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Neurogenic bowel dysfunction in patients with spinal cord injury, myelomeningocele, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第46期17卷 5035-5048页

作者： Richard A awad Experimental Medicine and Motility Unit Gastroenterology Service U-107Mexico City General Hospital

Exciting new features have been described concerning neurogenic bowel dysfunction,including interactions between the central nervous system,the enteric nervous system,axonal injury,neuronal loss,neurotransmission of noxious and non-noxious stimuli,and the fields of gastroenterology and *** with spinal cord injury,myelomeningocele,multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease present with serious upper and lower bowel dysfunctions characterized by constipation,incontinence,gastrointestinal motor dysfunction and altered visceral *** cord injury is associated with severe autonomic dysfunction,and bowel dysfunction is a major physical and psychological burden for these *** adult myelomeningocele patient commonly has multiple problems reflecting the multisystemic nature of the *** sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disorder in which axonal injury,neuronal loss,and atrophy of the central nervous system can lead to permanent neurological damage and clinical ***'s disease is a multisystem disorder involving dopaminergic,noradrenergic,serotoninergic and cholinergic systems,characterizedby motor and non-motor ***'s disease affects several neuronal structures outside the substantia nigra,among which is the enteric nervous *** reports have shown that the lesions in the enteric nervous system occur in very early stages of the disease,even before the involvement of the central nervous *** has led to the postulation that the enteric nervous system could be critical in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease,as it could represent the point of entry for a putative environmental factor to initiate the pathological *** review covers the data related to the etiology,epidemiology,clinical expression,pathophysiology,genetic aspects,gastrointestinal motor dysfunction,visceral sensitivity,management,prevention and prognosis of neurogenic bowel dysfunction patients with these neurolog

关键词： Neurogenic bowel dysfunction Spinal cordinjury Myelomeningocele Multiple sclerosis Parkin-son's disease Central nervous system Enteric nervoussystem

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Rectal tone and compliance affected in patients with fecal incontinence after fistulotomy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第13期21卷 4000-4005页

作者： Richard Alexander awad Santiago Camacho Francisco Flores Evelyn Altamirano Mario Antonio García Experimental Medicine and Motility Unit Gastroenterology Service U-107Mexico City General HospitalMexico DF06726Mexico

AIM: To investigate the anal sphincter and rectal factors that may be involved in fecal incontinence that develops following fistulotomy(FIAF).METHODS: Eleven patients with FIAF were compared with 11 patients with idiopathic fecal incontinence and with 11 asymptomatic healthy subjects(HS). All of the study participants underwent anorectal manometry and a barostat study(rectal sensitivity, tone, compliance and capacity). The mean time since surgery was 28 ± 26 mo. The postoperative continence score was 14 ± 2.5(95%CI: 12.4-15.5, St Mark's fecal incontinence grading system).RESULTS: Compared with the HS, the FIAF patients showed increased rectal tone(42.63 ± 27.69 vs 103.5 ± 51.13, P = 0.002) and less rectal compliance(4.95 ± 3.43 vs 11.77 ± 6.9, P = 0.009). No significant differences were found between the FIAF patients and the HS with respect to the rectal capacity; thresholds for the non-noxious stimuli of first sensation, gas sensation and urge-to-defecate sensation or the noxious stimulus of pain; anal resting pressure or squeeze pressure; or the frequency or percentage of relaxation of the rectoanal inhibitory reflex. No significant differences were found between the FIAF patients and the patients with idiopathic fecal ***: In patients with FIAF, normal motor anal sphincter function and rectal sensitivity are preserved, but rectal tone and compliance are impaired. The results suggest that FIAF is not due to alterations in rectal sensitivity and that the rectum is more involved than the anal sphincters in the genesis of FIAF.

