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System-level Pareto frontiers for on-chip thermoelectric coolers

Frontiers in Energy 2018年第1期12卷 109-120页

作者： Sevket U. YURUKER Michael C. FISH Zhi YANG Nicholas BALDASARO Philip barLETTA avram bar-cohen Bao YANG Department of Mechanical Engineering University of MarylandCollege Park MD 20742 USA Research Triangle Institute Research Triangle Park NC 27709 USA Micross Components Research Triangle Park NC 27709 USA

The continuous rise in heat dissipation of integrated circuits necessitates advanced thermal solutions to ensure system reliability and efficiency. Thermoelectric coolers are among the most promising techniques for dealing with localized on-chip hot spots. This study focuses on establishing a holistic optimization methodol- ogy for such thermoelectric coolers, in which a thermo- electric element＇s thickness and the electrical current are optimized to minimize source temperature with respect to ambient, when the thermal and electrical parasitic effects are considered. It is found that when element thickness and electrical current are optimized for a given system architecture, a ＂heat flux vs. temperature difference＂ Pareto frontier curve is obtained, indicating that there is an optimum thickness and a corresponding optimum current that maximize the achievable temperature reduc- tion while removing a particular heat flux. This methodol- ogy also provides the possible system level AT＇s that can be achieved for a range of heat fluxes, defining the upper limits of thermoelectric cooling for that architecture. In this study, use was made of an extensive analytical model, which was verified using commercially available finite element analysis software. Through the optimization process, 3 pairs of master curves were generated, which were then used to compose the Pareto frontier for any given system architecture. Finally, a case study wasperformed to provide an in-depth demonstration of the optimization procedure for an example application.

关键词： thermoelectric cooling thermal management,optimization high flux electronics

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Route Towards Road Freight Electrification in India:Examining Battery Electric Truck Powertrain and Energy Consumption

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Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering 2022年第3期8卷 57-75页

作者： Sreedhar Madichetty avram John Neroth Sukumar Mishra B.Chitti Babu Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Mahindra University Ecole CentraleHyderabad 500043India Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of TechnologyDelhi 110016India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Indian Institute of Information TechnologyDesign and ManufacturingKanchipuram 600127India

Medium-duty/heavy-duty trucks(MD/HDTs)are yet to be included in India’s electric mobility *** the improvement of electric vehicle(EV)technologies,there is a growing interest in battery-electric trucks(BETs)from original equipment manufacturers(OEMs).The time is opportune to consider electrification as a future direction for road freight in ***,this article presents the results of an energy consumption simulation study of a BET under Indian *** study specifically considered an MDBET over a domestic drive *** energy consumption figures can facilitate future studies that analyze the technical and practical feasibility of BETs in the *** addition,the article provides the requisite groundwork for BET modeling for a simulation study by reviewing available EV powertrain systems and *** powertrain considerations are thereby obtained for a typical medium-duty/heavy-duty battery-electric truck(MD/HDBET)in the Indian context.

关键词： Electric truck heavy-duty battery electric truck medium-duty battery electric truck energy consumption vehicle powertrain

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Energy transfer and luminescent properties of Tb^(3+)and Tb^(3+),Yb^(3+)doped CNGG phosphors

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Journal of Rare Earths 2022年第9期40卷 1445-1453,I0004页

作者： S.Hau G.Stanciu D.avram L.Gheorghe C.Gheorghe National Institute for Laser Plasma and Radiation PhysicsSolid State Quantum Electronics Laboratory409 Atomistilor StreetP.O.Box MG-36Magurele077125IlfovRomania

