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Catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline medium:Configuring a cooperative mechanism at the Ag-Ag_(2)S-MoS_(2) interface

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第11期31卷 481-488,I0013页

作者： avraham.bar-hen Simon Hettler Ashwin Ramasubramaniam Raul Arenal Ronen bar-Ziv Maya bar Sadan Department of Chemistry Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer-Sheva 8410501Israel Department of Chemistry Nuclear Research Center NegevP.O.Box 9001Beer-Sheva 84190Israel Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas Universidad de Zaragoza50018 ZaragozaSpain Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragon CSIC-U.de ZaragozaCalle Pedro Cerbuna 1250009 ZaragozaSpain Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003United States ARAID Foundation 50018 ZaragozaSpain

Designing electrocatalysts for HER in alkaline conditions to overcome the sluggish kinetics associated with the additional water dissociation step is a recognized challenge in promoting the hydrogen *** this end,delicately tuning the atomic-scale structure and surface composition of nanoparticles is a common strategy and,specifically,making use of hybrid structures,can produce synergistic effects that lead to highly active ***,we present a core-shell catalyst of Ag@MoS_(2)that shows promising results towards the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)in both 0.5 M H_(2)SO_(4)and 0.5 M *** this hybrid structure,the MoS_(2)shell is strained and defective,and charge transfer occurs between the conductive core and the shell,contributing to the electrocatalytic *** shelling process results in a large fraction of Ag_(2)S in the cores,and adjusting the relative fractions of Ag,Ag_(2)S,and MoS_(2)leads to improved catalytic activity and fast charge-transfer *** suggest that the enhancement of alkaline HER is associated with a cooperative effect of the interfaces,where the Ag(Ⅰ)sites in Ag_(2)S drive the water dissociation step,and the formed hydrogen subsequently recombines on the defective MoS_(2)*** study demonstrates the benefits of hybrid structures as functional nanomaterials and provides a scheme to activate MoS_(2)for HER in alkaline conditions.

关键词： Water splitting Core-shell Catalytic mechanism Electrocatalysis 2D materials

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Lab results of COVID-19 patients:Omicron vs delta variants

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World Journal of Virology 2024年第2期13卷 71-77页

作者： Dana avraham Amir Herman Gal Shaham Arkady Shklyar Elina Sulim Maria Oulianski Orthopedic Department Kaplan Medical CenterRehovot 7661041Israel Department of Medicine Lithuanian University of Health SciencesKaunas 44307Lithuania Emergency Department Kaplan Medical CenterRehovot 7661041Israel

BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)virus has been a world-known pan-demic since February *** variances had been established;the most common variants in Israel were omicron and *** To analyze and compare laboratory values in the"omicron"and"delta"variants of the coronavirus by conducting follow-up examinations and laboratory audits on COVID-19 patients admitted to our *** A retrospective study,two groups,50 patients in each *** examined positive for COVID-19 were divided into groups according to the common variant at the given *** reviewed demographic data and laboratory results such as complete blood count and full chemistry,including electrolytes and coagulation *** The mean age was 52%,66.53±21.7 were *** significance was found comparing laboratory results in the following disciplines:Blood count,hemo-globin,and lymphocytes(P=0.41,P=0.87,P=0.97).Omicron and delta variants have higher neutrophil counts,though they are not significantly different(P=0.38).Coagulation tests:Activated paritial thromoplastin test and international normalized ratio(P=0.72,P=0.68).We found no significance of abnormality for all *** The study compares laboratory results of blood tests between two variants of the COVID-19 virus–omicron and *** found no significance between the *** results show the need for further research with larger data as well as the need to compare all COVID-19 variants.

关键词： COVID-19 Coronavirus Omicron variant Delta variant

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Lipid nanoparticles deliver mRNA to the blood-brain barrier

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Nano Research 2024年第10期17卷 9126-9134页

作者： Yanina Kuzminich avraham Shakked Randi Calkins Sebastian Rudden Camille Jones Jessie Doan Bora Jang Elisa Schrader Echeverri Ryan Zenhausern Liming Lian David Loughrey Hannah E.Peck Rachelle Wiese Dorothy Koveal Philip J.Santangelo James E.Dahlman George C.Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA Parker H.Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA Wallace H.Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA

Lipid nanoparticles(LNPs)have delivered RNA to hepatocytes in patients after intravenous *** clinical data support efforts to design LNPs that transfect cells in the central nervous system(CNS).However,delivery to the CNS has been difficult,in large part because quantifying on-target delivery alongside common off-target cell types in adult mice remains *** we report methods to isolate different cell types from the CNS,and subsequently present mRNA delivery readouts using a liver-detargeted *** data suggest that LNPs without targeting ligands can transfect cerebral endothelial cells in mice after intravenous *** the difficulty of crossing the blood-brain barrier,they also underscore the value of quantifying delivery in the CNS with cell-type resolution instead of whole-tissue resolution.

