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The Making of a Health Profession:How Chinese Medicine b.came a Nationally Registered Allied Health Profession in Australia

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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2024年第1期7卷 51-62页

作者： John L McDonald Judy b.james School of Chinese Medicine Endeavour College of Natural HealthSouthport 4215Australia Acupuncture Now Australia Brisbane 4120Australia

In 2012, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) practitioners in Australia b.came nationally-registered allied health professionals in three categories: acupuncturist, Chinese herb.l medicine practitioner, and Chinese herb.l medicine dispenser. Australia was the first Western country to introduce national registration for Chinese medicine, followed b. Portugal and, recently, New Zealand. The practice of TCM in Australia can b. traced b.ck to the b.ginning of Chinese immigration to Australia during the Victorian Gold Rush which b.gan in the 1850s. The process which led to national registration commenced in the early 1970s with the estab.ishment of the first acupuncture courses. Decades of gradual development of courses from unaccredited part-time diplomas to accredited b.chelor degrees, and the development, b. the profession, of national consensus on educational standards were essential elements in the process which led to registration. Professional associations, such as the Australian Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine Association Ltd.(AACMA), also developed a framework of professional selfregulation, including Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, ongoing professional development requirements and Infection Control Guidelines, and provided leadership in the development of the profession. After decades of trib.lism and division within the TCM profession, the National Academic Standards Committee b.ought almost all stakeholders together to reach a consensus on the Australian Guidelines for Traditional Chinese Medicine Education which were pub.ished b. AACMA in 2001. Professional associations also collab.rated on joint sub.issions to the government in support of registration, which was introduced first in the state of Victoria in 2000, and sub.equently b.came national in 2012. Despite national registration, some b.rriers still remain, and professional associations continue to lob.y the federal government for inclusion in Medicare, chronic disease management scheme, and Veterans

关键词： Acupuncture Chinese medicine Registration Regulation Education Standards Australia TCM

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What diameter?What height?Influence of measures of average tree size on area-b.sed allometric volume relationships

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 100-109页

作者： Yilin Wang John A.Kershaw Mark J.Ducey Yuan Sun james b.McCarter Integrated Forest Mensuration and Systems Analysis Lab.ratory Faculty of Forestry and Environmental ManagementUniversity of New BrunswickFrederictonNBCanada Department of Natural Resources and the Environment University of New HampshireDurhamNHUSA College of Forestry Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China Scientific Programmer RayonierYuleeFLUSA

Volume is an important attrib.te used in many forest management *** from 83 fixed-area plots located in central New b.unswick,Canada,are used to examine how different measures of stand-level diameter and height influence volume prediction using a stand-level variant of Honer's(1967)volume *** density was included in the models(Volume=f(Diameter,Height,Density))choice of diameter measure was more important than choice of height *** density was not included(Volume=f(Diameter,Height)),the opposite was *** models with density included,moment-b.sed estimators of stand diameter and height performed b.tter than all other *** models without density,largest tree estimators of stand diameter and height performed b.tter than other *** overall b.st equation used quadratic mean diameter,Lorey's height,and density(root mean square error=5.26 m^3·ha^(-1);1.9%relative error).The b.st equation without density used mean diameter of the largest trees needed to calculate a stand density index of 400 and the mean height of the tallest 400 trees per ha(root mean square error=32.08 m^(3)·ha^(-1);11.8%relative error).The results of this study have some important implications for height sub.ampling and LiDAR-derived forest inventory analyses.

关键词： Allometric relationships Stand structure Volume estimation Stand-level attrib.tes

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The Effectiveness of Infection Control Practices among Health Care Workers Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Nigeria

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2021年第2期11卷 232-239页

作者： Fehintola A. Ige Aigb. G. Ohihoin b.sede O. Amuda Olufemi S. Amoo Chika K. Onwuamah Azuka P. Okwuraiwe Joseph O. Shaib. Eb.nezer O. Odewale ayorinde b. james Adeleke Kayode Adefunke Adeshina Rosemary A. Audu Centre for Human Virology and Genomics Department of Microbiology Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Clinical Science Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Centre for Tub.rculosis Research Department of Microbiology Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria b.ochemistry Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Department of Community Health & Primary Health Care Lagos State University Teaching Hospital Lagos Nigeria Lagos State Ministry of Health Ikeja Lagos Nigeria

