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The geometric phase in nonlinear frequency conversion

Frontiers of physics 2022年第1期17卷 7-37页

作者： aviv Karnieli Yongyao Li Ady Arie Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv UniversityRamat Aviv69978Tel AvivIsrael School of Physics and Optoelectronic engineering Foshan UniversityFoshan528000China School of electrical engineering Fleischman Faculty of EngineeringTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael

The geometric phase of light has been demonstrated in various platforms of the linear optical regime, raising interest both for fundamental science as well as applications, such as flat optical elements. re.e.tly, the concept of geometric phases has been extended to nonlinear optics, following advances in engineering both bulk nonlinear photonic crystals and nonlinear metasurfaces. These new technologies offer a great promise of applications for nonlinear manipulation of light. In this review, we cover the re.e.t theoretical and experimental advances in the field of geometric phases accompanying nonlinear frequency conversion. We first consider the case of bulk nonlinear photonic crystals, in which the interaction between propagating waves is quasi-phase-matched, with an engineerable geometric phase accumulated by the light. Nonlinear photonic crystals can offer efficient and robust frequency conversion in both the linearized and fully-nonlinear regimes of interaction, and allow for several applications including adiabatic mode conversion, electromagnetic nonreciprocity and novel topological effects for light. We then cover the rapidly-growing field of nonlinear Pancharatnam-Berry metasurfaces, which allow the simultaneous nonlinear generation and shaping of light by using ultrathin optical elements with subwavelength phase and amplitude resolution. We discuss the macroscopic selection rules that depend on the rotational symmetry of the constituent meta-atoms, the order of the harmonic generations, and the change in circular polarization. Continuous geometric phase gradients allow the steering of light beams and shaping of their spatial modes. More complex designs perform nonlinear imaging and multiplex nonlinear holograms, where the functionality is varied according to the generated harmonic order and polarization. re.e.t advancements in the fabrication of three dimensional nonlinear photonic crystals, as well as the pursuit of quantum light sources based on nonlin

关键词： nonlinear optics quasi phase matching holography geometric phase nonlinear metasurfaces Pancharatnam-Berry phase frequency conversion

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THe IMPLICIT CONVeX FeASIBILITY PROBLeM AND ITS APPLICATION TO ADAPTIVe IMAGe DeNOISING

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2016年第6期34卷 610-625页

作者： Yair Censor aviv Gibali Frank Lenzen Christoph Schnorr Department of Mathematics University of Haifa Mr. Carmel 3498838 Haifa Israel Department of Mathematics ORT Braude College 2161002 Karmiel Israel Heidelberg Collaboratory for Image Processing Mathematikon INF 205 University of Heidelberg 69120 Heidelberg Germany

The implicit convex feasibility problem attempts to find a point in the intersection of a finite family of convex sets, some of which are not explicitly determined but may vary. We develop simultaneous and sequential projection methods capable of handling such problems and demonstrate their applicability to image denoising in a specific medical imaging situation. By allowing the variable sets to undergo scaling, shifting and rotation, this work generalizes pre^ious results -vherein the implicit convex feasibility problem was used for cooperative wire.e.s sensor network positioning where sets are balls and their centers were implicit.

关键词： Implicit convex feasibility Split feasibility projection methods Variable sets,Proximity function Image denoising.

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Imaging biomarkers in Parkinson’s disease and Parkinsonian syndromes:current and emerging concepts

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2017年第1期6卷 67-91页

作者： Usman Saeed Jordana Compagnone Richard I.aviv Antonio P.Strafella Sandra e.Black Anthony e.Lang Mario Masellis Institute of Medical Science Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology re.e.rch Unit Sunnybrook Research InstituteTorontoCanada Department of Medical Imaging University of Toronto and Division of NeuroradiologySunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoCanada re.e.rch Imaging Centre Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoCanada Division of Brain Imaging&Behaviour-Systems NeuroscienceToronto Western HospitalTorontoCanada Division of Neurology Department of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada Heart&Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke recovery Sunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoCanada Movement Disorders Centre Toronto Western HospitalTorontoCanada edmond J.Safra Program in Parkinson’s Disease University Health NetworkTorontoCanada Cognitive&Movement Disorders Clinic Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre2075 Bayview Ave.Room A4-55TorontoOntario M4N 3 M5Canada

