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ENSO and Southeast Asian biomass burning modulate subtropical trans-Pacific ozone transport

National Science Review 2021年第6期8卷 120-127页

作者： Lian Xue Aijun Ding Owen Cooper Xin Huang Wuke Wang Derong Zhou Zhaohua Wu audra mc clure-begley Irina Petropavlovskikh Meinrat O.Andreae Congbin Fu Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences School of Atmospheric SciencesNanjing University Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado Chemical Sciences Division NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Department of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric SciencesFlorida State University Global Monitoring Division NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Max Planck Institute for Chemistry Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California

Trans-Pacific transport of enhanced ozone plumes has been mainly attributed to fossil fuel combustion in Asia in spring, but less attention has been paid to vegetation fires in Asia. Here we show that the El Ni?noSouthern Oscillation(ENSO)-modulated fires in Southeast Asia, rather than Asian fossil fuel plumes,dominate the interannual variability of springtime trans-Pacific transport of ozone across the entire North Pacific Ocean. During El Ni?no springs, the intensified fires from both the Indochinese Peninsula and Indonesia, together with large-scale circulation anomalies, result in enhanced ozone plumes that stretch over 15 000 km in both the lower-middle and upper troposphere. This enhancement is also observed in the in situ measurements of ozone concentration, with an almost 10% increase at Mauna Loa Observatory,Hawaii, a unique site to monitor the long-distance transport over the North Pacific. This study reports an unexpectedly strong influence of vegetation fires, linked with climate variability, on global tropospheric chemistry and proves once more how complex the interactions in the climate system are.

关键词： El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) climate biomass burning tropospheric ozone long-range transport Southeast Asia

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Surface and tropospheric ozone trends in the Southern Hemisphere since 1990: possible linkages to poleward expansion of the Hadley circulation

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Science Bulletin 2019年第6期64卷 400-409页

作者： Xiao Lu Lin Zhang Yuanhong Zhao Daniel J.Jacob Yongyun Hu Lu Hu Meng Gao Xiong Liu Irina Petropavlovskikh audra mcclure-begley Richard Querel Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences School of Physics Peking University School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Department of Earth and Planetary Science Harvard University Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Montana Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA)

Increases in free tropospheric ozone over the past two decades are mainly in the Northern Hemisphere that have been widely documented,while ozone trends in the Southern Hemisphere(SH)remain largely *** we first show that in-situ and satellite observations document increases of tropospheric ozone in the SH over 1990–*** then use a global chemical transport model to diagnose drivers of these *** find that increases of anthropogenic emissions(including methane)are not the most significant ***,we explain the trend as due to changes in meteorology,and particularly in transport *** propose a possible linkage of the ozone increases to meridional transport pattern shifts driven by poleward expansion of the SH Hadley circulation(SHHC).The SHHC poleward expansion allows more downward transport of ozone from the stratosphere to the troposphere at higher latitudes,and also enhances tropospheric ozone production through stronger lifting of tropical ozone precursors to the upper *** together may lead to increasing tropospheric ozone in the extratropical SH,particularly in the middle/upper troposphere and in austral *** expansion of the Hadley circulation is partly driven by greenhouse warming,and the associated increase in tropospheric ozone potentially provides a positive climate feedback amplifying the warming that merits further quantification.

关键词： Tropospheric ozone Ozone trend Southern Hemisphere Hadley circulation poleward expansion Widening of the tropics

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Nutrition and metabolism in burn patients

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Burns & Trauma 2017年第2期5卷 95-106页

作者： audra Clark Jonathan Imran Tarik Madni Steven E. Wolf University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd.Dallas TX 75390 USA

Severe burn causes significant metabolic derangements that make nutritional support uniquely important and challenging for burned patients. Burn injury causes a persistent and prolonged hypermetabolic state and increased catabolism that results in increased muscle wasting and cachexia. Metabolic rates of burn patients can surpass twice normal, and failure to fulfill these energy requirements causes impaired wound healing, organ dysfunction,and susceptibility to infection. Adequate assessment and provision of nutritional needs is imperative to care for these patients. There is no consensus regarding the optimal timing, route, amount, and composition of nutritional support for burn patients, but most clinicians advocate for early enteral nutrition with highcarbohydrate *** support must be individualized, monitored, and adjusted throughout recovery. Further investigation is needed regarding optimal nutritional support and accurate nutritional endpoints and goals.