关键词： lipid nanoparticle mRNA nanomedicine central nervous system blood-brain barrier

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Some Aspects of Synchronization of DFA

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2008年第5期23卷 719-727页

作者： avraham Trahtman bar-Ilan University Department of Mathematics

A word w is called synchronizing （recurrent, reset, directable） word of deterministic finite automata （DFA） if w brings all states of the automaton to a unique state. According to the famous conjecture of Cerny from 1964, every n-state synchronizing automaton possesses a synchronizing word of length at most （n - 1）2. The problem is still open. It will be proved that the Cerny conjecture holds good for synchronizing DFA with transition monoid having no involutions and for every n-state （n 〉 2） synchronizing DFA with transition monoid having only trivial subgroups the minimal length of synchronizing word is not greater than （n - 1）2/2. The last important class of DFA involved and studied by Schutzenberger is called aperiodic; its automata accept precisely star-free languages. Some properties of an arbitrary synchronizing DFA were established.

关键词： deterministic finite automata (DFA) synchronization aperiodic semigroup Cerny conjecture

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MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION AND TISSUE VIABILITY IN VIVO:FROM ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS TO CLINICAL *** YEARS OF FRUITFUL COLLABORATION WITH BRITTON CHANCE

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2011年第4期4卷 337-359页

作者： avraham MAYEVSKY The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life-Sciences The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan52900Israel

The involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in many pathophysiological conditions and human diseases is well *** order to evaluate mitochondrial function in vitro,many experimental systems have been *** the number of in vivo monitoring systems for the evaluation of mitochondrial activities in intact animals and patients is relatively *** pioneering development of the conceptual and technological aspects ofmitochondrial monitoring,in vitro and in vivo,was done by the late *** Chance(July 24,1913November 16,2010)since the early *** was my privilege to join his laboratory in 1972 and collaborate with him for almost four *** main achievements of our collaboration are presented in this *** activities included cycles of technology development,followed by its applications to study various pathophysiological *** the initial stage,thefirstfiber-opticbased NADHfluorometer was *** device enabled us to monitor various organs in anesthetized animals aswell as the brain of nonanesthetized small *** on,the addition of various physiological parameters to NADH monitoring enabled us to correlate mitochondrial function with other cellular *** application of the developed technology to clinical situations was a major interest of *** and indeed this goal was achieved in the last *** of today,the basic tool forNADHmonitoring and the large database of results are available for large-scale experimental and clinical applications.

关键词： NADHfluorescence in vivo multiparametric brain monitoring mitochondrial redox state mitochondrial dysfunction tissue energy metabolism

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SHEDDING LIGHT ON LIFE:OPTICAL ASSESSMENT OF MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION AND TISSUE VITALITY IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2008年第1期1卷 71-83页

作者： avraham MAYEVSKY The Mina&Everard Goodman Faculty of Life-Sciences and The Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan 52900Israel

The involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in various pathophysiological conditions,developed in experimental and clinical situations,is widely ***,real time monitoring of mitochondrial function In-vivo is very *** pressing question is how the mitochondria of intact tissues behave under In-vivo conditions as compared to isolated mitochondria that had been described by Chance and Williams over 50 years *** subject has been recently discussed in detail(Mayevsky and Rogatsky 2007).We reviewed the subject of evaluating mitochondrial function by monitoring NADH fluorescence together with microcirculatory blood flow,Hemoglobin oxygenation and tissue *** 4 parameters represent the vitality of the tissue and could be monitored in vivo,using optical spectroscopy,in animal models as well as in clinical *** is a well known physiological hypothesis that,under emergency conditions,the sympathetic nervous system will give preference to the most vital organs in the body,namely the brain,heart and adrenal *** less vital organs,such as the skin,GI-tract,and Urethral wall,will become hypoperfused and their mitochondrial activity will be *** monitoring of the less vital organs may reveal critical tissue conditions that may manifest an early phase of body *** aim of the current presentation is to review the experimental and preliminary clinical results accumulated using a new integrated medical device–the“CritiView”which enabled,for the first time,monitoring 4 parameters from the tissue using a single optical *** CritiView is a computerized optical device that integrates hardware and software in order to provide real time information on tissue *** preliminary clinical testing,we used a 3-way Foley catheter that includes a bundle of optical fibers enabling the monitoring of the 4 parameters,representing the vitality of the urethral wall(a less vital organ).We found that the exposure of pat

关键词： organs representing hardware

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Genome evolution in allopolyploid wheat—a revolutionary reprogramming followed by gradual changes

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2009年第9期36卷 511-518页

作者： Moshe Feldman avraham A. Levy Plant Sciences The Weizmann Institute of Science

Allopolyploidy accelerates genome evolution in wheat in two ways： 1） allopolyploidization triggers rapid genome alterations （revolutionary changes） through the instantaneous generation of a variety of cardinal genetic and epigenetic changes, and 2） the allopolyploid condition facilitates sporadic genomic changes during the life of the species （evolutionary changes） that are not attainable at the diploid level. The revolutionary alterations, occurring during the formation of the allopolyploid and leading to rapid cytological and genetic diploidization, facilitate the successful establishment of the newly formed allopolyploid in nature. On the other hand, the evolutionary changes, occurring during the life of the allopolyploids, increase the intra-specific genetic diversity, and consequently, increased fimess, adaptability and competitiveness. These phenomena, emphasizing the dynamic plasticity of the allopolyploid wheat genome with regards to both structure and function, are described and discussed in this review.