In this work,calcium niobium gallium garnet(Ca_(3)Nb_(1.6875)Ga_(3.1875)O_(12)-CNGG)ceramic samples singledoped with Tb^(3+)and co-doped with Tb^(3+)and Yb^(3+)ions were sintered by the solid-state reaction *** structural characterization of the samples was carried out by X-ray diffraction *** optimal concentration of Tb^(3+)ions corresponding to the maximum luminescence in the green spectral range in CNGG:x at%Tb(x=0.1,0.5,1,2,3,4,and 5)was determined to be 4 at%.The timeresolved luminescence of the^(5)D_(4)level(Tb^(3+))in the CNGG:x at%Tb samples was analysed to explore the quenching mechanisms involved in the Tb^(3+)green ***-doped CNGG:4 at%Tb,y at%Yb(y=0.5,2,4,6,8,and 10)ceramics were prepared and *** is shown that CNGG:4 at%Tb,y at%Yb phosphors exhibit intense green luminescence under ultra-violet(UV),visible(VIS),and near-infrared(NIR)excitation,thus demonstrating the presence of simultaneous down-conversion(DC)and upconversion(UC)*** dependence of the UC luminescence intensity on the diode laser pumping power was measured and the results indicate a two-photon process based on cooperative energy transfer(CET).Under UV excitation,the lifetime of the^(5)D_(4)(Tb^(3+))level slowly increases with increase of Yb^(3+)concentration,suggesting the energy transfer from Yb^(3+)to Tb^(3+)ions,while under NIR excitation,the lifetime of the^(5)D_(4)(Tb^(3+))level decreases with increase of Yb^(3+)ions concentration,indicating the presence of a strong energy transfer from Tb^(3+)to Yb^(3+)*** highest energy transfer efficiency ofη_(ET)≈42%was determined for the CNGG:4 at%Tb,10 at%Yb *** obtained results indicate that CNGG:(Tb^(3+),Yb^(3+))could be efficient new yellowish-green-emitting phosphors.

关键词： Phosphors Tb^(3+)and Tb^(3+)-Yb^(3+)luminescence properties Up-conversion Down-conversion Quantum cutting process Rare earths

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The role of computer-assisted systems for upper-endoscopy quality monitoring and assessment of gastric lesions

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Gastroenterology Report 2021年第3期9卷 185-204,I0001页

作者： Daniela Cornelia Lazar Mihaela Flavia avram Alexandra Corina Faur Ioan Romosan Adrian Goldis Department V of Internal Medicine I Discipline of Internal Medicine IV“Victor Babes”University of Medicine and Pharmacy TimisoaraRomaniaTimisoaraRomania Department of Surgery X 1st Surgery Discipline“Victor Babes”University of Medicine and Pharmacy TimisoaraRomaniaTimisoaraRomania Department I Discipline of Anatomy and Embriology“Victor Babes”University of Medicine and Pharmacy TimisoaraRomaniaTimisoaraRomania Department VII of Internal Medicine II Discipline of Gastroenterology and Hepatology“Victor Babes”University of Medicine and Pharmacy TimisoaraRomaniaTimisoaraRomania

This article analyses the literature regarding the value of computer-assisted systems in esogastroduodenoscopy-quality monitoring and the assessment of gastric *** data show promising results in upper-endoscopy quality control and a satisfactory detection accuracy of gastric premalignant and malignant lesions,similar or even exceeding that of experienced ***,artificial systems enable the decision for the best treatment strategies in gastriccancer patient care,namely endoscopic vs surgical resection according to tumor *** so doing,unnecessary surgical interventions would be avoided whilst providing a better quality of life and prognosis for these *** these performance data have been revealed by numerous studies using different artificial intelligence(AI)algorithms in addition to white-light endoscopy or novel endoscopic techniques that are available in expert endoscopy *** is expected that ongoing clinical trials involving AI and the embedding of computer-assisted diagnosis systems into endoscopic devices will enable real-life implementation of AI endoscopic systems in the near future and at the same time will help to overcome the current limits of the computer-assisted systems leading to an improvement in *** benefits should lead to better diagnostic and treatment strategies for gastric-cancer ***,the incorporation of AI algorithms in endoscopic tools along with the development of large electronic databases containing endoscopic images might help in upper-endoscopy assistance and could be used for telemedicine purposes and second opinion for difficult cases.