Two centuries ago in 1817,James Parkinson provided the first medical description of Parkinson’s disease,later refined by Jean-Martin Charcot in the mid-to-late 19th century to include the atypical parkinsonian variants(also termed,Parkinson-plus syndromes).Today,Parkinson’s disease repre.e.ts the second most common neurodegenerative disorder with an estimated global prevalence of over 10 ***,atypical parkinsonian syndromes encompass a group of relatively heterogeneous disorders that may share some clinical features with Parkinson’s disease,but are uncommon distinct clinicopathological *** of scientific advancements have vastly improved our understanding of these disorders,including improvements in in vivo imaging for biomarker *** imaging for the visualization of structural and functional brain changes is especially important,as it allows a‘window’into the underlying pathophysiological *** this article,we first pre.e.t an overview of the cardinal clinical and neuropathological features of,1)synucleinopathies:Parkinson’s disease and other Lewy body spectrum disorders,as well as multiple system atrophy,and 2)tauopathies:progressive supranuclear palsy,and corticobasal degeneration.A compre.e.sive pre.e.tation of wellestablished and emerging imaging biomarkers for each disorder are then *** for the following imaging modalities are reviewed:1)structural magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)using T1,T2,and susceptibilityweighted sequences for volumetric and voxel-based morphometric analyses,as well as MRI derived visual signatures,2)diffusion tensor MRI for the assessment of white matter tract injury and microstructural integrity,3)proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy for quantifying proton-containing brain metabolites,4)single photon emission computed tomography for the evaluation of nigrostriatal integrity(as assessed by presynaptic dopamine transporters and postsynaptic dopamine D2 re.e.tors),a

关键词： Biomarkers Parkinson’s disease Atypical parkinsonian syndrome MRI PeT SPeCT Diffusion tensor imaging Molecular imaging Myocardial scintigraphy Transcranial sonography

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Vedolizumab serum trough concentrations with and without thiopurines in ulcerative colitis: The prospective VIeWS pharmacokinetics study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2025年第2期31卷 102-112页

作者： Thanaboon Chaemsupaphan aviv Pudipeddi Hui-Yu Lin Sudarshan Paramsothy Viraj C Kariyawasam Melissa Kermeen Rupert W Leong Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Services Concord Repatriation General HospitalSydney 2139New South WalesAustralia Faculty of Medicine Siriraj HospitalMahidol UniversityBangkok 10700Thailand Faculty of Medicine and Health University of SydneySydney 2139New South WalesAustralia Department of Gastroenterology Tan Tock Seng HospitalSingapore 308433Singapore Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Macquarie UniversitySydney 2139New South WalesAustralia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Blacktown HospitalSydney 2148New South WalesAustralia Blacktown Clinical School Western Sydney UniversitySydney 2148New South WalesAustralia

BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic inflammatory condition requiring continuous treatment and *** is limited pharmacokinetic data on vedolizumab during maintenance therapy and the effect of thiopurines on vedolizumab trough concentrations is *** To investigate the exposure-response relationship of vedolizumab and the impact of thiopurine withdrawal in UC patients who have achieved sustained clinical and endoscopic remission during maintenance *** This is a post-hoc analysis of prospective randomized clinical trial(VIeWS)involving UC patients across 8 centers in Australia from 2018 to *** in clinical and endoscopic remission were randomized to continue or withdraw thiopurine while re.e.ving *** evaluated vedolizumab serum trough concentrations,pre.e.ce of anti-vedolizumab antibodies,and clinical outcomes over 48 weeks to assess exposure-response asso-ciation and impact of thiopurine *** There were 62 UC participants with mean age of 43.4 years and 42%were *** participants re.e.ved vedolizumab as maintenance therapy with 67.7%withdrew *** serum trough concentrations remained stable over 48 weeks regardless of thiopurine use,with no anti-vedolizumab antibodies ***-tients with clinical remission had higher trough concentrations at week *** quartile analysis,a threshold of>11.3μg/mL was associated with sustained clinical remission,showing a sensitivity of 82.4%,specificity of 60.0%,and an area of re.e.ver operating characteristic of 0.71(95%CI:0.49-0.93).Patients discontinuing thiopurine required higher vedolizumab concentrations for achieving *** A positive exposure-response relationship between vedolizumab trough concentrations and UC outcomes suggests that monitoring drug levels may be *** thiopurine did not influence vedolizumab levels,its with-drawal may necessitate higher vedolizumab trough concentrations to maintain remi

关键词： Pharmacokinetic Vedolizumab Thiopurine Ulcerative colitis Trough concentration Antibody Inflammatory bowel diseases

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Free-electron crystals for enhanced X-ray radiation

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第7期13卷 1299-1309页

作者： Lee Wei Wesley Wong Xihang Shi aviv Karnieli Jeremy Lim Suraj Kumar Sergio Carbajo Ido Kaminer Liang Jie Wong School of electrical and electronic engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639798Singapore. Solid State Institute and Faculty of electrical and Computer engineering Technion–Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa 3200003Israel. School of electrical engineering Fleischman Faculty of EngineeringTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 69978Israel Department of Applied Physics Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA. Science Mathematics and TechnologySingapore University of Technology and Design8 Somapah RoadSingapore 487372Singapore. electrical and Computer engineering Department UCLA420 WestwoodLos AngelesCA 90095USA. Physics and Astronomy Department UCLA475 Portola PlazaLos AngelesCA 90095USA. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Stanford University2575 Sand Hill RoadMenlo ParkCA 94025USA

Bremsstrahlung—the spontaneous emission of broadband radiation from free electrons that are deflected by atomic nuclei—contributes to the majority of X-rays emitted from X-ray tubes and used in applications ranging from medical imaging to semiconductor chip ***,we show that the bremsstrahlung intensity can be enhanced significantly—by more than three orders of magnitude—through shaping the electron wavefunction to periodically overlap with atoms in crystalline ***,we show how to shape the bremsstrahlung X-ray emission pattern into arbitrary angular emission profiles for purposes such as unidirectionality and ***,we find that these enhancements and shaped emission profiles cannot be attributed solely to the spatial overlap between the electron probability distribution and the atomic centers,as predicted by the paraxial and nonrecoil theory for free electron light *** work highlights an unpre.e.ented regime of free electron light emission where.e.ectron waveshaping provides multi-dimensional control over practical radiation processes like *** results pave the way towards greater versatility in table-top X-ray sources and improved fundamental understanding of quantum electron-light interactions.

关键词： overlap attributed arbitrary

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Knowledge and attitudes towards the use of histological assessments in ulcerative colitis by gastroenterologists vs pathologists

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第2期29卷 378-389页

作者： aviv Pudipeddi Caroline Fung Britt Christensen Robert V Bryant Kavitha Subramaniam John Chetwood Sudarshan Paramsothy Rupert W Leong Gastroenterology and Liver Services Concord Repatriation General HospitalSydney 2139Australia Faculty of Medicine and Health Concord Clinical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydney 2138Australia Department of Anatomical Pathology Concord Repatriation General HospitalSydney 2139Australia Department of Gastroenterology Royal Melbourne HospitalMelbourne 3050Australia Department of Medicine University of MelbourneMelbourne 3052Australia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology The Queen Elizabeth HospitalAdelaide 5011Australia Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit Canberra HospitalCanberra 2605Australia Australian National University Medical School Australian National UniversityCanberra 2601Australia Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Macquarie University HospitalSydney 2109Australia

