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Engineering nanoparticles to overcome immunological barriers for enhanced drug delivery

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Engineered Regeneration 2020年第1期1卷 35-50页

作者： Thomas Malachowski austin Hassel Department of Biomedical Engineering Stony Brook UniversityUnited States

Nanotechnology has recently gained traction in the medical field as a method of targeted delivery and timed release of therapeutic *** interest in this field grows,design considerations of the selected nanotechnology and extensive knowledge of the human immune system are necessary to design an effective system for drug *** and control of an immune response has become an achievable outcome to ensure efficient treatment of target tissues through careful selection of materials and immune *** review outlines the immune system,the challenges created by its inherent functions,biocompatible materials that are presently being used to construct nanoparticles,and molecules and techniques used to manipulate the immune response to nanoparticles.

关键词： Immunomanipulation Inflammation Nanoparticle cloaking Biodegradable materials Immune responses

High surface area biocarbon monoliths for methane storage

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Green Energy & Environment 2023年第5期8卷 1308-1324页

作者： Elizabeth Michaelis Renfeng Nie Douglas austin Yanfeng Yue Department of Chemistry Delaware State UniversityDoverDE 19901United States College of Chemical Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450001China

New energy sources that reduce the volume of harmful gases such as SO_(x)and NO_(x)released into the atmosphere are in constant *** gas,primarily made up of methane,is being widely used as one reliable energy source for heating and electricity generation due to its high combustion ***,natural gas accounts for a large portion of electricity generation and chemical feedstock in manufacturing plastics and other commercially important organic *** the near future,natural gas will be widely used as a fuel for ***,a practical storage device for its storage and transportation is very beneficial to the deployment of natural gas as an energy source for new *** this tutorial review,biomaterials-based carbon monoliths(CMs),one kind of carbonaceous material,was reviewed as an adsorbent for natural gas(methane)adsorption and storage.

关键词： Activated carbon Carbon monolith Methane storage High surface area Activation agent

DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF BIORETENTION BEDS FOR REMOVAL OF STORMWATER CONTAMINANTS

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Journal of Green Building 2012年第1期7卷 17-27页

作者： Gary austin Department of Landscape Architecture at the University of Idaho

Bioretention basins hold a volume of water that is filtered through sandy soil and allowed to infiltrate into the subsoil or drained to an outlet(Figure 1).Originally,bioretention basins were intended as a site-scale tool to improve the quality of urban stormwater runoff,but they have a demonstrated impact on reduction of runoff volume and time of ***,the design of basins are complicated by a range of possible *** groundwater,improving runoff water quality to maintain or restore aquatic ecosystem health,reducing peak storm flows,extending time of concentration,and reducing runoff volume to prevent channel erosion and sedimentation are all possible goal *** a few states have guidelines or regulations for bioretention ***,some existing state design requirements do not reflect the range of goals or the research demonstrating the design and performance of bioretention *** example,the Idaho Department of Environmental Quality recommendations were published in 2005 but based information from 1993(IDEQ,2005).The first section below considers the original purpose-pollutant removal.

关键词： rain garden bioretention stormwater treatment water quality infiltration bed

Clinical approach to incidental pancreatic cysts

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第3期22卷 1236-1245页

作者： austin L Chiang Linda S Lee Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Endoscopy at Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA 02115United States

The approach to incidentally noted pancreatic cysts is constantly evolving. While surgical resection is indicated for malignant or higher risk cysts, correctly identifying these highest risk pancreatic cystic lesions remains difficult. Using parameters including cyst size, presence of solid components, and pancreatic duct involvement, the 2012 International Association of Pancreatology(IAP) and the 2015 American Gastroenterological Association(AGA) guidelines have sought to identify the higher risk patients who would benefit from further evaluation using endoscopic ultrasound(EUS). Not only can EUS help further assess the presence of solid component and nodules, but also fine needle aspiration of cyst fluid aids in diagnosis by obtaining cellular, molecular, and genetic data. The impact of new endoscopic innovations with novel methods of direct visualization including confocal endomicroscopy require further validation. This review also highlights the differences between the 2012 IAP and 2015 AGA guidelines, which include the thresholds for sending patients for EUS and surgery and methods, interval, and duration of surveillance for unresected cysts.

