 cm/s pouring rate compared to 2.0 cm/s, 2.5 cm/s, 3.0 cm/s and 3.5 cm/s pouring rates. With reinforcement of 5%

关键词： MMC Al6061 + 4% Cu Alloy SiC Particulate Stir Casting Technique Mechanical Properties Scanning

Reasons of Vaccine Hesitancy among Pakistanis with Available COVID-19 Vaccine: The Next Challenge in the Fight against COVID-19

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Natural Science 2021年第6期13卷 211-217页

作者： Wajiha Rizwan Muhammad Nasir Rana Mulazim hussain Bukhari Asma Mushtaq Masood Sadiq The Children Hospital/Institute of Child Health Lahore Pakistan azad Jammu Kashmir Medical College Muzaffarabad Pakistan

The government of Pakistan started vaccination campaign for the frontline healthcare pro-viders, as they are more likely to be exposed to COVID-19 patients. In the next step, it ex-tended the free vaccination campaign to include people above 60 and 50 years of age re-spectively. The drive is now open to all citizens >18 years of age. There is a significant re-luctance to get vaccinated even though the government has provided it free of cost. The project uses self-reporting method to assess reasons of vaccine hesitancy among Pakistanis and possible solutions to overcome this problem. Concern for serious side effects was the most common issue 154 (48.42%) reported among all groups of people, including the healthcare workers. The major sources of COVID-19 related information were television 117 (36.8%) and healthcare professionals 105 (33%). The participants reported that they can be convinced to get vaccinated if more published data related to vaccine efficacy and safety is available 118 (37.1%), they observe no side effect among vaccine recipients 90 (28.3%) or higher government officials get the same vaccine 39 (12.3%). Vigorous analysis and publication of data generated is paramount to increase the percentage of people being vaccinated. The healthcare professionals should share evidence-based knowledge related to vaccine efficacy and safety through television and social media to increase acceptance rates and hence, decrease mortality and morbidity from COVID-19 in Pakistan.

关键词： COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Vaccine Side Effects Vaccine and Propaganda Herd Immunity

Hepatoprotective effect of leaves of Erythroxylum monogynum Roxb.on paracetamol induced toxicity

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2013年第11期3卷 877-881页

作者： Sabeena hussain Syed Ajay Gajanan Namdeo Department of Pharmacognosy Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed UniversityPoona College of Pharmacy

Objective:To investigate the hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of leaves of Erythroxylum monogynum(E.monogynum)on paracetamol induced toxicity.Methods:Methanolic extract of leaves of E.monogynum was given in doses of 100 mg/kg,200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg for 7 d and toxicity was induced by paracetamol(2 mg/kg)on Day 8.Silymarin(50 mg/kg)was used as reference standard.After 24 h of toxicity induction blood samples were collected from retro-orbital plexsus and analyzed for serum parameters like serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase,serum glutamic oxaloacetate transaminse,alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin.Livers isolated were studied for histopathological changes.Results:Phytochemical analysis of methanolic extract of E.monogynum leaves showed the presence of carbohydrates,flavonoids,phenols and saponins.Prior administration of this extract restored the elevated levels serum markers as compared to toxic group which is also confirmed by the histopathological changes observed.Conclusions:The present study showed that methanolic extract of leaves of E.monogynum possess hepatoprotective action against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity.

关键词： Erythroxylum monogynum Hepatoprotection Paracetamol Silymarin

Causes of anemia in pregnant women of the state of azad kashmir: A cross-sectional survey

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Health 2013年第1期5卷 35-44页

作者： Atif Abbasi Sheeba Arooj Wafa hussain Asif Iqbal Mughal Nazneen Habib Wajid Aziz Muhammad Rafique Department of CS & IT University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir City Campus Muzaffarabad Pakistan Department of Physics University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir Azad Kashmir Pakistan Department of Sociology and Rural Development University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir City Campus Muzaffarabad Pakistan Department of Statistics University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir Muzaffarbad Pakistan

