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Index-based assessment of agricultural drought in a semi-arid region of Inner Mongolia, China

Journal of Arid Land 2014年第1期6卷 3-15页

作者： Rui LI atsushi tsunekawa Mitsuru TSUBO United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences Koyama-Minami 4-101Tottori University Arid Land Research Center Tottori University

Agricultural drought is a type of natural disaster that seriously impacts food *** the relationships among short-term rainfall,soil moisture,and crop growth are complex,accurate identification of a drought situation is *** this study,using a conceptual model based on the relationship between water deficit and crop yield reduction,we evaluated the drought process in a typical rainfed agricultural region,Hailar county in Inner Mongolia autonomous region,*** quantify drought,we used the precipitation-based Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI),the soil moisture-based Crop Moisture Index(CMI),as well as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI).Correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationships between dekad-scale drought indices during the growing season(May–September)and final yield,according to data collection from 2000 to *** results show that crop yield has positive relationships with CMI from mid-June to mid-July and with the NDVI anomaly throughout July,but no correlation with *** analysis of the relationship between the two drought indices shows that the NDVI anomaly responds to CMI with a lag of 1 dekad,particularly in *** examine the feasibility of employing these indices for monitoring the drought process at a dekad time scale,a detailed drought assessment was carried out for selected drought *** results confirm that the soil moisture-based vegetation indices in the late vegetative to early reproductive growth stages can be used to detect agricultural drought in the study ***,the framework of the conceptual model developed for drought monitoring can be employed to support drought mitigation in the rainfed agricultural region of Northern China.

关键词： drought assessment drought index dekad time scale rainfed agriculture

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Changes in ecosystem service values strongly influenced by human activities in contrasting agro-ecological environments

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 691-708页

作者： Mulatu Liyew Berihun atsushi tsunekawa Nigussie Haregeweyn Mitsuru Tsubo Ayele Almaw Fenta Faculty of Civil and Water Resources Engineering Bahir Dar Institute of TechnologyBahir Dar UniversityP.O.Box 26Bahir DarEthiopia. Arid Land Research Center Tottori University1390 HamasakaTottori 680-0001Japan. International Platform for Dryland Research and Education Tottori University1390 HamasakaTottori 680-0001Japan.

Background:Evaluating the impacts of land-use/land-cover(LULC)changes on ecosystem service values(ESVs)is essential for sustainable use and management of *** this study,we evaluated the impact of human activity driven LULC changes on ESVs over the period 1982–2016/17 in contrasting agro-ecological environments:Guder(highland),Aba Gerima(midland),and Debatie(lowland)watersheds of the Upper Blue Nile basin,***:During the study period,the continuous expansion of cultivated land at the expense of natural vegetation(bushland,forest,and grazing land)severely reduced the total ESV by about US$58 thousand(35%)in Aba Gerima and US$31 thousand(29%)in Debatie *** contrast,the unprecedented expansion of plantations,mainly through the planting of Acacia decurrens,led,from 2006,to a ESV rebound by about US$71 thousand(54%)in Guder watershed,after it had decreased by about US$61 thousand(32%)between 1982 and *** reduction in natural forest area was the major contributor to the loss of total ESV in the study watersheds,ranging from US$31 thousand(63%)in Debatie to US$96.9 thousand(70%)in Guder between 1982 and 2016/*** an areaspecific basis,LULC changes reduced the average ESV from US$560 ha^(−1) year^(−1)(1982)in Guder to US$306 ha^(−1) year^(−1)(2017)in Debatie *** ESVs such as provisioning(mainly as food production)and regulating services(mainly as erosion control and climate regulation)accounted for most of the total ESVs estimated for the study ***:In most cases,the total and specific ESVs of the watersheds were negatively associated with the population growth,which in turn was positively associated with the expansion of cultivated land over the study *** Guder,however,ESVs were positively associated with population growth,especially after *** is mainly due to the expansion of Acacia decurrens *** results suggest,therefore,that future policy measures and directions should focus o

关键词： Drought prone Agro-ecologies Land use/land cover Acacia decurrens Plantations Ecosystem services Farming practices Upper Blue Nile basin

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Dynamics and hotspots of soil erosion and management scenarios of the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2012年第1期27卷 84-99页

