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Quality and Sensory Properties of Reduced Fat Yoghurt Made with Addition of <i>β</i>-Glucans

Food and Nutrition Sciences 2018年第4期9卷 390-402页

作者： Eleni C. Pappa Efthymia Kondyli William MacNaughtan athanasia kakouri Konstantinos Nesseris Cleanthes Israilides Dairy Research Department Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DEMETER Katsikas Greece Division of Food Sciences School of Biosciences University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus Loughborough UK DODONI S.A. 1 Tagmatarchi Kostaki Eleousa Greece Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products Hellenic Agricultural Organisation-DEMETER 1 S.Venizelou Lycovrysi Greece

β-Glucans, isolated from Pleurotus citrinopileatus mushroom, were used in the manufacture of yoghurt from reduced fat cow milk with added proteins. β-Glucans were added to the milk in the form of a paste containing 1.21% (on a dry weight basis) of β-glucans, such that the final concentrations in the yoghurt were 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5%. Control yoghurt was also manufactured from the same milk without the addition of β-glucans. The resultant yoghurts were examined for their physicochemical and microbial characteristics, gel formation and sensory properties and compared to the control at 1, 7, 14 and 21 days of storage. Results showed that the microbial population, pH, titratable acidity, ash and syneresis were not affected by the addition of different levels of glucans. The lowest fat, total solids and protein contents were recorded in the yoghurt containing 0.5% glucan. The yoghurt containing 0.3% β-glucan had the same viscosity as the control and the yoghurt containing 0.5% β-glucan had the lowest viscosity. Yoghurt with β-glucans received slightly higher scores for flavour, appearance and texture than the control. It was concluded that the incorporation of 0.3% or 0.4% β-glucans isolated from edible mushrooms, into the yoghurt does not affect the final product, which is similar or sensorially even better than the control.

关键词： β-glucans Functional Yoghurt Pleurotus citrinopileatus Mushroom

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Antidiabetic treatment on memory and spatial learning: From the pancreas to the neuron

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World Journal of Diabetes 2019年第3期10卷 169-180页

作者： Eleni Xourgia athanasia Papazafiropoulou 1~(st) Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetes Center Tzaneio General Hospital of Piraeus

The detrimental effects of constant hyperglycemia on neural function have been quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated in the setting of diabetes mellitus. Some of the hallmark features of diabetic encephalopathy (DE) are impaired synaptic adaptation and diminished spatial learning capacity. Chronic and progressive cognitive dysfunction, perpetuated by several positive feedback mechanisms in diabetic subjects, facilitates the development of early-onset dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Despite the numerous clinical manifestations of DE having been described in detail and their pathophysiological substrate having been elucidated in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, an effective therapeutic approach is yet to be proposed. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize the growing body of evidence concerning the effect of current antidiabetic treatment options on diabetic and non-DE.

关键词： Memory Spatial learning Cognitive Neural remodeling Type 2 diabetes mellitus Antidiabetic drugs

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Effects of Chios mastic gum on cardiometabolic risk factors

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World Journal of Diabetes 2022年第11期13卷 921-925页

作者： athanasia K Papazafiropoulou The First Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetes Center Tzaneio General Hospital of PiraeusPiraeus 18536Greece

Chios mastic gum(CMG),the resin produced by the trunk of Pistachia lentiscus var Chia,has been used for culinary and medicinal purposes since *** the fact that Pistacia species are widely distributed throughout the Mediterranean basin and in the circum-Mediterranean regions,CMG is a distinctive resin of the mastic trees grown exclusively in the southern part of the island of *** has been used for centuries as a spice,a cosmetic,but its most important usage has been as a strong phytotherapeutic therapy,primarily for the management of gastrointestinal ***,there are studies demonstrating that CMG has hypolipidemic,cardioprotective and antidiabetic ***,the aim of the present review is to summarize the existing literature data regarding the potential beneficial effects of CMG on cardiometabolic risk factors.