Background: Epidemic of anemia is considered to be a significant threat to pregnant women or women in child bearing age. Anemia is one of the major nutritional health disorders affecting significant proportion of population not only in developing countries but also in developed countries. This threat is more alarming in developing countries where poverty, illiteracy may contribute to high risk for causes of anemia. Objective: The purpose of the current study was to investigate the main causes of anemia in pregnant women in the State of azad Kashmir, Muzaffarabad and to investigate the relationship between education and anemia. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted over a sample of 433 pregnant women. The Chi- square test has been used to assess the statistical significance of different risk factors with Hb% (Heamoglobin) of the respondent. The multiple logistic regression model was used to get the most significant risk factors of anemia. Results: The study shows that the most dominant risk factors of the anemia were age at the time of marriage at different age categories that are 16 - 20 (OR = 3.945) (OR Odds ratios) with 95% C-I (confidence interval) (0.294 to 52.985), 21 - 25 (OR = 2.316) with 95% C-I (0.192 to 27.932) and 26 - 30 (OR = 4.179) with 95% C-I (0.347 to 50.320). Education at different education levels that is illiterate (OR = 1.191) with 95% C-I (0.005 to 87.279) and primary (OR = 1.179) with 95% C-I (0.009 to 156.200). Hb% at different levels 3 - 4 g/dl (OR = 1.220) with 95% C-I (0.299 to 4.984), 5 - 6 g/dl (OR = 2.221) with 95% C-I (0.679 to7.263) and 7 - 10 g/dl (OR = 1.384) with 95% C-I (0.408 to 4.689). Monthly

关键词： Odd Ratio Logistic Regression Anemia Chi-Square Pregnant Women

Virological course of hepatitis A virus as determined by real time RT-PCR: Correlation with biochemical, immunological and genotypic profiles

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第29期12卷 4683-4688页

作者： Zahid hussain Bhudev C Das Syed A Husain Sunil K Polipalli Tanzeel Ahmed Nargis Begum Subhash Medhi Alice Verghese Mohammad Raish Apiradee Theamboonlers Yong Poovorawan Premashis Kar PCR Hepatitis Laboratory Department of Medicine Maulana Azad Medical CollegeNew Delhi 110002India Human Genetics LaboratoryDepartment of BiosciencesJamia Millia IslamiaNew Delhi 110025India Division of Molecular Oncology Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology (ICMR)NoidaSector 39Uttar PradeshIndia Human Genetics Laboratory Department of Biosciences Jamia Millia IslamiaNew Delhi 110025India PCR Hepatitis Laboratory Department of Medicine Maulana Azad Medical CollegeNew Delhi 110002India Advance Center for AIDS National Institute of Communicable Diseases New Delhi 110041India Viral Hepatitis Research Unit Department of Pediatric Faculty of MedicineChulalolongkorn University and HospitalRama Ⅳ RoadBangkok 10330Thailand PCR Hepatitis Laboratory Department of Medicine Maulana Azad Medical College New Delhi 110002India

瞄准：承担肝炎 A 的分析，并且相关病毒的负担，丙氨酸 aminotransferase (中高音) ，和有病毒血的持续时间的病毒的遗传型有控制调停房间的免疫的 CD4 (+)/ CD8 (+) 淋巴细胞人口的这些参数。方法：房间计数用用荧光在乙二胺四乙酸小... 详细信息

瞄准：承担肝炎 A 的分析，并且相关病毒的负担，丙氨酸 aminotransferase (中高音) ，和有病毒血的持续时间的病毒的遗传型有控制调停房间的免疫的 CD4 (+)/ CD8 (+) 淋巴细胞人口的这些参数。方法：房间计数用用荧光在乙二胺四乙酸小瓶收集的新鲜全血被执行激活的房间 sorter。肝炎 A 病毒(HAV ) RNA 从血浆液被提取，抄录进 cDNA 并且由实时聚合酶链反应确定了并且是 genotyped 的颠倒。结果：在 11 个病人之中， 10 能完全被分析。这些， 3 有严重尖锐肝炎(s -- 啊) 并且剩余物有自我限制尖锐肝炎 A (啊哈) ，在第 4 d 上与有暴发性的疾病(脑病等级 IV ) 的一个病人一起死。中高音水平在啊哈两个都是显著地更高的(1070.9 +/- 894.3；P = 0.0014 ) 并且 s -- 啊(1713.9 +/- 886.3；P = 0.001 ) 与正常控制相比(23.6 +/- 7.2 ) 。在 s 的前凝血酶时间 -- 啊病人(21.0 +/- 2.0；P = 0.02 ) 比在啊哈显著地高(14.3 +/- 1.1；P = 0.44 ) 。在啊哈病人的 CD4 (+)/CD8 (+) 比率(1.17 +/- 0.11；P = 0.22 ) 并且 s -- 啊(0.83 +/- 0.12；P = 0.0002 ) 比在正常健康控制(1.52 ) 看低。有的自我限制盒子达到顶点在分析的开始的病毒的负担当时在 s -- 啊病人这发生在第 15 或第 30 d。在敏锐、严格的组，一耐心的各个属于遗传型 IA，与仍然是 8 个盒子属于遗传型 IIIA。唯一的暴发性的肝的失败大小写属于遗传型 IA。在自我限制感染的全部功课期间收集的 HAV 病毒的负担和中高音价值直接为 s 被相关，但是这不是事实 -- 啊病人。结论：基于小规模的研究， s 的固执地更高的病毒的负担 -- 啊可能由于减少的细胞免疫和溶血。病毒血的持续时间依赖于主人，当病毒的遗传型没在 AVH 和 s 的临床的结果有明显的角色 -- 啊盒子。