关键词： allopolyploidization cytological diploidization epigenetics genetic diploidizafion Triticum wheat

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HYPERbarIC HYPEROXIA AND THE BRAIN IN VIVO:THE BALANCE BETWEEN THERAPY AND TOXICITY

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2008年第2期1卷 185-193页

作者： JUDITH SONN ELHANAN MEIROVITHZ avraham MAYEVSKY The Mina&Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and the Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan 52900Israel

Hyperbaric oxygenation(HBO)treatment protocols utilize low pressures up to *** pressures may induce side effects such as convulsions due to brain *** optimal HBO pressure allowing for maximal therapy and minimal toxicity is under ***,it can be evaluated by monitoring oxygen delivery,saturation,and *** this study,the monitoring system fixed on the rats’brain cortex included a time-sharing fluorometer-reflectometer for monitoring mitochondrial NADH and hemoglobin oxygenation(HbO_(2))combined with Laser Doppler Flowmetry(LDF)for blood-flow *** were located in a hyperbaric chamber and exposed to different *** HBO pressure caused an increase in HbO_(2)and a decrease in NADH in proportion to the increase in hyperbaric pressure,up to a nearly maximum effect at *** 6ATA,15 minutes before convulsions started,blood volume and NADH started to increase,while tissue O_(2)supply by hemoglobin remained *** pool includes oxygen dissolved in the plasma and also bounded to *** 2.5ATA,hemoglobin is fully saturated and the oxygen pool nourishment derives only from the oxygen dissolved in the plasma,exceeding the physiological ability for autoregulation;hence,homeostasis is disturbed and convulsions *** information is vital because pressures around 2.5ATA–3ATA are standard clinically applied pressures used to treat most of the pathophysiological problems considering the potential benefit which must be balanced against the potential *** study enables,for the first time,to evaluate the oxygenation level of hemoglobin in the ***,our study showed that additional oxygen pressure(above 2.5ATA)caused brain oxygen toxicity within a short variable period of time after the pressure elevation.

关键词： NADH redox state brain tissue hemoglobin oxygenation HBO therapy HBO toxicity

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Therapeutic angiography for giant bleeding gastro-duodenal artery pseudoaneurysm

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第13期16卷 1670-1672页

作者： Ram Elazary Mahmoud Abu-Gazala avraham Schlager Noam Shussman avraham I Rivkind Allan I Bloom Department of Surgery Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center Department of Radiology Section of Interventional Radiology Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center

We present the case of an 18-year-old female transferred to our center from an outside hospital due to persistent gastrointestinal bleeding. Two weeks prior to her transfer she underwent duodenal omentopexy for a perforated duodenal peptic ulcer. The patient underwent a computed tomography angiogram which identified the source of bleeding as a giant gastroduodenal artery (GDA) pseudoaneurysm. The patient was taken to interventional radiology where successful microcoil embolization was performed. We present this rare case of a giant GDA pseudoaneurysm together with imaging and a review of the medical literature regarding prevalence, etiology and treatment options for visceral arterial aneurysms.

关键词： Gastro-duodenal artery Gastrointestinal Bleeding Angiography Pseudoaneurysm

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HOW DOES ANESTHESIA AFFECT VARIOUS LEVELS OF EXPERIMENTAL TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY?

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2011年第4期4卷 409-420页

作者： barBIRO-MICHAELY EFRAT MANOR TAMAR ROGATSKY GENNADY MAYEVSKY avraham The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life-Sciences The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan52900Israel

The use of anesthetics is a well-known treatment for severely injured *** the present study we tested the pathophysiology of several levels of injury damage in a rat model and also tested the effect of Equithesin on brain vitality in these *** Brain Injury(TBI)was induced using thefluid percussion injury model in four levels:mild,moderate and two levels of severe *** real-time evaluation was performed by the multiparametric monitoring assembly(MPA)which enable cerebral bloodflow(CBF)monitoring by laser Dopplerflowmetry,mitochondrial NADH(Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)monitoring by thefluorometric technique,ionic homehostasis using special mini-electrodes,intracranial pressure(ICP)by the ICP camino device and needle electrodes for ECoG(Electrocorticogram)*** results showed high correlation between the level of impact and the extent of changes in the physiological properties of the injury as indicated by the changes in all parameters monitored using the MPA ***,Equithesin improved CBF,ionic extracellular level and mitochondrial redox state following mild and moderate TBI while in severe TBI,Equithesin did not improve the metabolic state of the cerebral cortex,although it decreased the mortality rate from 66%to 20%,and following extra-severe TBI level,Equithesin did not improve survival *** conclusion it seems that Equithesin's protective effect exists under mild to moderate levels of injury and not in case of severe injuries.

关键词： Cerebral bloodflow mitochondrial NADH multiparametric monitoring

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