关键词： Burn Nutrition Metabolism Critical care

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Between a Rock and a Dry Place： The Water-Stressed Moss

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Molecular Plant 2009年第3期2卷 478-486页

作者： audra J. Charron Ralph S. Quatrano Department of Biology Washington University in St Louis 1 Brookings Dr. St Louis MO 63130 USA

The earliest land plants faced a suite of abiotic stresses largely unknown to their aquatic algal ancestors. The descendants of these plants evolved two general mechanisms for survival in the relatively arid aerial environment. While the vascular plants or ＇tracheophytes＇ developed tissue specializations to transport and retain water, the other main lineages of land plants, the bryophytes, retained a simple, nonvascular morphology. The bryophytes--mosses, hornworts, and liverworts--continually undergo a co-equilibration of their water content with the surrounding environment and rely to a great extent on intrinsic cellular mechanisms to mitigate damage due to water stress. This short review will focus on the cellular and molecular responses to dehydration and rehydration in mosses, and offer insights into general plant responses to water stress.

关键词： Abiotic/environmental stress ABA poikilohydry Tortula ruralis bryophytes Physcomitrella patens.

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剖腹产的经济学研究

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医药高职教育与现代护理 1991年第1期8卷 32-33页

作者： audra P 范桂高

本文介绍了目前剖腹产不断增多,主要是为了胎儿的安全—防止窒息,但并发症较自然分娩多,费用也大,但考虑到一旦胎儿窒息后果严重,故难于减少。最后作者提出两点希一望。

关键词：剖腹产经济胎儿并发症剖宫产产科外科手术并发病疾病自然分娩产妇

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Quantification of anandamide,oleoylethanolamide and palmitoylethanolamide in rodent brain tissue using high performance liquid chromatographyelectrospray mass spectroscopy

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2014年第4期4卷 234-241页

作者： Daniel J.Liput Eleftheria Tsakalozou Dana C.Hammell Kalpana S.Paudel Kimberly Nixon audra L.Stinchcomb Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of PharmacyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40536USA AllTranz LexingtonKY 40505USA Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of PharmacySouth CollegeKnoxvilleTN 37922USA Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of PharmacyUniversity of MarylandBaltimoreMD 21201USA

Reported concentrations for endocannabinoids and related lipids in biological tissues can vary greatly; therefore, methods used to quantify these compounds need to be validated. This report describes a method to quantify anandamide （AEA）, oleoylethanolamide （OEA） and palmitoylethanolamide （PEA） from rodent brain tissue. Analytes were exwacted using acetonitfile without further sample clean up, resolved on a C 18 reverse-phase column using a gradient mobile phase and detected using eleclmspmy ionization in positive selected ion monitoring mode on a single quadrupole mass spectrometer. The method produced high recovery rates for AEA, OEA and PEA, ranging from 98.1% to 106.2%, 98.5% to 102.2% and 85.4% to 89.5%, respectively. The method resulted in adequate sensitivity with a lower limit of quantification for AEA, OEA

关键词： Endocarmabinoids Acylethanolamides Anandamide OEA PEA LC-MS

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感恩节快乐

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疯狂英语（初中天地） 2017年第11期 26-27页

作者： audra 大师

虽然很多事物都在不断地发生着变化,但那份最纯粹的温暖与感动是不会变的。感恩节快乐.短短的三年里可以发生很多事情。在那年的感恩节餐桌上,我们一起做了一些有实际意义的事情,给了彼此(我的丈夫、妈妈、爸爸、兄弟姐妹和朋友们)希望... 详细信息

虽然很多事物都在不断地发生着变化,但那份最纯粹的温暖与感动是不会变的。感恩节快乐.短短的三年里可以发生很多事情。在那年的感恩节餐桌上,我们一起做了一些有实际意义的事情,给了彼此(我的丈夫、妈妈、爸爸、兄弟姐妹和朋友们)希望。虽然这只是一个小小的举动,但它的意义巨大。三年后的今天,我坐在这里。

关键词：感恩节

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Weight changes and patterns of weight measurements in hospitalized burn patients:a contemporary analysis

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Burns & Trauma 2018年第4期6卷 262-268页

作者： Denisse Mendez-Romero audra T Clark Alana Christie Steven E Wolf Department of Surgery Division of BurnTraumaand Critical CareUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterE05514B5323 Harry Hines BlvdDallasTX 75390USA