关键词：病毒学甲型病毒肝炎生物化学免疫机制

Potential Antioxidant Activities Improve Salt Tolerance in Ten Varieties of Wheat (Triticum aestivumL.)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第6期4卷 69-76页

作者： Aurangzeb Rao Syed Dilnawaz Ahmad Syed Mubashar Sabir Shahid Iqbal Awan Asad hussain Shah Syed Rizwan Abbas Saima Shafique Fareed Khan Atia Chaudhary Department of Chemistry University of the Poonch Rawalakot Pakistan. Department of Plant Breeding and Molecular Genetics Faculty of Agriculture University of the Poonch Rawalakot Pakistan Department of Plant Breeding and Molecular Genetics Faculty of Agriculture University of the Poonch Rawalakot Pakistan University of azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad Pakistan

The activity of antioxidative enzymes system is affected by salt stress, chlorophyll content (CHL), leaf relative water content (RWC), Na+ and K+ contents, their ratio and some oxidative stress indices were studied in leaves of ten bread wheat cultivarsSehar-06, Lu-26, NARC-09, BARC-09 and Pirsbak-09’(salt-tolerant) and Kaghan-94, Rohtas-90, Soughat-90, Shaheen-94 and Zardana-89’(salt-sensitive), grown under salinity treatments carried out in five levels (1 dS·m-1 as control, 2, 4, 8, 16 dS·m-1) via sodium chloride. Under high salt potency significant increase for activities of antioxidant enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guiacol peroxidase (GPX), occured in salt tolerant varieties. Meanwhile, under salinity condition the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and (GPX) in sensitive cultivar were lower than control. Regarding (APX) activity there was no significant difference between salinity and control situation. Under salt stress membrane stability index (MSI) of both cultivars were negatively influenced. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content of salinity sensitive cultivars was higher than control. Salt tolerant varieties had more amounts of K+ content, K+ and Na+ ratio, relative water content, yield and chlorophyll under salt conditions, and sensitive ones recorded higher Na+ content at tillering stage. The mechanism of salt stress might be achieved due to low lipid peroxidation, assumingly lower changes in membrane stability index and evasion of Na+ combination and amplified activity of antioxidant enzymes.

关键词： Antioxidant Enzymes Chlorophyll Content+/Na+ Ratio Relative Water Content Salinity Wheat

Current Status of Withania somnifera(L.) Dunal: An Endangered Medicinal Plant from Himalaya

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第5期8卷 1159-1169页

作者： Sumaira Aslam Naveed Iqbal Raja Mubashir hussain Muhammad Iqbal Muhammad Ejaz Danish Ashfaq Hira Fatima Muhammad Ali Shah Abd-Ur-Rehman Maria Ehsan Department of Botany PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Pakistan Department of Botany University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan Department of Biological Sciences University of Lahore Sargodha Pakistan Department of Biotechnology University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir Muzaffarabad Pakistan

Withania somnifera is highly medicinal plant species of Pakistan floristically placed in the Western Himalayan Province, Himalaya Range of azad Jammu and Kashmir and in the Soon valley (Salt Range) of Punjab Pakistan. It grows in high altitude of 5500 feet in the Himalayas. Its English name is Winter Cherry and its Urdu name is Asghand/Kutilal. It is the low lying shrub of about 1.50 m in height with erect branching. It grows in dry arid regions of Pakistan, India, China and Bangladesh. Its flowers are bisexual, small, axillary, greenish, solitary and few-flowered cymes. Chemical analysis of Ashwagandha showed that it has alkaloids and steroidal lactones (withanolides) as the main chemical constituent. W. somnifera has not yet been assessed for the IUCN Red List. However, in Pakistan, W. somnifera is falling under criteria A of endangered category. Asghand (W. somnifera) acquires much therapeutic potential which include sedative, narcotic, thyroid stimulation, anti-inflammatory, hypnotic, anti-stress, general tonic, diuretic, antimicrobial, and antitumor activities. There are number of threats responsible for the decrease of W. somnifera number in western Himalayan range and salt range of Punjab Pakistan which may include deforestation over exploitation and climatic changes. Conservation strategies need to be adopted for improving the population pool of W. somnifera. There is also the dire need to conserve this important medicinal plant species with some standard biotechnological approaches and conservation strategies in future.

关键词： Withania somnifera Endangered Antimicrobial Antitumor Conservation