BACKGROUND Histological remission is increasingly accepted as a treatment endpoint in the management of ulcerative colitis(UC).However,the knowledge of histology guidelines and the attitudes towards their use in clinical practice by gastroenterologists and pathologists is *** To evaluate the knowledge of histology guidelines and attitudes towards the use of histology in UC by gastroenterologists and *** A prospective,cross-sectional nationwide survey of gastroenterologists and pathologists who analyse UC specimens was *** survey consisted of 34 questions to assess gastroenterologists’and pathologists’knowledge(score out of 19)and attitudes towards histological assessment in *** questions were formulated using the european Crohn’s and Colitis position paper on histopathology and the British Society of Gastroenterology biopsy reporting *** included knowledge of histological assessment of disease activity and dysplasia,knowledge of histological scoring systems for ulcerative colitis,uptake of histology scoring systems in routine practice,attitudes towards the role of histological activity,and the use of histological activity in clinical *** Of 89 responders(77 gastroenterologists,12 pathologists),there was almost universal acceptance that histological assessment should form part of UC evaluation[95%gastroenterologists,92%pathologists].However,gastroenterologists reported that 92%of their pathologists do not use a histological scoring *** of a formal histological scoring system was pre.e.red by 77%of gastroenterologists and 58%of *** groups lacked aware.e.s of the Geboes Score,Nancy Index and Robarts Histopathological Index scoring systems with 91%,87%,and 92%of gastroenterologists respectively;and 83%,83%,and 92%pathologists respectively,being uncertain of scoring systems’remission *** knowledge score was not significantly different between gastroenterologist

关键词： Histology Scoring system Ulcerative colitis Survey

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Frontal fibrosing alopecia update

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World Journal of Dermatology 2015年第1期4卷 33-43页

作者： Anna Lyakhovitsky aviv Barzilai Boaz Amichai Department of Dermatology Chaim Sheba Medical Center Tel-Aviv University Sackler School of Medicine Tel Hashomer 52621 Israel Department of Dermatology Meir Medical Center Kfar-Saba Tel-Aviv University Sackler School of Medicine Tel Hashomer 52621 Israel

Frontal fibrosing alopecia(FFA) is a re.e.tly described form of primary cicatricial alopecia, characterized by progressive re.e.sion of the frontotemporal hairline and eyebrow loss, occurring predominantly in postmenopausal women. The incidence of FFA has increased significantly during the last decade and we may be facing an epidemic of the disease. Because this condition causes permanent hair loss, prompt diagnosis and treatment are.e.sential for obtaining optimal outcome. This article reviews existing knowledge on epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinico-histological features, diagnosis,and treatment modalities of FFA.

关键词： Cicatricial alopecia Scarring alopecia Frontal fibrosing alopecia Lichen planopilaris Hair loss

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What Can Be Improved in GC-MS—When Multi Benefits Can Be Transformed into a GC-MS revolution

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International Journal of Analytical Mass Spectrometry and Chromatography 2013年第1期1卷 31-47页

作者： aviv Amirav Alexander B. Fialkov Tal Alon School of Chemistry Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel School of Chemistry Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel aviv Analytical Ltd Tel Aviv Israel School of Chemistry Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel aviv Analytical Ltd Tel Aviv Israel Afeka College Tel Aviv Israel

Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a widely used central analytical technology. Commercially available GC-MS systems use different types of mass analyzers such as Quadrupole, Ion Trap and/or Time of Flight, but practically all systems utilize the same Nier type electron ionization (eI) ion source and the same standard GC-MS transferline interface. Consequently, the various GC-MS vendors characterize their systems by a short list of specifications that relate to improvements in the technology of GC or of MS and not of the interfacing technology and ion source. This article pre.e.ts a list of 62 ways in which the performance of GC-MS as a whole can be improved by an innovative interface and ion source. Such an interface can possibly lead to a GC-MS revolution in a way that is similar to that whichis brought to Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) by the electrospray ionization interface and ion source and not by improvements to the technology of LC or MS. These 62 possible GC-MS improvements (grouped into eight main categories) are not merely theoretical as they are provided by the Cold-eI GC-MS interface, which is based on the ionization of vibrationally cold sample molecules in a Supersonic Molecular Beam (SMB) within a fly-through ion source. An explanation and discussion is provided for each of these possible improvements.

关键词： Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Supersonic Molecular Beams Cold eI Instrument Development

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如何利用FDA药品批文进行证据合成

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英国医学杂志中文版 2020年第7期23卷 404-409页

作者： aviv Ladanie Hannah ewald Benjamin Kasemla Lars G Hemkens 白雪(译) 武阳丰(校) Basel Institute for Clinical epidemiology and Biostatistics Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity Hospital Basel and University of BaselBaselSwitzerland Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute(Swiss TPH)Basel Switzerland University Medical Library University of BaselBaselSwitzerland Departments of Medical Oncology and of Haematology University Hospital Basel and University of BaselBaselSwitzerland 北京大学临床研究所

美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)公布的可公开获取的批文为深入了解在同行评议的医学期刊上发表的文章所存在的报告偏倚提供了机会1-4。不仅如此,FDA的数据也可直接用于(1)减小此类偏倚对证据合成结果和结论的影响5;(2)获得已发表的临床试... 详细信息

美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)公布的可公开获取的批文为深入了解在同行评议的医学期刊上发表的文章所存在的报告偏倚提供了机会1-4。不仅如此,FDA的数据也可直接用于(1)减小此类偏倚对证据合成结果和结论的影响5;(2)获得已发表的临床试验报告中未披露的信息6;(3)以及找出未发表的临床试验等,从而提高对疗效估计的精度7。

关键词：证据合成医学期刊临床试验同行评议 FDA 偏倚

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Pre.e.tation and outcomes of chronic rhinosinusitis following liver and kidney transplant

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2021年第9期7卷 139-145页

作者： aviv Spillinger Christopher M.Low Byron M.Smith Janalee K.Stokken erin K.O'Brien Garret Choby Deportment of Otoloryngolosy-Head and Neck Surgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMN55905USA Biomedical Statistics and Informatics Mayo ClinicRochesterMN55905USA

non-invasive chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS)following liver or kidney transplant and determine factors associated with disease-related complications,selection of endoscopic sinus surgery(eSS),and disease resolution in this *** design:retrospective chart ***:An academic tertiary care center(Mayo Clinic,Rochester,Minnesota).Subjects and methods:Liver and kidney transplant recipients evaluated by Mayo Clinic otolaryngologists for CRS between 1998 and 2018 were *** and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine patient factors and treatment modalities associated with developing complications,selection of eSS,and disease ***:Fifty-seven patients met inclusion *** patients developed intraorbital or intracranial complications of their *** modeling demonstrated that the pre.e.ce of polyps(P=0.036)was associated with undergoing eSS within one year of pre.e.tation.A higher Lund-Mackay(LM)computed tomography score(P=0.023)and older age(P=0.018)were significantly associated with decreased disease *** other factors were significantly associated with the use of endoscopic sinus surgery within one year of otolaryngology pre.e.tation or resolution of CRS in this ***:The risk of developing CRS-related intraorbital or intracranial complications in this immunecompromised patient cohort may be lower than originally *** liver-and kidney-recipients stable on immunosuppressive medication for many years,prognostic factors for CRS may mirror those for immunocompetent patients.

关键词： Rhinosinusitis Chronic rhinosinusitis Non-invasive rhinosinusitis Kidney transplant Liver transplant Immunocompromised Immunosuppressed

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