b.ckground: The world is currently experiencing a healthcare crisis caused b. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at the forefront of controlling the spread of the disease;this response has resulted in a huge numb.r of infections amongst HCWs and unfortunately some casualties. Infection prevention and control practices (IPC) are practical, proven methods that prevent avoidab.e harm to patients and protect health workers from contagious infection. This study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of IPC practices utilized in COVID-19 testing drive through facility in Lagos Nigeria. Method: The facility recruited 42 HCWs who were trained on IPC and use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs). Training on donning and doffing of PPEs, preparation of decontaminants and sample handling were done for relevant personnel. A daily log for monitoring COVID-19 symptoms was deployed to all HCWs;to help early detection of COVID-19 infection and prevent transmission amongst staff. Results: Of 42 personnel, 92.8% had a tertiary level of education while 71.4% had at least 5 years work experience. A total of 5 (11.9%) out of 42 HCWs were positive b. week six of the study. All infected persons worked at the drive through centre. Most common symptom filled in the daily log tool was headache and fatigue. Conclusion: Despite all the measures introduced, 11.9% of HCWs b.came positive within 6 weeks, showing the highly infectious nature of the virus and the need to research into more effective measures in preventing the transmission of highly infectious pathogens to HCWs during outb.eaks.

关键词： Healthcare Workers Infection Prevention and Control COVID-19 Pandemic

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Colorful facial markings are associated with foraging rates and affiliative relationships in a wild group-living cichlid fish

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 70-78页

作者： b.ett M.Culb.rt james b.b.rnett Isaac Y.Ligocki Matthew G.Salena Marian Y.L.Wong Ian M.Hamilton Sigal b.lshine Department of Integrative b.ology University of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada Department of Psychology Neuroscience&BehaviourMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Department of Evolution Ecologyand Organismal BiologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of b.ology Millersville UniversityMillersvillePAUSA School of Earth Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia Department of Mathematics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA

Many animals use color to signal their quality and/or b.havioral *** signals have b.en well studied in the contexts of competi-tion and mate choice;however,the role of these signals in nonsexual,affiliative relationships is not as well ***,we used wild social groups of the cichlid fish Neolamprologus pulcher to investigate whether the size of a b.ightly colored facial patch was related to 1)individual quality,2)social dominance,and/or 3)affiliative *** with larger patches spent more time foraging and tended to perform more aggressive acts against conspecific territory *** did not find any evidence that the size of these yellow patches was related to social rank or b.dy size,b.t dominant males tended to have larger patches than dominant ***,patch size had a rank-specific relationship with the numb.r of affiliative interactions that individuals engaged *** males with large patches received fewer affiliative acts from their groupmates compared to dominant males with small ***,sub.rdinates with large patches tended to receive more affiliative acts from their groupmates while performing fewer affiliative acts *** together,our results suggest that patch size reflects interindividual variation in foraging effort in this cichlid fish and offer some of the first evidence that colorful signals may shape affiliative relationships withinwildsocialgroups.

关键词： affiliation foraging Lake Tanganyika Neolamprologus pulcher visual signals

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Decision-Making and Management of Self-Care in Persons with Traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries: A Preliminary Study

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Journal of b.havioral and b.ain Science 2024年第2期14卷 47-63页

作者： Paul E. Plonski Jasmin Vassileva Ryan Shahidi Paul b. Perrin William Carter Lance L. Goetz Amb.r b.ochetti james M. b.ork Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Richmond Veterans Affairs Medical Center Richmond VA USA Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Department of Psychology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Department of Physical Medicine and Rehab.litation Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Department of Spinal Cord Injury Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center Cleveland OH USA Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA

Patients and physicians understand the importance of self-care following spinal cord injury (SCI), yet many individuals with SCI do not adhere to recommended self-care activities despite logistical supports. Neurob.havioral determinants of SCI self-care b.havior, such as impulsivity, are not widely studied, yet understanding them could inform efforts to improve SCI self-care. We explored associations b.tween impulsivity and self-care in an ob.ervational study of 35 US adults age 18 - 50 who had traumatic SCI with paraplegia at least six months b.fore assessment. The primary outcome measure was self-reported self-care. In LASSO regression models that included all neurob.havioral measures and demographics as predictors of self-care, dispositional measures of greater impulsivity (negative urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance), and reduced mindfulness were associated with reduced self-care. Outcome (magnitude) sensitivity, a latent decision-making parameter derived from computationally modeling successive choices in a gamb.ing task, was also associated with self-care b.havior. These results are preliminary;more research is needed to demonstrate the utility of these findings in clinical settings. Information ab.ut associations b.tween impulsivity and poor self-care in people with SCI could guide the development of interventions to improve SCI self-care and help patients with elevated risks related to self-care and secondary health conditions.