作者： Derege Tsegaye MESHESHA atsushi tsunekawa Mitsuru TSUBO Nigussie HAREGEWEYN Arid Land Research Center Tottori University Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection Mekelle University

Most of the lowland in the central rift valley of Ethiopia is arid or semiarid and in degradation,with frequent occurrence of *** erosion by water during the rainy season is a serious problem in the region,leading to declining agricultural production,decreased food security,and a sedimentation risk for water ***,there has been no systematic study of this problem or of possible management *** meet this need,we analyzed soil erosion rates from 1973 to 2006, identified erosion hotspots,and proposed possible soil conservation *** assessed the soil loss dynamicity using the universal soil-loss equation and geographical information system software, considering the land use change at the following three periods:1973,1985 and *** characterized the watershed in terms of the erosion severity,topography,and land use to identify hotspots and proposed,modeled,and evaluated various watershed management scenarios to mitigate the *** erosion increased markedly from 1973 to 2006,with annual rates of 31,38,and 56 t ha"1 in 1973,1985,and 2006,respectively,as a result of vegetation degradation and particularly the conversion of thousands of hectares of forest or woodland into *** observed soil erosion rates are far from the tolerable rate of soil loss of the country and hence require urgent soil conservation interventions,especially in the hotspot *** proposed eight scenarios for reducing soil losses and evaluated their *** degraded land（using exclosures and planted vegetation） and installing stone erosion-control structures（stone bund） in cropland reduced the total soil loss by 12.6%and 63.8%,*** hotspot areas with annual soil loss of more than 20 t ha;by integrated management（erosion-control structures and exclosures） was the most effective approach,reducing soil loss by 87.8%.

关键词： Environmental rehabilitation Ethiopia Land degradation Soil conservation Soil erosion USLE model

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Derivation of salt content in salinized soil from hyperspectral reflectance data: A case study at Minqin Oasis, Northwest China

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Journal of Arid Land 2019年第1期11卷 111-122页

作者： QIAN Tana atsushi tsunekawa PENG Fei Tsugiyuki MASUNAGA WANG Tao LI Rui Arid Land Research Center Tottori University Life and Environmental Science Shimane University Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth Chinese Academy of Sciences

Soil salinization is a serious ecological and environmental problem because it adversely affects sustainable development worldwide, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. It is crucial and urgent that advanced technologies are used to efficiently and accurately assess the status of salinization processes. Case studies to determine the relations between particular types of salinization and their spectral reflectances are essential because of the distinctive characteristics of the reflectance spectra of particular salts. During April 2015 we collected surface soil samples(0–10 cm depth) at 64 field sites in the downstream area of Minqin Oasis in Northwest China, an area that is undergoing serious salinization. We developed a linear model for determination of salt content in soil from hyperspectral data as follows. First, we undertook chemical analysis of the soil samples to determine their soluble salt contents. We then measured the reflectance spectra of the soil samples, which we post-processed using a continuum-removed reflectance algorithm to enhance the absorption features and better discriminate subtle differences in spectral features. We applied a normalized difference salinity index to the continuum-removed hyperspectral data to obtain all possible waveband pairs. Correlation of the indices obtained for all of the waveband pairs with the wavebands corresponding to measured soil salinities showed that two wavebands centred at wavelengths of 1358 and 2382 nm had the highest sensitivity to salinity. We then applied the linear regression modelling to the data from half of the soil samples to develop a soil salinity index for the relationships between wavebands and laboratory measured soluble salt content. We used the hyperspectral data from the remaining samples to validate the model. The salt content in soil from Minqin Oasis were well produced by the model. Our results indicate that wavelengths at 1358 and 2382 nm are the optimal wavebands for monitoring the

关键词： salinity index soil salt content spectral reflectance waveband pairs arid regions

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Increase in medium-size rainfall events will enhance the C-sequestration capacity of biological soil crusts

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2019年第1期11卷 81-92页

作者： CuiHua Huang Fei Peng Itaru Shibata Jun Luo Xian Xue Kinya Akashi atsushi tsunekawa Tao Wang Minqin Salinization Research Station Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Science International Platform for Dryland Research and Education Tottori University Arid Land Research Center Tottori University

