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Partial Fusion (F) Gene Analysis of Newcastle Disease Virus Detected in Pakistan during 2021-2022

Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第5期12卷 256-275页

作者： Muhammad Danish Mehmood Huma Anwar Ul-Haq rauf Khalid Yasir Amin Muhammad Usman Ghani Muhammad Ismail Rabia Habib Fareeha Arshed Abdul Rasheed Shaukat Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology University of Lahore Lahore Pakistan Research & Development Division Ottoman Pharma Lahore Pakistan Quality Assurance Department Ottoman Pharma Lahore Pakistan Veterinary Research and Disease Investigation Center Abbottabad Pakistan Quality Control Department Ottoman Pharma Immuno Lahore Pakistan Production Department Ottoman Pharma Lahore Pakistan Poultry Production Department Sabir&#8217s Poultry Pvt. Ltd. Sabroso Pakistan

Newcastle disease (ND) virus is a leading threat to commercial and domestic poultry in Pakistan. The virus infects and constitutes irreversible impairment to the nervous system, damages the respiratory system, and marks severe gastrointestinal lesions leading to heavy mortality in short-living birds and substantial losses in layers and breeders. The continuous emergence and evolution of the virus made it inclined to evade the humoral response and indirectly the circumvention of artificial active immunization. Newcastle disease is caused by the orthoavula genus of the paramyxoviridae family and has shown high genetic diversity even in their genotypes while information regarding enzootic trends of the virus is scanty in Pakistan. A total of 40 tracheal samples of NDV were collected from different commercial broiler farms and 11 isolates of NDV were identified. In the current study, we determined the genetic diversity of the Newcastle disease virus based on the partial sequencing of the fusion protein gene available in the NCBI database. Genetic analysis showed that seven isolates belonged to class I genotype VII and four belonged to class II genotype II. Interestingly, two isolates had epidemiological connections with vaccine-like class II genotype II. Our findings, concerning the recent outbreaks of class I genotype VII and class II genotype II of NDV in vaccinated commercial flocks, suggest possible potential partial mutations in the fusion protein gene. Genetic diversity and formation of the new cleavage site in an important neutralizing protein of wild strain are linked with the potency of artificial active immunization and a major cause of vaccine failure.

关键词： Newcastle Disease Virus Haemagglutination Inhibition Polymerase Chain Reaction Phylogenetic Tree Mutation Analysis

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Synthesis of novel 3,5-disubstituted-dihydroisoxazoles from methyl undec-10-enoate and isoxazoles,triazole and tetrazolo-triazole from methyl undec-10-ynoate

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2009年第10期20卷 1145-1149页

作者： Shweta Sharma Abdul rauf Department of Chemistry Aligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh 202002 India

The efficient cycloaddition reactions were carried out to afford the novel 3,5-disubstituted-dihydroisoxazoles from methyl undec-10-enoate and isoxazoles, triazole and tetrazolo-triazole from methyl undec-10-ynoate. T... 详细信息

关键词： 3,5-Disubstituted-dihydroisoxazoles Triazole Methyl undec-10-enoate and undec-10-ynoate

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Infrastructure of Sustainable Energy Development in Pakistan:A Review

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2020年第2期8卷 206-218页

作者： Sidra Kanwal Bilal Khan Muhammad Qasim rauf the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering COMSATS University IslamabadAbbottabad Campus 22010Pakistan the Department of Electrical Engineering Capital University of Science and TechnologyIslamabadPakistan

Pakistan is an energy-resourceful country with vast and untapped renewable energy sources(RESs).The wind,solar,and biomass of the country are practically capable of ending a power sector collapse caused by demand-supply variances.A significant percentage of Pakistan’s population resides in rural *** rural population,the lack of connection to the mainstream of national development is a direct consequence of frequent power blackouts and,in certain cases,a lack of grid connection *** features of smart grid are not fully incorporated into the power network yet,but policy-makers are paying attention to increase RES reliance.A comprehensive study describing the renewable energy potential of Pakistan is of *** research work attempts to present a collective summary of Pakistan’s renewable energy potential.A statistical analysis of the proposed and installed projects in various districts are *** paper elaborates the pressing needs of renewable energy integration for resolving Pakistan’s energy *** energy projects are acclaimed in this paper for affording higher living standards and better job opportunities than the fossil fuel based industry in *** RESs into the national portfolio is guaranteed to offer profound socio-economic benefits to Pakistan’s rural population.