关键词： Spinal Cord Injury Self-Care Decision-Making Paraplegia Impulsive b.havior Health Care

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Further Studies of the Cap Pushing Response in Honey b.es (Apis mellifera)

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Natural Science 2024年第5期16卷 45-64页

作者： Riley J. Wincheski Kiri Li N. Stauch Laura M. Grossner Maya b. Zepeda james W. Grice Charles I. Ab.amson Department of Psychology Oklahoma State University Stillwater USA Lab.ratory of Comparative Psychology and b.havioral b.ology Oklahoma State University Stillwater USA Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences California State University Fresno USA

The Cap Pushing Response (CPR) is a free-flying technique used to study learning and memory in honey b.es (Apis mellifera). The series of experiments outlined in this paper aimed to test whether honey b.es exhib.t the cognitive concept of “expectancy” utilizing the CPR in a weight differentiation paradigm. Five previous experiments in our lab.ratory have explored whether the concept of expectancy can account for honey b.e performance and have all failed to support the cognitive interpretation. The first experiment examined if b.es could differentiate b.tween the two caps in the amount of force they used to push the cap and the distance the cap was pushed when the caps were presented one at a time. The second experiment explored cap weight preference b. presenting b.es with a choice b.tween the two caps. The third and fourth experiments tested the b.e’s ab.lity to expect reward or punishment b.sed on cap weight. Results revealed that b.es were found to have a strong preference for the light cap and therefore were not ab.e to expect reward or punishment b.sed on cap weight. These experiments contrib.te to the deb.te on whether b.es have “cognitive” representations and continue to support the b.haviorist interpretation.

关键词： Apis mellifera Cap Pushing Response Cognition Learning

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Zircon Zr isotope fractionation during crustal anatexis

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第8期67卷 2495-2506页

作者： Erlin ZHU Qiongxia XIA Zhaoya LI Renxu CHEN james VAN ORMAN School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China State Key Lab.ratory of Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution Hefei 230026China Frontiers Science Center for Planetary Exploration and Emerging Technologies University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Earth Environmental and Planetary SciencesCase Western Reserve UniversityCleveland OH 44106USA

Zirconium is one of high field strength elements b.t its isotope b.havior during geochemical processes is still uncertain b.cause of the limited *** Zr isotopes in magmatic rocks are often used to trace the evolution of magmas through fractional crystallization,it is intriguing how highly heterogeneous Zr isotopes were produced b. the growth of zircon during crustal *** address this issue b. in-situ zircon Zr isotope analyses of migmatites from two high-temperature metamorphic terranes in the South Lhasa zone and the North Dab.e zone,respectively,in *** results show highly variab.e δ^(94)Zr values from-0.30‰ to +0.81‰ and from-0.58‰ to +0.49‰,*** addition to the relict zircon of magmatic origin,two types of newly-grown zircons were identified in terms of their occurrences,trace elements and δ^(94)Zr *** peritectic zircon,mainly occurring in the in-situ leucosomes,exhib.ts the highest Nb.Ta-Hf-U contents and variab.y higher δ^(94)Zr values than those of the relict *** anatectic zircon,mainly occurring in the leucocratic veins,shows higher Nb.Ta-Hf-U contents than and similar δ^(94)Zr values to those of the relict *** calculations demonstrate that the variab.e Zr isotope compositions of newly-grown zircons would result from decoupled release of Zr from zircon and non-zircon *** Zr supply of the peritectic zircon is mainly derived from the decomposition of Zr-b.aring minerals in the in-situ anatectic melt(the non-zircon effect),whereas the Zr supply of the anatectic zircon is mainly from the dissolution of pre-existing zircons in the evolved melt(the zircon effect).The significant Zr isotope variations in the migmatites well illustrate the generation,migration and accumulation of the anatectic melts during the partial ***,Zr isotopes can b. used as a powerful means for distinguishing b.tween the peritectic and anatectic zircons during crustal anatexis.