Biological soil crusts(BSCs) play important roles in the carbon(C) balance in arid regions. Net C balance of BSCs is strongly dependent on rainfall and consequent activation of microbes in the BSCs. The compensation-rainfall size for BSCs(the minimum rainfall amount for a positive net C balance) is assumed to be different with BSCs of different developmental stages. A field experiment with simulated rainfall amount(SRA) of 0, 1, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mm was conducted to examine the C fluxes and compensation-rainfall size of BSCs in different parts of fixed dunes in the ecotone between the Badain Jaran Desert and the Minqin Oasis. We found algae-lichen crust on the interdunes and crest, algae crust on the leeward side, and lichen-moss crust on the windward. Even a small rainfall(1 mm) can activate both photosynthesis and respiration of all types of BSCs. The gross ecosystem production, ecosystem respiration, and net ecosystem exchange were significantly affected by SRA, hours after the simulated rainfall, position on a dune, and their interactions. The rapid activation of photosynthesis provides a C source and therefore could be responsible for the increase of C efflux after each rewetting. C-uptake and-emission capacity of all the BSCs positively correlated with rainfall size, with the lowest C fluxes on the leeward side. The compensation rainfall for a net C uptake was 3.80, 15.54, 8.62, and 1.88 mm for BSCs on the interdunes, the leeward side, the crest, and the windward side, respectively. The whole dune started to show a net C uptake with an SRA of 5 mm and maximized with an SRA of about 30 mm. The compensation-rainfall size is negatively correlated with chlorophyll content. Our results suggest that BSCs will be favored in terms of C balance, and sand dune stabilization could be sustained with an increasing frequency of 5-10 mm rainfall events in the desert-oasis transitional zone.-

关键词： biological soil crust rainfall size desert-oasis ecotone C balance arid region

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Efficiency of soil and water conservation practices in different agro-ecological environments in the Upper Blue Nile Basin of Ethiopia

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Journal of Arid Land 2018年第2期10卷 249-263页

作者： Dagnenet SULTAN atsushi tsunekawa Nigussie HAREGEWEYN Enyew ADGO Mitsuru TSUBO Derege T MESHESHA Tsugiyuki MASUNAGA Dagnachew AKLOG Ayele A FENTA Kindiye EBABU The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences Tottori University School of Civil and Water Resource Engineering Institute of Technology Bahir Dar University Arid Land Research Center Tottori University International Platform for Dryland Research and Education Tottori University Department of Natural Resources Management Bahir Dar University Institute for Soil Climate and Water Agricultural Research Council Faculty of Life and Environmental Science Shimane University Center for International Affairs Tottori University

In developing countries such as Ethiopia, research to develop and promote soil and water conservation practices rarely addressed regional diversity. Using a water-balance approach in this study, we used runoff plots from three sites, each representing a different agro-ecological environment, e.g., high, mid and low in both elevation and rainfall, in the Upper Blue Nile Basin of Ethiopia to examine the runoff response and runoff conservation efficiency of a range of different soil and water conservation measures and their impacts on soil moisture. The plots at each site represented common land use types（cultivated vs. non-agricultural land use types） and slopes（gentle and steep）. Seasonal runoff from control plots in the highlands ranged 214–560 versus 253–475 mm at midlands and 119–200 mm at lowlands. The three soil and water conservation techniques applied in cultivated land increased runoff conservation efficiency by 32% to 51%, depending on the site. At the moist subtropical site in a highland region, soil and water conservation increased soil moisture enough to potentially cause waterlogging, which was absent at the lowrainfall sites. Soil bunds combined with Vetiveria zizanioides grass in cultivated land and short trenches in grassland conserved the most runoff（51% and 55%, respectively）. Runoff responses showed high spatial variation within and between land use types, causing high variation in soil and water conservation efficiency. Our results highlight the need to understand the role of the agro-ecological environment in the success of soil and water conservation measures to control runoff and hydrological dynamics. This understanding will support policy development to promote the adoption of suitable techniques that can be tested at other locations with similar soil, climatic, and topographic conditions.