关键词： artificial intelligence computer-assisted diagnosis gastric cancer premalignant gastric lesion upper-endoscopy quality control

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SVD-MPE: An SVD-Based Vector Extrapolation Method of Polynomial Type

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Applied Mathematics 2016年第11期7卷 1260-1278页

作者： avram Sidi Computer Science Department Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel

An important problem that arises in different areas of science and engineering is that of computing the limits of sequences of vectors , where , N being very large. Such sequences arise, for example, in the solution of systems of linear or nonlinear equations by fixed-point iterative methods, and are simply the required solutions. In most cases of interest, however, these sequences converge to their limits extremely slowly. One practical way to make the sequences converge more quickly is to apply to them vector extrapolation methods. Two types of methods exist in the literature: polynomial type methods and epsilon algorithms. In most applications, the polynomial type methods have proved to be superior convergence accelerators. Three polynomial type methods are known, and these are the minimal polynomial extrapolation (MPE), the reduced rank extrapolation (RRE), and the modified minimal polynomial extrapolation (MMPE). In this work, we develop yet another polynomial type method, which is based on the singular value decomposition, as well as the ideas that lead to MPE. We denote this new method by SVD-MPE. We also design a numerically stable algorithm for its implementation, whose computational cost and storage requirements are minimal. Finally, we illustrate the use of SVD-MPE with numerical examples.

关键词： Vector Extrapolation Minimal Polynomial Extrapolation Singular Value Decomposition Krylov Subspace Methods

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Neuroimaging brain growth charts:A road to mental health

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Psychoradiology 2021年第4期1卷 272-286页

作者： Li-Zhen Chen avram JHolmes Xi-Nian Zuo Qi Dong State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Department of Psychology Yale UniversityNew HavenCT 06511USA Department of Psychiatry Yale UniversityNew HavenCT 06511USA National Basic Science Data Center Beijing 100190China Developmental Population Neuroscience Research Center International Data Group/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Research Center for Lifespan Development of Mind and Brain Institute of PsychologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Mental disorders are common health concerns and contribute to a heavy global burden on our modern *** is challenging to identify and treat them *** evidence suggests the incidence of various psychiatric and behavioral disorders is closely related to the atypical development of brain structure and *** identification and understanding of atypical brain development provide chances for clinicians to detect mental disorders earlier,perhaps even prior to onset,and treat them more *** invaluable and necessary method in identifying and monitoring atypical brain development are growth charts of typically developing individuals in the *** brain growth charts can offer a series of standard references on typical neurodevelopment,representing an important resource for the scientific and medical *** the present paper,we review the relationship between mental disorders and atypical brain development from a perspective of normative brain development by surveying the recent progress in the development of brain growth charts,including four aspects on growth chart utility:1)cohorts,2)measures,3)mechanisms,and 4)clinical *** doing so,we seek to clarify the challenges and opportunities in charting brain growth,and to promote the application of brain growth charts in clinical practice.

关键词： growth chart development neuroimaging reliability mental health

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Prognostic significance of tumor immune microenvironment and immunotherapy:Novel insights and future perspectives in gastric cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第32期24卷 3583-3616页

作者： Daniela Cornelia Lazǎr Mihaela Flavia avram Ioan Romosan Mǎrioara Cornianu Sorina Tǎan Adrian Goldis Department of Internal Medicine I University Medical ClinicUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy"Victor Babes"Timisoara 300041Timis CountyRomania Department of Surgery X 1st Surgery ClinicUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy"Victor Babes"Timisoara 300041Timis CountyRomania Department of Pathology University of Medicine and Pharmacy"Victor Babes"Timisoara 300041Timis CountyRomania Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Medicine and Pharmacy"Victor Babes"Timisoara 300041Timis CountyRomania

Despite a decrease in gastric cancer incidence, the development of novel biologic agents and combined therapeutic strategies, the prognosis of gastric cancer remains poor. Recently, the introduction of modern immunotherapy, especially using immune checkpoint inhibitors, led to an improved prognosis in many cancers. The use of immunotherapy was also associated with manageable adverse event profiles and promising results in the treatment of patients with gastric cancer, especially in heavily pretreated patients. These data have led to an accelerated approval of some checkpoint inhibitors in this setting. Understanding the complex relationship between the host immune microenvironment and tumor and the immune escape phenomenon leading to cancer occurrence and progression will subsequently lead to the identification of prognostic immune markers. Furthermore, this understanding will result in the discovery of both new mechanisms for blocking tumor immunosuppressive signals and pathways to stimulate the local immune response by targeting and modulating different subsets of immune cells. Due to the molecular heterogeneity of gastric cancers associated with differentclinico-biologic parameters, immune markers expression and prognosis, novel immunotherapy algorithms should be personalized and addressed to selected subsets of gastric tumors, which have been proven to elicit the best clinical responses. Future perspectives in the treatment of gastric cancer include tailored dual immunotherapies or a combination of immunotherapy with other targeted agents with synergistic antitumor effects.