关键词： Chios mastic gum Glucose Cardioprotection Low-density lipoproteincholesterol Triglycerides

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Nucleic acid vaccines: A taboo broken and prospect for a hepatitis B virus cure

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第41期27卷 7005-7013页

作者： Efthymios P Tsounis athanasia Mouzaki Christos Triantos Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of PatrasPatras 26504Greece Division of Hematology Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of PatrasPatras 26504Greece

Although a prophylactic vaccine is available,hepatitis B virus(HBV)remains a major cause of liver-related morbidity and *** treatment options are improving clinical outcomes in chronic hepatitis B;however,true functional cure is currently the exception rather than the *** acid vaccines are among the emerging immunotherapies that aim to restore weakened immune function in chronically infected *** vaccines in particular have shown promising results in vivo by reducing viral replication,breaking immune tolerance in a sustained manner,or even decimating the intranuclear covalently closed circular DNA reservoir,the hallmark of HBV *** DNA vaccines encoding surface antigens administered by conventional injection elicit HBVspecific T cell responses in humans,initial clinical trials failed to demonstrate additional therapeutic benefit when administered with nucleos(t)ide *** an attempt to improve vaccine immunogenicity,several techniques have been used,including codon/promoter optimization,coadministration of cytokine adjuvants,plasmids engineered to express multiple HBV epitopes,or combinations with other *** vaccine delivery by electroporation is among the most efficient strategies to enhance the production of plasmid-derived antigens to stimulate a potent cellular and humoral anti-HBV *** results suggest that DNA vaccination via electroporation efficiently invigorates both arms of adaptive immunity and suppresses serum HBV *** contrast,the study of mRNA-based vaccines is limited to a few in vitro experiments in this *** studies are needed to clarify the prospects of nucleic acid vaccines for HBV cure.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis B Therapeutic vaccination Nucleic acid vaccines DNA vaccines Electroporation Immunotherapy

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Effects of antidiabetic drugs on epicardial fat

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World Journal of Diabetes 2018年第9期9卷 141-148页

作者： Eleni Xourgia athanasia Papazafiropoulou Andreas Melidonis 1st Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetes Center Tzaneio General Hospital of Piraeus

Epicardial adipose tissue is defined as a deposit of adipocytes with pathophysiological properties similar to those of visceral fat, located in the space between the myocardial muscle and the pericardial sac. When compared with subcutaneous adipose tissue, visceral adipocytes show higher metabolic activity, lipolysis rates, increased insulin resistance along with more steroid hormone receptors. The epicardial adipose tissue interacts with numerous cardiovascular pathways via vasocrine and paracrine signalling comprised of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines excretion. Both the physiological differences be-tween the two tissue types, as well as the fact that fat distribution and phenotype, rather than quantity, affect cardiovascular function and metabolic processes, establish epicardial fat as a biomarker for cardiovascular and metabolic syndrome. Numerous studies have underlined an association of altered epicardial fat morphology, type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM) and adverse cardiovascular events. In this review, we explore the prospect of using the epicardial adipose tissue as a therapeutic target in T2 DM and describe the underlying mechanisms by which the antidiabetic drugs affect the pathophysiological processes induced from adipose tissue accumulation and possibly allow for more favourable cardiovascular outcomes though epicardial fat manipulation.

关键词： Epicardial fat Adipose tissue Type 2 diabetes mellitus Antidiabetic drugs

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Type 2 diabetes and quality of life

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World Journal of Diabetes 2017年第4期8卷 120-129页

作者： Aikaterini Trikkalinou athanasia K Papazafiropoulou Andreas Melidonis Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetes Center Tzaneio General Hospital of Piraeus18536 PiraeusGreece