关键词： agro-ecology drought-prone runoff coefficient runoff conservation efficiency Ethiopia

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Agroecology-based land use/land cover change detection,prediction and its implications for land degradation:A case study in the Upper Blue Nile Basin

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2024年第4期12卷 786-797页

作者： Taye Minichil Meshesha atsushi tsunekawa Nigussie Haregeweyn Mitsuru Tsubo Ayele Almaw Fenta Mulatu Liyew Berihun Arega Mulu Tadesual Asamin Setargie Samuel Berihun Kassa The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences Tottori University4-101 Koyama-MinamiTottori680-8553Japan School of Civil and Water Resource Engineering Debre Markos Institute of TechnologyDebre Markos UniversityP.O.Box 269Debre MarkosEthiopia Arid Land Research Center Tottori University1390 HamasakaTottori680-0001Japan International Platform for Dryland Research and Education Tottori University1390 HamasakaTottori680-0001Japan Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering Tropical Research and Education CenterIFASUniversity of FloridaHomesteadFLUSA Faculty of Civil and Water Resources Engineering Bahir Dar Institute of TechnologyBahir Dar UniversityP.O.Box 26Bahir DarEthiopia

This study examined land use/land cover(LULC)changes in Chemoga watershed of the Upper Blue Nile Basin,comprising four distinct agroecological regions:Wet Wurch,Moist Dega,Moist Weyna Dega,and Moist *** used multi-temporal Landsat images from 1985 to 2020,a hybrid classification method and the Cellular Automata-Markov model to analyze historical and predict future(2020-2060)LULC changes under business-as-usual(BAU)and land conservation(LC)*** and patterns of spaciotemporal LULC changes were analyzed using intensity *** expanded across all agroecologies from 1985 to 2020,with Moist Kolla experiencing the highest increase at the expense of woodland,due the introduction of commercial farming to this hotter,less populated and inaccessible *** Dega exhibited the highest allocation changes within cropland and forest,attributable to farmers’adoption of rotational land use to rehabilitate extensively degraded cultivated *** the BAU scenario,projections suggest further cropland expansion at expense of woodland in Moist Kolla and built-up areas at the expense of cropland and grassland in Moist *** the LC scenario,forest cover is expected to increase at the expense of cropland across all *** historical and projected BAU LULC change scenario substantially increased soil erosion and reduced ecosystem *** effects can be minimized if LC scenario is properly *** agroecology-based LULC intensity analysis reveals local drivers of change and associated impacts,providing vital insights for targeted land use planning in this study watershed and other watersheds facing similar challenges.

关键词： Drought-prone Remote sensing Land use planning LULC prediction Intensity analysis

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Effect of Polyacrylamide integrated with other soil amendments on runoff and soil loss:Case study from northwest Ethiopia

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第3期10卷 487-496页

作者： Birhanu Kebede atsushi tsunekawa Nigussie Haregeweyn Mitsuru Tsubo Temesgen Mulualem Amrakh I.Mamedov Derege Tsegaye Meshesha Enyew Adgo Ayele Almaw Fenta Kindiye Ebabu Tsugiyuki Masunaga Bahir Dar Institute of Technology Bahir Dar UniversityP.O.Box 26Bahir DarEthiopia Arid Land Research Center Tottori University1390 HamasakaTottori680-0001Japan International Platform for Dry Land Research and Education Tottori University1390 HamasakaTottori680-0001Japan College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Bahir Dar UniversityP.O.Box 1289Bahir DarEthiopia Faculty of Life and Environmental Science Shimane UniversityShimane Matsue690-0823Japan

Anionic polyacrylamide(PAM)has the potential to reduce soil erosion through soil ***,a comprehensive study about its effectiveness especially when applied combined with other amendments have rarely been conducted in the tropical highland climatic conditions,such as in *** study assessed the effectiveness of PAM(P=40 kg ha^(-1))alone or integrated with other soil amendments such as gypsum(G=5 t ha^(-1)),lime(L=4 t ha^(-1))and biochar(B=8 t ha^(-1))on runoff and soil loss at Aba Gerima watershed in the Upper Blue Nile basin,northwest of Ethiopia,where there is high erosion-caused soil degradation.A total of 79 daily runoff and sediment data were collected from eight runoff plots(1.3m×4m)with three replications planted with teff(Eragrostis tef)crop for two years(2018&2019)rainy *** changes in soil physicochemical properties and crop growth parameters were *** reduced seasonal runoff by 12–39%and soil loss by 13–53%.The highest reduction in runoff was observed from P+B and PAM treatments while the highest reduction in soil loss was observed from that of P+L and PAM *** PAM with other amendments improved soil structural stability,moisture content,soil pH(P+L)and organic matter(P+B),leading to favorable environment for crop growth(biomass yield)and reduced runoff and soil *** PAM,biochar and lime amendments may need more time after application to be more *** continuing the field experiment and studying physico-chemical mechanisms for extended period will better elucidate their single or combined effectiveness over time.