关键词： Pancreatic cysts Intraductal papillarymucinous neoplasms Pancreatic cystic neoplasms Endoscopic ultrasound Mucinous cystic neoplasm Serous cystadenoma

Impact of time between meniscal injury and isolated meniscus repair on post-operative outcomes:A systematic review

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第7期13卷 39-45页

作者： Kashif Javid Xavier Akins Nicole G Lemaster Amer Ahmad austin V Stone Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine University of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40504United States

BACKGROUND Meniscal tears are one of the most common knee *** the diagnosis of a meniscal tear has been made,there are several factors physicians use to guide clinical *** influence of time between injury and isolated meniscus repair on patient outcomes is not well *** this relationship is important as it may influence clinical decision-making and can add to the preoperative patient education *** hypothesized that increasing the time from injury to meniscus surgery would worsen postoperative *** To investigate the current literature for data on the relationship between time between meniscus injury and repair on patient *** PubMed,Academic Search Complete,MEDLINE,CINAHL,and SPORTDiscus were searched for studies published between January 1,1995 and July 13,2023 on isolated meniscus *** criteria included concomitant ligament surgery,incomplete outcomes or time to surgery data,and *** demographics,time to injury,and postoperative outcomes from each study were abstracted and *** Five studies met all inclusion and exclusion *** were 204(121 male,83 female)patients *** of five(60%)studies determined that time between injury and surgery was not statistically significant for postoperative Lysholm scores(P=0.62),Tegner scores(P=0.46),failure rate(P=0.45,P=0.86),and International Knee Documentation Committee scores(P=0.65).Two of five(40%)studies found a statistically significant increase in Lysholm scores with shorter time to surgery(P=0.03)and a statistically significant association between progression of medial meniscus extrusion ratio(P=0.01)and increasing time to *** Our results do not support the hypothesis that increased time from injury to isolated meniscus surgery worsens postoperative ***-making primarily based on injury interval is thus not recommended.

关键词： Meniscus Meniscal Meniscus repair Meniscectomy Patient reported outcomes Postoperative outcomes Time to surgery Injury interval

Risk-based cervical screening guidelines should utilize large diverse national database and specifically measure invasive cancer risk of screened patients

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Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinical Medicine 2021年第1期1卷 2-4页

作者： R.Marshall austin Chengquan Zhao Department of Pathology Magee-Womens HospitalUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Center300 Halket StreetPittsburghPA15213USA

Risk-Based Management Consensus Guidelines have been published in 2020 in the United states(US)by the American Society for Colposcopy and Clinical Pathology(ASCCP)^(1-3).These US guidelines evolved from earlier 2012 guidelines^(4)which were the first to be based on the principle of“equal management for equal risk.”This referred specifically to the risk of a patient developing invasive cervical cancer,“estimated by the surrogate end-point of the 5-year-risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN)grade 3(CIN3)or more severe diagnoses(CIN3+)”^(1).Still more recently released American Cancer Society(ACS)Guidelines for Cervical Cancer Screening-2020 similarly use CIN3 and CIN3+as the“best surrogate measure of incident cervical cancer risk,”given the absence of US clinical trial data sufficiently powered to evaluate cervical cancer risk^(5).We have argued that neither CIN3 nor CIN3+are equivalent and reliable surrogate end-points for invasive cervical cancer *** means that cervical screening guidelines based on these surrogate risk end-points could prove to be significantly misleading^(6).

关键词： cervical invasive utilize

“Bull’s eye”appearance of hepatocellular adenomas in patients with glycogen storage disease type I-atypical magnetic resonance imaging findings:Two case reports

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2021年第4期9卷 871-877页

作者： Federica Vernuccio Stephanie austin Mathias Meyer Cynthia D Guy Priya S Kishnani Daniele Marin Department of Biomedicine Neuroscience and Advanced DiagnosticsUniversity of PalermoPalermo 90100Italy Departments of Pediatrics Duke University Medical CenterDurhamNC 27710United States Department of Radiology Duke University Medical HospitalDurhamNC 27708United States Department of Pathology Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27710United States Division of Medical Genetics Department of PediatricsDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC 27710United States Department of Radiology Duke University Medical CenterDurhamNC 27710United States

BACKGROUND Hepatocellular adenomas are rare tumors that can occur in patients with glycogen storage disease type *** SUMMARY We herein report two cases of histologically proven hepatocellular adenomas in patients with glycogen storage disease type *** resonance imaging(MRI)was performed after bolus injection of gadoxetate disodium,a liver-specific gadolinium-based MRI contrast *** the present cases,some of the hepatocellular adenomas showed unexpectedly a“bull’s eye”appearance on T2-weighted and post-contrast images,which was not previously described as imaging findings of hepatocellular adenomas in glycogen storage disease.A bull’s eye appearance on T2-weighted images can be encountered in both benign(i.e.,abscess)or malignant(i.e.,epithelioid hemangioendothelioma,cholangiocarcinoma,and metastases)hepatic *** We present two cases of hepatocellular adenomas in patients with glycogen storage disease type 1,in which gadoxetate disodium-MRI showed atypical imaging findings for hepatocellular *** present there is no systematic study evaluating MRI findings of hepatocellular adenomas in patients with glycogen storage disease,further studies are needed to specifically investigate this issue.