It is true that a primary goal of diabetes early diagnosis and treatment is quality of life(QoL). The term QoL is still confusing but it is agreed that it composes of four components:The physical component, mental, cogitative component, psychological and social component. Many articles have been written addressing those four components. During the last five years 15500 articles and reviews have been written addressing diabetes and coronary arterial disease, 16100 addressing diabetes and renal function, 28900 addressing diabetes and retinopathy, 16800 addressing diabetic foot ulcers and other 26300 addressing diabetic neuropathy. Moreover 17200 articles are dealing with diabetic sexual dysfunction, 24500 with the correlation of diabetes and depression 17500 about diabetes and dementia, only 1 about diabetes and family functioning and 1950000 about diabetes and QoL, indicating the worldwide interest. In order to confront this metabolic anomaly and its consequences, researchers developed numerous generic and disease specific psychometric tools. With the aid of those psychometric tools the scientific community has started to realize the gruesome effect of diabetes on patients' lives. Diabetic's QoL becomes worse when complications start to develop or comorbidities coexist. Dominant amongst complications, in health-related quality of life(HRQoL) lowering, but not related to risk factors(genetic, the weight of birth, or others) is coronary arterial disease followed by renal failure, blindness, and the combination of micro-and macrovascular complications and in some studies by sexual dysfunction. Moreover many are the comorbidities which deteriorate further the effect of diabetes in a patient life. Among them obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, depression, arthritis are the most common. Most intriguing field for research is the interaction of diabetes and depression and in some cases the progression to dementia. Many aspects and combinations of actions are under researche

关键词： Type 2 diabetes Quality of life Diabetes co morbidities Diabetes complications Dementia Diabetes type 3

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Toward a new era of hepatitis B virus therapeutics:The pursuit of a functional cure

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第21期27卷 2727-2757页

作者： Efthymios P Tsounis Evanthia Tourkochristou athanasia Mouzaki Christos Triantos Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineMedical SchoolUniversity of PatrasPatras 26504Greece Division of Hematology Department of Internal MedicineMedical SchoolUniversity of PatrasPatras 26504Greece

Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection,although preventable by vaccination,remains a global health problem and a major cause of chronic liver *** current treatment strategies suppress viral replication very efficiently,the optimal endpoint of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)clearance is rarely ***,the thorny problems of persistent chromatin-like covalently closed circular DNA and the presence of integrated HBV DNA in the host genome are ***,the scientific community has focused on developing innovative therapeutic approaches to achieve a functional cure of HBV,defined as undetectable HBV DNA and HBsAg loss over a limited treatment period.A deeper understanding of the HBV life cycle has led to the introduction of novel direct-acting antivirals that exert their function through multiple mechanisms,including inhibition of viral entry,transcriptional silencing,epigenetic manipulation,interference with capsid assembly,and disruption of HBsAg *** parallel,another category of new drugs aims to restore dysregulated immune function in chronic hepatitis B accompanied by lethargic cellular and humoral *** of innate immunity by pattern-recognition receptor agonists leads to upregulation of antiviral cytokine expression and appears to contribute to HBV *** checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive transfer of genetically engineered T cells are breakthrough technologies currently being explored that may elicit potent HBV-specific T-cell *** addition,several clinical trials are attempting to clarify the role of therapeutic vaccination in this ***,it is increasingly recognized that elimination of HBV requires a treatment regimen based on a combination of multiple *** review describes the rationale for progressive therapeutic interventions and discusses the latest findings in the field of HBV therapeutics.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis B Functional cure Direct-acting antivirals Gene silencing Immunotherapy Therapeutic vaccination

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Role of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors in the new era of antidiabetic treatment

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World Journal of Diabetes 2022年第2期13卷 85-96页

作者： Matilda Florentin Michael S Kostapanos athanasia K Papazafiropoulou Department of Internal Medicine School of MedicineUniversity of IoanninaIoannina 45221Greece Lipid Clinic Department of General MedicineCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustAddenbrooke's HospitalCambridge CB20QQUnited Kingdom 1st Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetes Center Tzaneio General Hospital of PiraeusAthens 18536Greece

The last few years important changes have occurred in the field of diabetes *** priority in the therapy of patients with diabetes is not glycemic control per se rather an overall management of risk factors,while individualization of glycemic target is ***,regulatory authorities now require evidence of cardiovascular(CV)safety in order to approve new antidiabetic *** most novel drug classes,i.e.,sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors(SGLT2-i)and some glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1 RA),have been demonstrated to reduce major adverse CV events and,thus,have a prominent position in the therapeutic algorithm of *** this context,the role of previously used hypoglycemic agents,including dipeptidyl peptidase 4(DPP-4)inhibitors,has been ***-4 inhibitors have a favorable safety profile,do not cause hypoglycemia or weight gain and do not require dose ***,they can be administered in patients with chronic kidney disease after dose modification and elderly patients with ***,though,they have been undermined to a third line therapeutic choice as they have not been shown to reduce CV events as is the case with SGLT2-i and GLP-1 ***,DPP-4 inhibitors appear to have a place in the management of patients with diabetes as a safe class of oral glucose lowering agents with great experience in their use.