关键词： Fecal incontinence Anorectal surgery Fistulotomy V

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Developing Soft Skills in the Artificial Intelligence Era:Communication,Business Writing,and Composition Skills

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Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Technology 2024年第4期4卷 305-317页

作者： Mohammad awad AlAfnan Samira Dishari Siti Fatimah MohdZuki Liberal Arts Department American University of the Middle EastKuwait University Technology MARA Shah AlamMalaysia

This study explores the development of soft skills in the artificial intelligence(AI)***,the study,through an anonymous online survey,explored why students use AI and large language models(LLMs).It was found that students use AI for general and academic *** a general perspective,students use AI and LLMs for(1)convenience,(2)lack of time,and(3)lack of curiosity/*** an academic perspective,students use AI and LLM platforms as they(1)lack familiarity/knowledge,(2)lack basic skills,(3)lack confidence,(4)have an eagerness to score high grades,and(5)wish to provide different *** assist in developing students’soft skills and discourage possible destructive outcomes in the AI era,the study suggests integrating AI platforms as part of *** integration can be carried out by(1)introducing AI tools to students in a productive manner,(2)aligning the use of AI tools with the curriculum and teaching styles,(3)planning lessons and interactive activities using AI platforms,and(4)using AI tools to provide feedback and vice *** communication courses,instructors shall(1)create a supportive environment,(2)organize classroom discussions and debates,(3)create public speaking opportunities,(4)provide room for oral communication practices,(5)integrate the use of technology and multimedia,and(6)provide feedback and *** business writing courses,instructors shall(1)encourage effective communication in classrooms,(2)facilitate collaboration and teamwork,(3)use role-play scenarios,(4)introduce project management tools,(5)teach professional etiquette,and(6)organize networking *** composition courses,instructors shall(1)embrace technology,(2)teach students to critically evaluate online sources,(3)design assignments that require critical analysis,(4)encourage creative writing assignments,(5)promote imagination and originality,and(6)conduct *** practices,which are provided in line with AlAfnan’s taxonomy of education

关键词： artificial intelligence business writing composition communication soft skills teaching and learning

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Superconducting parameter determination for (Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4)x/Cu0.5Tl0.5-1223 composite

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2016年第3期5卷 210-218页

作者： M.ME.BARAKAT N.AL-SAYYED R.awad A.I.ABOU-ALY Physics Department Faculty of Science Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt Physics Department Faculty of Science Beirut Arab University Beirut Lebanon

The addition of magnetic Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles to the superconducting Cu0.5Tl0.5-1223 phase has been used to investigate the electrical resistivity behavior of the composite above the superconducting transition temperature Tc. This was studied according to the opening of spin gap and fluctuation conductivity. The results indicated that the pseudogap temperature (T*) and superconducting fluctuation temperature (Tscf) change by increasing the addition of Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles. It was found that T* is related to hole carrier concentration P and it also depends on the antiferromagnetic fluctuation affected by magnetic nanoparticles. The excess-conductivity analysis showed four different fluctuation regions started from high temperature up to Tc, and they were denoted by short wave (sw), two-dimensional (2D), three-dimensional (3D), and critical (cr) fluctuations. The crossover temperature between 3D and 2D (T3D-2D) in the mean field region was decreased by increasing the addition of Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles, in accordance with the decrease in Tscf with x. The coherence length at 0 K along c-axis ξc(0), effective layer thickness of the 2D system d, and inter-layer coupling strength J were estimated as a function of Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticle addition. Moreover, the thermodynamics, lower and upper critical magnetic fields, as well as critical current density have been calculated from the Ginzburg number NG. It was found that the low concentration of Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles up to x = 0.08 wt% improves the superconducting parameters of Cu0.5Tl0.5-1223 phase. On the contrary, these parameters were deteriorated f

关键词： Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles Cu0.5Tl0.5-1223 phase pseudogap temperature fluctuation conductivity

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Spatial epidemiology of diabetes: Methods and insights

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World Journal of Diabetes 2021年第7期12卷 1042-1056页

作者： Diego F Cuadros Jingjing Li Godfrey Musuka Susanne F awad Geography and Geographic Information Systems University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH 45221United States Urban Health Collaborative Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19104United States ICAP Columbia UniversityHarare 00000Zimbabwe Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group Weill Cornell Medicine–QatarCornell UniversityDoha 24144Qatar World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS Sexually Transmitted Infectionsand Viral HepatitisWeill Cornell Medicine–QatarCornell UniversityDoha 24144Qatar Department of Population Health Sciences Weill Cornell MedicineCornell UniversityNew YorkNY 10044United States

Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a growing epidemic with global *** is estimated that in 2019,463 million adults aged 20-79 years were living with *** latest evidence shows that DM continues to be a significant global health challenge and is likely to continue to grow substantially in the next decades,which would have major implications for healthcare expenditures,particularly in developing ***,new conceptual and methodological approaches to tackle the epidemic are long *** epidemiology has been a successful approach to control infectious disease epidemics like malaria and human immunodeficiency *** implementation of this approach has been expanded to include the study of non-communicable diseases like cancer and cardiovascular *** this review,we discussed the implementation and use of spatial epidemiology and Geographic Information Systems to the study of *** reviewed several spatial methods used to understand the spatial structure of the disease and identify the potential geographical drivers of the spatial distribution of ***,we discussed the use of spatial epidemiology on the design and implementation of geographically targeted prevention and treatment interventions against DM.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus Spatial epidemiology Risk factors Spatial statistics Disease mapping

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Thermomechanical Analysis of (Cu_(0.5)Tl_(0.5))-1223 Substituted by Pr and La

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2012年第2期28卷 169-176页

作者： A.I.Abou Aly R.awad I.H.Ibrahim M.Kamal M.Anas Physics Department Faculty of ScienceAlexandria University Physics Department Faculty of ScienceMansoura University

The thermomechanical analysis （TMA） of Cu0.5T10.5Ba2Ca2-xRxCu30110-δ, where R=Pr and La, with 0.0〈x〈0.15, was carried out in temperature range from 450 to 1145 K. The samples were prepared by singlestep solid state reaction technique. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The superconductivity of the prepared samples was investigated by electrical resistivity measurement. The results showed that low substitution content enhanced the （Cu0.5Tlo.5）- 1223 phase formation, while the higher substitution content degraded this phase. The higher superconducting transition temperatures Tc were found to be 114 K and 109 K at x= 0.025 for Pr- and La-substitutions, respectively. The average linear thermal expansion coefficient increased as x increased, while the shrinkage temperature decreased as x increased. Those results were emphasized by porosity and Vickers microhardness calculations. Debye temperature 0D was calculated from the linear thermal expansion coefficient data and correlated to Tc to estimate the electron-phonon coupling λep.

关键词： (Cu0.5Tl0.5)-1223 Thermomechanical analysis Thermal expansion coefficient Debye temperature

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ChatGPT as an Educational Tool: Opportunities, Challenges, and Recommendations for Communication, Business Writing, and Composition Courses

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Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Technology 2023年第2期3卷 60-68页

作者： Mohammad awad AlAfnan Samira Dishari Marina Jovic Koba Lomidze American University of the Middle East

This empirical study examines ChatGPT as an educational and learning *** investigates the opportunities and challenges that ChatGPT provides to the students and instructors of communication,business writing,and composition *** also strives to provide *** conducting 30 theory-based and application-based ChatGPT tests,it is found that ChatGPT has the potential of replacing search engines as it provides accurate and reliable input to *** opportunities,the study found that ChatGPT provides a platform for students to seek answers to theory-based questions and generate ideas for application-based *** also provides a platform for instructors to integrate technology in classrooms and conduct workshops to discuss and evaluate generated *** challenges,the study found that ChatGPT,if unethically used by students,may lead to human unintelligence and *** may also present a challenge to instructors as the use of ChatGPT negatively affects their ability to differentiate between meticulous and automation-dependent students,on the one hand,and measure the achievement of learning outcomes,on the other *** on the outcome of the analysis,this study recommends communication,business writing,and composition instructors to(1)refrain from making theory-based questions as take-home assessments,(2)provide communication and business writing students with detailed case-based and scenario-based assessment tasks that call for personalized answers utilizing critical,creative,and imaginative thinking incorporating lectures and textbook material,(3)enforce submitting all take-home assessments on plagiarism detection software,especially for composition courses,and(4)integrate ChatGPT generated responses in classes as examples to be discussed in ***,this study found that ChatGPT skillfully paraphrases regenerated responses in a way that is not detected by similarity detection *** maintain their effect

关键词： artificial intelligence business writing courses ChatGPT composition courses communication courses Turnitin

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A Comprehensive Review on Charging Topologies and Power Electronic Converter Solutions for Electric Vehicles