Background:Severe burn is associated with significant changes in body weight due to resuscitation volumes, fluid shifts, a hypermetabolic state, prolonged bed rest, and caloric intake. Our goal was to quantify and describe trends in weight change in patients with burns of all severities under modern treatment conditions and to identify the time points at which these changes occur. Methods: An institutional review board-approved chart review was conducted of acute burn patients treated at an American Burn Association-verified regional burn center from February 2016 to November 2016. Patients were then divided into three groups based on percent of total burn surface area (%TBSA) burn:1–19%, 20–39%, and≥40%. Weight was expressed as percent change of weight from baseline. Regression analysis was conducted on percent weight changes for each TBSA group. Results:We identified 197 burn patients with a length of stay (LOS) of≥7 days. Of the study cohort, 149 had TBSA burn of 1–19%, 27 had TBSA burn of 20–39%, and 21 had TBSA burn of≥40%. All groups had a majority of White male, non-Hispanic patients with mean ages between 40 and 42 years. Burn patients with>20%TBSA burn had a median increase in weight above baseline of approximately 5 to 8%likely due to resuscitation fluids within the first week of hospitalization. Weight loss below baseline often did not exceed 10% and was more pronounced as LOS increased, mostly in patients with >20% TBSA burn. Whereas patients with 1–19% TBSA burn on average returned to baseline weight at last measurement, patients with 20–39% TBSA and ≥40%TBSA burn continued a decline in weight at 4 weeks (r2=0.57 and 0.55, respectively) on the same trajectory. Conclusions:Burn patients with>20%TBSA burn had an increase in weight above baseline of up to 8%, likely due to resuscitation fluids within the first week of hospitalization. Weight loss below baseline often did not exceed 10%and was more pronounced as LOS increased, mostly in patients with>20%TBS

关键词： Burn Weight Nutrition Metabolism Critical care

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A novel artificial nerve graft for repairing longdistance sciatic nerve defects:a self-assembling peptide nanofiber scaffold-containing poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) conduit

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第24期9卷 2132-2141页

作者： Xianghai Wang Mengjie Pan Jinkun Wen Yinjuan Tang audra D.Hamilton Yuanyuan Li Changhui Qian Zhongying Liu Wutian Wu Jiasong Guo Department of Histology and Embryology Southern Medical University Department of Histology and Embryology Xiangnan University Department of Neurology Vanderbilt University Department of Anatomy Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration Jinan University Key Laboratory of Tissue Construction and Detection of Guangdong Province Institute of Bone Biology Academy of Orthopedics

In this study, we developed a novel artificial nerve graft termed self-assembling peptide nanofiber scaffold （SAPNS）-containing poly（lactic-co-glycolic acid）（PLGA） conduit （SPC） and used it to bridge a 10-mm-long sciatic nerve defect in the rat. Retrograde tracing, behavioral testing and histomorphometric analyses showed that compared with the empty PLGA conduit implantation group, the SPC implantation group had a larger number of growing and extending axons, a markedly increased diameter of regenerated axons and a greater thickness of the myelin sheath in the conduit. Furthermore, there was an increase in the size of the neuromuscular junction and myofiber diameter in the target muscle. These findings suggest that the novel artificial SPC nerve graft can promote axonal regeneration and remyelination in the transected peripheral nerve and can be used for repairing peripheral nerve injury.

关键词： nerve regeneration peripheral nerve defect artificial nerve graft poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) self-assembling peptide nanofiber scaffold remyelination axon myelin neuromuscular junction NSFC grants neural regeneration

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植物化学物的营养与健康作用

植物化学物的营养与健康作用

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植物化学物与人体健康研究新进展国际学术研讨会

作者： audra J.Davies 纽崔莱营养与健康研究中心

＜正＞过去十年的研究证据表明:植物类食品与心血管疾病（包括中风和冠状动脉事件等）发病率呈明显的负相关关系。相比之下,摄入蔬菜及水果与癌症预防之间的关系并没有得到充分肯定,因此导致对其在癌症化学预防中的作用仅能进行保守的...

＜正＞过去十年的研究证据表明:植物类食品与心血管疾病（包括中风和冠状动脉事件等）发病率呈明显的负相关关系。相比之下,摄入蔬菜及水果与癌症预防之间的关系并没有得到充分肯定,因此导致对其在癌症化学预防中的作用仅能进行保守的推荐。现在,一些大型前瞻性队列研究已显示出:增加蔬菜及水果摄入量对癌症总体风险具有有益作用,这对于"植物为主的膳食有助减少慢性疾病"的观点提供了强有力的支持。尽管越来越多的证据表明蔬菜水果有益健康,但世界各地的人仍然继续转向摄入高脂肪和简单碳水化合物的膳食,这潜在地削弱了增加果蔬摄入量所带来的保护作用。

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