关键词： Cardiovascular safety Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors Glucose lowering Hypoglycemia Therapeutic algorithm Weight gain

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Comparison of success rate and intraocular pressure spikes between selective laser trabeculoplasty and micropulse laser trabeculoplasty in African American and Hispanic patients

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2023年第1期16卷 75-80页

作者： Alexander Z Robin Palwasha Syar Dana Darwish Catherine Thomas NMPfahler Agni kakouri Thomas Patrianakos Michael Giovingo Department of Ophthalmology John H.StrogerJr.Hospital of Cook CountyChicagoIL 60612USA Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science North ChicagoIL 60064USA Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL 60612USA Department of General Surgery University of Texas at HoustonHoustonTX 77030USA

AIM:To examine the efficacy and safety of micropulse laser trabeculoplasty(MLT)versus selective laser trabeculoplasty(SLT)in a large cohort of primarily African American and Hispanic ***:A single center retrospective comparative cohort review conducted at Cook County Health facilities that included patients with a diagnosis of open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension who received an SLT or MLT procedure between January 2017 and May ***:Totally 131 eyes of 99 patients were *** 77 eyes received SLT and 54 received *** out of 77 eyes in the SLT group(9.1%)and 1 out of 54 eyes in the MLT group(1.9%)had an IOP spike(defined as>5 mm Hg)at either 1h or 1wk after procedure(P=0.05,Chisquared test with Haldane-Anscombe correction).The procedure failure rate at one year was 50%for SLT and 48%for MLT(P=0.31).CONCLUSION:MLT has a significantly lower incidence of pressure spikes and a similar treatment failure rate at 1-year post-procedure,demonstrating that it is a reasonable alternative compared to SLT.

关键词： selective laser trabeculoplasty micropulse laser trabeculoplasty glaucoma open angle glaucoma ocular hypertension

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Unveiling the biological role of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators in inflammatory bowel diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第1期29卷 110-125页

作者： Evanthia Tourkochristou athanasia Mouzaki Christos Triantos Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineMedical SchoolUniversity of PatrasPatras 26504Greece Division of Hematology Department of Internal MedicineMedical SchoolUniversity of PatrasPatras 26504Greece

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract that has a high epidemiological prevalence *** increasing disease burden worldwide,lack of response to current biologic therapeutics,and treatment-related immunogenicity have led to major concerns regarding the clinical management of IBD patients and treatment *** disease pathogenesis and disease-related molecular mechanisms is the most important goal in developing new and effective ***-1-phosphate(S1P)receptor(S1PR)modulators form a class of oral small molecule drugs currently in clinical development for IBD have shown promising effects on disease improvement.S1P is a sphingosine-derived phospholipid that acts by binding to its receptor S1PR and is involved in the regulation of several biological processes including cell survival,differentiation,migration,proliferation,immune response,and lymphocyte trafficking.T lymphocytes play an important role in regulating inflammatory *** inflamed IBD tissue,an imbalance between T helper(Th)and regulatory T lymphocytes and Th cytokine levels was *** S1P/S1PR signaling axis and metabolism have been linked to inflammatory responses in IBD.S1P modulators targeting S1PRs and S1P metabolism have been developed and shown to regulate inflammatory responses by affecting lymphocyte trafficking,lymphocyte number,lymphocyte activity,cytokine production,and contributing to gut barrier function.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Sphingosine-1-phosphate Intestinal inflammation T helper 1/T helper 17 Sphingosine 1 phosphate Modulators Immune responses

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