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第3期12卷 675-694页

作者： Abdelfatah Ali Hossam H.H.Mousa Mostafa F.Shaaban Maher A.Azzouz Ahmed S.A.awad the Department of Electrical Engineering American University of Sharjah26666 SharjahUnited Arab Emirates the Department of Electrical Engineering South Valley University83523 QenaEgypt the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of WindsorWindsorON N9B 3P4 Canada Electrical Engineering Department Qatar UniversityDoha 2713Qatar Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat123Oman

Electric vehicles(EVs)are becoming more popular worldwide due to environmental concerns,fuel security,and price *** performance of EVs relies on the energy stored in their batteries,which can be charged using either AC(slow)or DC(fast)***,EVs can also be used as mobile power storage devices using vehicle-to-grid(V2G)*** electronic converters(PECs)have a constructive role in EV applications,both in charging EVs and in ***,this paper comprehensively investigates the state of the art of EV charging topologies and PEC solutions for EV *** examines PECs from the point of view of their classifications,configurations,control approaches,and future research prospects and their impacts on power *** can be classified into various topologies:DC-DC converters,AC-DC converters,DC-AC converters,and AC-AC *** address the limitations of traditional DC-DC converters such as switching losses,size,and high-electromagnetic interference(EMI),resonant converters and multiport converters are being used in high-voltage EV ***,power-train converters have been modified for high-efficiency and reliability in EV *** paper offers an overview of charging topologies,PECs,challenges with solutions,and future trends in the field of the EV charging station applications.

关键词： Charging station charging topology electric vehicle power electronic converter vehicle-to-grid

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Analysis of the Drought Impact as an Extreme Climatic Event in Sudan

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第6期12卷 38-47页

作者： awad Hussien School of Atmospheric Science Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing China

This study aimed to investigate drought as an extreme climatic event in Sudan by utilizing the Anomaly and Standard Precipitation Index (SPI). This research employed high-resolution Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS) data to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall in Sudan from 2001 to 2015. Notably, the analysis compared the annual average precipitation to specific drought events and calculated the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). The results indicate a striking frequency of drought occurrence in Sudan, with SPI values suggesting similarities between drought and wet years. It is recommended to compute the SPI for individual stations rather than rely solely on area averages. Despite the comparable SPI values between the drought and wet years, this study emphasizes the profound impact of drought as a recurring phenomenon in Sudan. These findings emphasize the urgent need for proactive drought management and mitigation strategies in Sudan to effectively address the consequences of this climatic challenge.

关键词： CHIRPS SPI Anomaly Rainfall Aridity

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Single nucleotide polymorphism within chromosome 8q24 is associated with prostate cancer development in Saudi Arabia

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第1期11卷 26-32页

作者： awad Elsid Osman Sahar Alharbi Atif Ali Ahmed Asim Ali Elbagir Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Management Department(PCLM) King Fahad Medical CityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Missouri at Children's Mercy HospitalKansas CityMOUSA

Objective: Genome-wide association studies have demonstrated that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are important risk factors for the development of prostate cancer (PCa). Preliminary studies have suggested that the incidence of PCa in Saudi males is low but is probably familial or genetically ***: To identify any possible association of SNP with PCa development in Saudi patients, we investigated a group of SNPs in Saudi PCa patients (n=85) and compared the outcomes to healthy normal controls (n=115) and nodular hyperplasia patients (n=120). DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded formalin fixed tissue or whole blood from both patients’ groups and healthy control group. A total of thirteen SNPs were genotyped using TaqMan® minor groove binder polymerase chain reaction ***: The rs16901979A, s629242T and rs1447295A alleles were found at significantly higher frequency in PCa patients than controls (p< 0.05). The rs16901979 CA genotype was found at significantly greater frequency in PCa patients than in healthy controls (43% vs. 14%, odds ratio=4.6, p=0.0001) and benign hyperplasia group (43% vs. 25%, odds ratio=2.2, p=0.009).Conclusion: Our study has highlighted the association of rs16901979 SNP with PCa in Saudi males. Such findings have important implications in the PCa diagnosis and in screening unaffected family members of Saudi patients.

关键词： Prostatecancer Saudi Singlenucleotide polymorphism Allele

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