关键词： Zr isotopes Zircon effect Non-zircon effect Migmatite Crustal anatexis

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b.osting Adversarial Training with Learnab.e Distrib.tion

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 3247-3265页

作者： Kai Chen Jinwei Wang james Msughter Adeke Guangjie Liu Yuewei Dai School of Electronics and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China Key Lab.ratory of Intelligent Support Technology for Complex Environments Ministry of EducationNanjing210044China School of Computer and Software Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China Nanjing Center for Applied Mathematics Nanjing211135China

In recent years,various adversarial defense methods have b.en proposed to improve the rob.stness of deep neural *** training is one of the most potent methods to defend against adversarial ***,the difference in the feature space b.tween natural and adversarial examples hinders the accuracy and rob.stness of the model in adversarial *** paper proposes a learnab.e distrib.tion adversarial training method,aiming to construct the same distrib.tion for training data utilizing the Gaussian mixture *** distrib.tion centroid is b.ilt to classify samples and constrain the distrib.tion of the sample *** natural and adversarial examples are pushed to the same distrib.tion centroid to improve the accuracy and rob.stness of the *** proposed method generates adversarial examples to close the distrib.tion gap b.tween the natural and adversarial examples through an attack algorithm explicitly designed for adversarial *** algorithm gradually increases the accuracy and rob.stness of the model b. scaling ***,the proposed method outputs the predicted lab.ls and the distance b.tween the sample and the distrib.tion *** distrib.tion characteristics of the samples can b. utilized to detect adversarial cases that can potentially evade the model *** effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through comprehensive experiments.

关键词： Adversarial training feature space learnab.e distrib.tion distrib.tion centroid

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Routine utilization of machine perfusion in liver transplantation:Ready for prime time?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第11期30卷 1488-1493页

作者： Alessandro Parente Keyue Sun Philipp Dutkowski AM james Shapiro Andrea Schlegel Department of Surgery Division of TransplantationUniversity of Alberta HospitalEdmonton T6G 2B7Canada Immunity and Inflammation Lerner Research InstituteClevelandOH 44195United States Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-b.liary Center Department of Visceral and Transplantation SurgeryUniversity Hospital ZurichZurich 8091Switzerland Immunity and Inflammation Digestive Disease and Surgery InstituteClevelandOH 44195United States

The last decade has b.en notab.e for increasing high-quality research and dramatic improvement in outcomes with dynamic liver *** evidence from numerous randomized controlled trials has b.en pooled b. meta-analyses,providing the highest availab.e evidence on the protective effect of machine perfusion(MP)over static cold storage in liver transplantation(LT).b.sed on a protective effect with less complications and improved graft survival,the field has seen a paradigm shift in organ *** editorial focuses on the role of MP in LT and how it could b.come the new“gold standard”.Strong collab.rative efforts are needed to explore its effects on long-term outcomes.

关键词： Liver transplantation Machine perfusion Viab.lity assessment Hypothermic oxygenated perfusion Normothermic machine perfusion

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A lunar time scale from the perspective of the Moon’s dynamic evolution

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第1期67卷 234-251页

作者： Dijun GUO Jianzhong LIU james WHEAD Fuqin ZHANG Zongcheng LING Shengb. CHEN Jianping CHEN Xiaozhong DING Jinzhu JI Ziyuan OUYANG State Key Lab.ratory of Space Weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Center for Lunar and Planetary Sciences Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081China Department of Earth Environmental and Planetary SciencesBrown UniversityProvidence RI 02912USA Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Shandong Provincial Key Lab.ratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment Institute of Space SciencesShandong UniversityWeihai 264209China College of Geoexploration Science and Technology Jilin UniversityChangchun 130026China School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Inner Mongolia University of TechnologyHohhot 010051China Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230026China

A geologic time scale is a chronological system that separates the geological strata of a planetary b.dy into different units in temporal sequence and shows its progressive *** time scale of the Moon was estab.ished a half-century ago during the telescopic-early Apollo exploration era,using data with limited spatial coverage and *** past decades have seen a wide array of studies,which have significantly extended our understanding of glob.l lunar geologic *** on a comprehensive review of lunar evolution with respect to the dynamical changes,we propose two major updates to the current lunar time scale paradigm to include the evolution of b.th endogenic and exogenic dynamic forces now known to have influenced early lunar ***,b.sed on the temporal interplay of exogenic and endogenic processes in altering the Moon,we defined three Eon/Eonothem-level units to represent three dynamical evolutionary ***,the pre-Nectarian System is redefined and divided as the magma ocean-era Magma-oceanian System and the following Aitkenian System b.ginning with the South Pole-Aitken *** ejecta of this b.sin,Das Formation,was deposited on the primordial lunar crust as the oldest stratum produced from exogenic *** updated lunar time scale,facilitated b. the post-Apollo exploration and research advances,provides an integrated framework to depict the evolution of the Moon and has important implications for the geologic study of other terrestrial planets.

关键词： The Moon Geologic time scale Evolution history Endogenic process Exogenic process

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