关键词： Biomass energy geothermal energy renewable energy source(RES) solar energy smart grid wind energy

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A Novel One Pot Synthesis of o-Nitrophenylacetic Acid and Unexpected p-Nitrobenzoic Acid by HNO3-Mediated CHz Extrusion Reaction of Phenylacetic Acid

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2012年第2期30卷 353-356页

作者： Sohail,Muhammad Raza,Abdul rauf Ibn-e-Sina Block Department of ChemistryUniversity of SargodhaSargodha 40100Pakistan Department of Applied Chemistry School of Chemical Engineering and EnvironmentBeijing Institute of Technology5 South Zhongguaneun StreetHaidian DistrictBeijing 100081China

The HNO3-mediated commercially important 2-nitrophenylacetic acid. CH2 extrusion reactions product 4-nitrobenzoic of phenylacetic acid lead to acid through the formation one pot synthesis of unexpected of 4-nitropheny... 详细信息

关键词： synthetic methods regioselectivity carboxylic acid aromatic substitution industrial chemistry

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Synthesis and evaluation of in vitro antibacterial activity of novel 2,5-disubstituted-l,3,4-thiadiazoles from fatty acids

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2008年第12期19卷 1427-1430页

作者： Mudasir R.Banday Abdul rauf Department of Chemistry Aligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh 202002India

A series of new 1-（alkenoyl/hydroxyalkenoyl）-4-benzoyl-thiosemicarbazides 2a-d and 2-benzamide-5-alkenyl/hydroxyalk- enyl-1,3,4-thiadiazoles 3a-d were synthesized from fatty acid hydrazides. Structure of all these compounds was confirmed by IR, IH NMR, Sac NMR, mass spectra and elemental analysis. The bioassay results indicate that some compounds 2e, 2d, 3e and 3d have good antibacterial activity.

关键词： Aroylthiosemicarbazide 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Antibacterial activity

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One-pot synthesis,antibacterial and antifungal activities of novel 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2008年第1期19卷 5-8页

作者： Abdul rauf Shweta Sharma Saloni Gangal Department of Chemistry Aligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh 202002India

A series of novel 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles have been synthesized from long-chain alkanoic and alkenoic acids. The structures of these compounds have been elucidated by elemental and spectral （IR, ^1H NMR, ^13C NMR, MS） analysis. Furthermore, compounds were screened for in vitro antibacterial activity against the representative panel of two Gram-positive and two Gram- negative bacteria. All the synthesized compounds were also tested for their inhibitory action against five strains of fungus. The various compounds show potent inhibitory action against test organisms. 2007 Abdul rauf. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

关键词： 2,5-Disubstituted-l,3,4-oxadiazoles Antibacterial activity Antifungal activity

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Coping with handover effects in video streaming over cellular networks

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2006年第Z1期7卷 137-144页

作者： BOUAZIZI Imed HANNUKSELA Miska M rauf Usama Nokia Research Center Tampere 33720 Finland

The 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) has defined the protocols and codecs for implementing media streaming services over packet-switched 3G mobile networks. The specification is based on IETF RFCs on audio/video *** also adds new features to achieve better adaptation to the mobile network environment. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for handover detection and fast buffer refill that is based on the existing feedback and signaling mechanisms. The proposed algorithm refills the receiver buffer at a faster pace during a limited time frame after a hard handover is detected in order to achieve higher video quality.