关键词： Dryland Soil amendments Polyacrylamide Soil erosion Soil properties

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Considerations on Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development in Dryland Areas

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Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 2010年第4期17卷 20-24页

作者： LI Li tsunekawa atsushi TSUBO Mitsuru KOIKE atsushi Arid Land Research Center Tottori University 1390 Hamasaka Tottori 680-0001 Japan Faculty of Engineering Tottori University

Drylands of the world cover 41%of the Earth＇s land surface and are a direct source of livelihood for 6.5 billion people, especially in developing countries. However, nearly all drylands are at risk of land degradation as a result of human activities. Poverty and desertification in dryland areas are major problems threatening sustainable agriculture and rural development in dryland areas. Several topics that are significant for sustainable agriculture and rural development for food security and environmental rehabilitation in dryland areas were stressed in this paper.

关键词： dryland area sustainable agriculture and rural development integrated land management sustainable livelihood

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Tillage and crop management impacts on soil loss and crop yields in northwestern Ethiopia

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第1期10卷 75-85页

作者： Fekremariam Asargew Mihretie atsushi tsunekawa Nigussie Haregeweyn Enyew Adgo Mitsuru Tsubo Kindiye Ebabu Tsugiyuki Masunaga Birhanu Kebede Derege Tsegaye Meshesha Wataru Tsuji Muluken Bayable Mulatu Liyew Berihun The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences Tottori University4-101 Koyama-MinamiTottori680-8553Japan Amhara Regional Agricultural Research Institute P.O.Box527Bahir DarEthiopia Arid Land Research Center Tottori University1390 HamasakaTottori680-0001Japan International Platform for Dryland Research and Education Tottori University1390 HamasakaTottori680-0001Japan College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Bahir Dar UniversityP.O.Box 1289Bahir DarEthiopia Faculty of Life and Environmental Science Shimane UniversityShimaneJapan Faculty of Civil and Water Resource Engineering Bahir Dar Institute of TechnologyBahir Dar UniversityP.O.Box252Bahir DarEthiopia Faculty of Agriculture Tottori UniversityTottoriJapan

Lack of appropriate agronomic practices is one of the major causes for soil erosion and low yields in teff(Eragrostis tef[Zucc.])production in Ethiopia.A 3-yr study was conducted at the Aba Gerima watershed in northwestern Ethiopia,to investigate the effects of two tillage practices(reduced tillage[RT]and conventional tillage[CT]),two planting methods(row planting[RP]and broadcast planting[BP]),and two compaction options(with[+T]and without[-T]trampling)on soil loss and teff yields in a split-split plot *** concentration ranged from 0.01 to 5.37 g L^(-1)(mean,0.25 g L^(-1))in our ***,the estimated total(August-October)soil loss ranged from 0.2 to 0.5 t ha^(-1)(mean,0.3 t ha^(-1)).The sediment concentration and total soil loss were significantly influenced(P<0.05)by tillage,planting methods,and trampling only in the third monitoring *** reduced soil loss by 19% relative to that of CT,whereas RP resulted in a 13%reduction in soil loss over ***-T plots showed a 15%reduction in soil loss as compared to+T *** revealed significant increase in soil total carbon and nitrogen in RT *** soil loss and greater teff grain yield were obtained in plots with improved agronomic practices(RT and RP)compared to conventional ones(CT and BP).Based on our findings we conclude that the use of RT,RP,and-T practices can effectively minimize soil loss without any crop yield penalty.

关键词： Drought-resistance Grain yield Reduced tillage Row planting Soil erosion Teff

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