关键词： Glycogen storage disease Hepatocellular adenoma Bull’s eye Magnetic resonance imaging Case report Gadoxetate disodium

Distraction arthroplasty in osteoarthritis of the foot and ankle

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2020年第3期11卷 145-157页

作者： Sherif Dabash Joshua R Buksbaum austin Fragomen S Robert Rozbruch Limb Lengthening and Complex Reconstruction Service Weill Cornell Medical College Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryHospital for Special Surgery New YorkNY 10021United States SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University College of MedicineBrooklynNew YorkNY 11226United States

Post-traumatic osteoarthritis(PTOA)is a complex and painful problem in the foot and *** percent of osteoarthritis cases in the foot and ankle can be classified as *** can affect any of the 33 joints in the foot and the *** arthroplasty is a method for treatment of early arthritic joints without fusing or replacing them and its effectiveness has been well *** purpose of this case series is to present our successful experiences and positive results using distraction arthroplasty to treat PTOA in the ankle,subtalar,first metatarsophalangeal,and second tarsometatarsal joints,and to present distraction arthroplasty as a viable alternative to invasive joint sacrificing procedures such as arthrodesis or *** Arthroplasty effectively and safely treats PTOA and improves the stability of joints in the Foot and ***,the use of bone marrow aspirate concentrate as an adjuvant can improve the long-term functional and structural outcomes of the joint,and can prolong the need for further,more aggressive surgical interventions such as fusion or arthroplasty.

关键词： Distraction arthroplasty First metatarso-phalangeal joint arthritis Second tarsometarsal joint arthritis Ankle arthritis Subtalar arthritis Post-traumatic osteoarthritis

Proximal tibial osteotomy for genu varum:Radiological evaluation of deformity correction with a plate vs external fixator

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2021年第3期12卷 140-151页

作者： S Ali Ghasemi David T Zhang austin Fragomen S Robert Rozbruch Department of Orthopedic Surgery Hospital for Special SurgeryWeill Medical College of Cornell UniversityNew YorkNY 10021United States

BACKGROUND High tibial osteotomy(HTO)is a well-known procedure for the correction of knee *** purpose of this study was to compare the radiological results and accuracy of deformity correction performed using two different techniques:acute opening wedge correction using a plate and gradual correction with a monolateral external *** To compare of the radiological results of two different techniques:acute opening wedge correction(a plate and screw)and gradual correction(external fixator).METHODS A total of 43 patients with plates and 36 patients with external fixators were *** patients had moderate uniplanar varus *** measured radiographic parameters,including the mechanical axis deviation(MAD),medial proximal tibial angle(MPTA),Caton-Deschamps Index(CDI),posterior proximal tibial angle,and joint line obliquity angle(JLOA).The accuracy of MAD correction was calculated based on a correction goal of neutral or overcorrection for medial compartment *** Demographics including age,body mass index,sex,and preoperative deformities were similar between the *** MAD significantly improved from 23.6 mm medial to the midline(SD=8.2 mm)to 6.9 mm lateral to the midline(SD=5.4 mm)(P<0.001).The accuracy of MAD correction did not differ between the groups and was 96.1%(SD=8.1%)in the plate group and 98.2%(SD=5.2%)in the external fixator group(P=0.18).The MPTA significantly improved from 83.9°(SD=2.9°)to 90.9°(SD=3.3°)(P<0.001),and the change was similar between the *** were noted in patella height,with a CDI change of-19.2%(SD=13.7%)and 3.1%(SD=8.0%)for the plate and external fixator groups,respectively(P<0.001).The change in JLOA was 1.6 degrees(SD=1.1 degrees)and 0.9 degrees(SD=0.9 degrees)for the plate and external fixator groups,respectively(P=0.04).CONCLUSION Reliable correction of moderate varus alignment was achieved with both the acute opening wedge technique with a plate and the gradual monolateral external

关键词： High tibial osteotomy External fixator Gradual correction Plate and screw Genu varum Radiological