关键词： Video streaming, 3GPP packet-switched streaming service, Handover detection, Hard handover, Fast buffer refill,Mobile networks

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Utilization of Maxwell-Cattaneo law for MHD swirling flow through oscillatory disk subject to porous medium

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2019年第6期40卷 837-850页

作者： A. rauf Z. ABBAS S. A. SHEHZAD Department of Mathematics The Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur 63100Pakistan Department of Mathematics COMSATS University IslamabadSahiwal 57000Pakistan

The present study aims to investigate the salient features of incompressible, hydromagnetic, three-dimensional flow of viscous fluid subject to the oscillatory motion of a disk. The rotating disk is contained in a porous medium. Furthermore, a time-invariant version of the Maxwell-Cattaneo law is implemented in the energy equation. The flow problem is normalized by obtaining similarity variables. The resulting nonlinear system is solved numerically using the successive over-relaxation method. The main results are discussed through graphical representations and tables. It is perceived that the thermal relaxation time parameter decreases the temperature curves and increases the heat trans- fer rate. The oscillatory curves for the velocity field demonstrate a decreasing tendency with the increasing porosity parameter values. Two- and three-dimensional flow phenom- ena are also shown through graphical results.

关键词： time-dependent flow oscillatory disk porous medium magnetohydrody-namic (MHD) Maxwell-Cattaneo law numerical solution

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A Semantic Adversarial Network for Detection and Classification of Myopic Maculopathy

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第4期75卷 1483-1499页

作者： Qaisar Abbas Abdul rauf Baig Ayyaz Hussain College of Computer and Information Sciences Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)Riyadh11432Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan

The diagnosis of eye disease through deep learning (DL) technologyis the latest trend in the field of artificial intelligence (AI). Especially indiagnosing pathologic myopia (PM) lesions, the implementation of DL is adifficult task because of the classification complexity and definition system ofPM. However, it is possible to design an AI-based technique that can identifyPM automatically and help doctors make relevant decisions. To achieve thisobjective, it is important to have adequate resources such as a high-qualityPM image dataset and an expert team. The primary aim of this research isto design and train the DLs to automatically identify and classify PM intodifferent classes. In this article, we have developed a new class of DL models(SAN-FSL) for the segmentation and detection of PM through semanticadversarial networks (SAN) and few-short learning (FSL) methods, *** to DL methods, the conventional segmentation methodsuse supervised learning models, so they (a) require a lot of data for trainingand (b) fixed weights are used after the completion of the training *** solve such problems, the FSL technique was employed for model trainingwith few samples. The ability of FSL learning in UNet architectures is beingexplored, and to fine-tune the weights, a few new samples are being providedto the UNet. The outcomes show improvement in the detection area andclassification of PM stages. Betterment in the result is observed by sensitivity(SE) of 95%, specificity (SP) of 96%, and area under the receiver operatingcurve (AUC) of 98%, and the higher F1-score is achieved using 10-fold ***, the obtained results confirmed the superiority of theSAN-FSL method.

关键词： Artificial intelligence cardiovascular vision loss deep learning few-shot learning semantic segmentation myopic maculopathy

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Effects of magnetic field on photon-induced quantum transport in a single dot-cavity system

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Chinese Physics B 2016年第11期25卷 270-274页

作者： Nzar rauf Abdullah Aziz H Fatah Jabar M A Fatah Physics Department College of Science University of Sulaimani Science Institute University of Iceland

In this study,we show how a static magnetic field can control photon-induced electron transport through a quantum dot system coupled to a photon *** quantum dot system is connected to two electron reservoirs and exposed to an external perpendicular static magnetic *** propagation of electrons through the system is thus influenced by the static magnetic and the dynamic photon *** is observed that the photon cavity forms photon replica states controlling electron transport in the *** the photon field has more energy than the cyclotron energy,then the photon field is dominant in the electron ***,the electron transport is enhanced due to activation of photon replica *** contrast,the electron transport is suppressed in the system when the photon energy is smaller than the cyclotron energy.

关键词： photon connected reservoirs zigzag suppressed perpendicular exposed spacing Hamiltonian confinement

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