关键词： immunotherapy prognostic significance tumor immune microenvironment immune checkpoint inhibitors gastric cancer

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电子设备的热控制与分析

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1992年

作者：（美）克劳斯（Kraus Allan D.）（美）巴科恩（bar-cohen avram）赵抈殳等译

书名原文:Thermal analysis and control of electronic equipment:阐述了国外目前采用的先进热控制技术及其发展状况。其中包括:传热学流体力学的基本概念、电子元器件及新型的冷却技术等。

ISBN: (纸本)7118008583

关键词：电子设备热控制

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Information on a New Field of Knowledge： Metallurgical Econology

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2012年第2期1卷 137-143页

作者： avram Nicolae Cristian Predescu Maria Nicolae Ecaterina Matei Mirela Sohaciu Science Material and Engineering Faculty Politehnica University of Bucharest Bucharest 040062 Romania

A new branch of science called econology is being defined and shortly characterized as studying the economics-ecology-energy associations （3E or E3 associations）. In the future, this must be transformed into tehnology （T）-economy-energy-ecology, so that the symbol of the econology shall be TE3. Being a new field, it becomes necessary to define and characterize the specific methodological tools. That＇s why the paper examines the following indices：（1） specific consumption of primary carbon; （2） specific consumption of primary negentropy; （3） reintegration rate of secondary materials and energy. Also, the following issues are presented：（1） the indirect pollution mechanism in metallurgy; （2） analysis of pollution issues by principle ＂think globally, act locally＂.

关键词： Econology metallurgy ecology.

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Malignant hepatic vascular tumors in adults: Characteristics,diagnostic difficulties and current management

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2019年第3期10卷 110-135页

作者： Daniela Cornelia Lazar Mihaela Flavia avram Ioan Romosan Violetta Vacariu Adrian Goldis Marioara Cornianu Department of Internal MedicineⅠ University Medical ClinicUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy“Victor Babes”Timisoara 300041Romania Department of SurgeryⅩ 1st Surgery ClinicUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy“Victor Babe?”Timisoara 300041Romania Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Medicine and Pharmacy“Victor Babes”Timisoara 300041Romania Department of Pathology University of Medicine and Pharmacy“Victor Babes”Timisoara 300041Romania

Malignant vascular tumors of the liver include rare primary hepatic mesenchymal tumors developed in the background of a normal liver parenchyma. Most of them are detected incidentally by the increased use of performing imaging techniques. Their diagnosis is challenging, involving clinical and imaging criteria, with final confirmation by histology and immunohistochemistry. Surgery represents the mainstay of treatment. Liver transplantation(LT) has improved substantially the prognosis of hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma(HEHE), with 5-year patient survival rates of up to 81%, based on the European Liver Intestine Transplantation AssociationEuropean Liver Transplant Registry study. Unfortunately, the results of surgery and LT are dismal in cases of hepatic angiosarcoma(HAS). Due to the disappointing results of very short survival periods of approximately 6-7 mo after LT, because of tumor recurrence and rapid progression of the disease, HAS is considered an absolute contraindication to LT. Recurrences after surgical resection are high in cases of HEHE and invariably present in cases of HAS. The discovery of reliable prognostic markers and the elaboration of prognostic scores following LT are needed to provide the best therapeutic choice for each *** on a few patients have demonstrated the stabilization of the disease in a proportion of patients with hepatic vascular tumors using novel targeted antiangiogenic agents, cytokines or immunotherapy. These new approaches,alone or in combination with other therapeutic modalities, such as surgery and classical chemotherapy, need further investigation to assess their role in prolonging patient survival. Personalized therapeutic algorithms according to the histopathological features, behavior, molecular biology and genetics of the tumors should be elaborated in the near future for the management of patients diagnosed with primary malignant vascular tumors of the liver.

关键词： Hepatic malignant vascular tumors Hepatic small vessel neoplasia Hepaticperivascular epithelioid cell tumor Hepatic hemangiopericytoma Hepatic epithelioidhemangioendothelioma Kaposi sarcoma Hepatic angiosarcoma Diagnostic Prognostic Treatment

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