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Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Isolates from Urine and Pleural Fluid in Two Hospitals of cameroon

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Open Journal of medical microbiology 2024年第1期14卷 39-49页

作者： cécile Ingrid Djuikoue Farid Wega Grace Yemina Kombeu cedric Seugnou Nana christiane Possi Kiyang Lussabella Pohoko medzam Erica megane Noubissi makougoum Nellie mbianga Nkuigoua Herman Koyouo Tagne mérimé Joël Tchinda Talokou Yvonne Valérie Yolande mavoungou ashu m.c.el agbor microbiology Department of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the Université des montagnes Bangangté Cameroon Faculty of medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon microbiology Department of the Faculty of Health Sciences of Institut Universitaire du Golf de Guinée Douala Cameroon centre Hospitalier Dominicain St martin de Porres Yaoundé Cameroun Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Université Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville République du Congo

Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium rank among the leading causes of nosocomial bacteremia and urinary tract infections. They often persist on hospital surfaces due to their ability to withstand adverse environmental conditions (low or high temperatures, high pH, and high salinity). The global Enterococcus faecalis-Enterococcus faecium ratio is currently shifting towards Enterococcus faecium. Enterococci present variable levels of resistance to certain families of antibiotics. This is the case for aminoglycosides, beta-lactams and cephalosporins. In 2017, WHO ranked Enterococci among priority pathogens for research and development of new antibiotics. The objective of our study was to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolates from urine and pleural fluid in two hospitals in cameroon. This cross-sectional and analytic study was carried out between June to August 2023 on hospitalized and day patients in which a cytobacteriological test of urine and pleural fluid was done. The samples were inoculated on cLED Agar for urine and on chocolate + polyvitex and blood agar (prepared from columbia agar) for pleural fluid samples and incubated at 37℃ for 18 to 24 hours. Identification of isolates was carried out using the API 20 STREP micro gallery (Biomerieux, France) and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. The data on socio-demographical and potential risk factors were recorded using self-administered questionnaires and data from laboratory analyses of the specimen were collected in a data capture sheet. Potential risk factors associated with the presence of Enterococci, were evaluated using the logistic regression in univariate and multivariate analysis. P value considered as significant. A total of 511 patients were recruited who were predominantly females. Enterococcus spp were isolated in 27.79% of our samples with Enterococcus faecalis mostly encountered. Enterococcus spp showed a high

关键词： Enterococcus faecalis Enterococcus faecium Healthcare-Associated Infections Antimicrobial Resistance cameroon

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喀麦隆初级汉语综合课教学设计 ——以喀麦隆Bilingual Grammar School molyko为例

喀麦隆初级汉语综合课教学设计 ——以喀麦隆Bilingual Grammar S...

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作者： agbor SmITH FOmBO 重庆交通大学

学位级别：硕士

本文主要探讨了喀麦隆“Bilingual Grammar School molyko”初级汉语综合课的教学设计与实践。通过对该校汉语学习情况的调查研究,以及对综合课教学设计的深入分析,评估和反思,为喀麦隆中学汉语教学提供理论依据和实践指导。本研究具有... 详细信息

本文主要探讨了喀麦隆“Bilingual Grammar School molyko”初级汉语综合课的教学设计与实践。通过对该校汉语学习情况的调查研究,以及对综合课教学设计的深入分析,评估和反思,为喀麦隆中学汉语教学提供理论依据和实践指导。本研究具有重要的学术和实际意义,既丰富了国际汉语教育理论,又为汉语教师在非洲国家的教学实践提供了具体参考。在第二章中,研究对喀麦隆“Bilingual Grammar School molyko”中学汉语学习情况进行了详尽调查。调查采用问卷、访谈等方法,收集了学生、教师和学校管理者的多维度数据。分析结果显示,该校学生对汉语学习具有较高兴趣,但在学习过程中也面临诸多挑战,如语言环境缺乏、学习资源不足和教学方法单一等问题。这些问题的存在,不仅制约了学生的汉语学习效果,也影响了汉语教学的进一步发展。第三章聚焦于“Bilingual Grammar School molyko”中学生综合课的教学设计。根据调查结果和教学实践经验,结合汉语国际教育的理论和方法,设计了一套适合喀麦隆中学生的汉语综合课教学方案。该方案从教学目标、课程设置、教学内容、教学方法和评价体系等方面进行了系统规划。教学目标明确,注重听、说、读、写四项技能的全面发展;课程设置合理,既有基础知识的传授,又有文化素养的培养;教学内容丰富,涵盖语言知识、文化知识和交际能力的培养;教学方法多样,采用任务型教学、情景教学等方法,提高学生的学习兴趣和参与度;评价体系完善,既有形成性评价,又有终结性评价,全面监测学生的学习效果。第四章对“Bilingual Grammar School molyko”初级中文综合课的教学设计进行了评估与反思。评估采用质性和量性相结合的方法,通过课堂观察、学生测试、教师访谈等途径,全面分析了教学设计的实施效果。评估结果表明,该教学设计在提高学生汉语水平和学习兴趣方面取得了一定成效,但也存在一些不足,如教学资源有限、师资力量不足、教学方法需要进一步改进等。基于评估结果,研究提出了一系列改进建议,如增加教学资源投入、加强教师培训、改进教学方法等,为后续的教学实践提供了有益参考。本研究通过对喀麦隆“Bilingual Grammar School molyko”初级汉语综合课教学设计的调查、分析和反思,不仅丰富了国际汉语教育理论,也为喀麦隆中学汉语教学实践提供了重要参考。研究结果显示,科学合理的教学设计对提高学生汉语学习效果具有重要作用,但同时也需要持续关注和解决实际教学中存在的问题,才能真正实现汉语教育的长远发展。本论文的研究方法具有一定创新性,通过综合运用问卷调查、访谈、课堂观察和教学评估等多种方法,获取了详实的数据,确保了研究结果的可靠性和科学性。研究不仅对喀麦隆汉语教学具有重要指导意义,也对其他非洲国家的汉语教育实践具有参考价值。希望本研究能够为喀麦隆及其他非洲国家的汉语教学提供有益借鉴,推动国际汉语教育事业的发展。

关键词：喀麦隆中学汉语教学教学设计你好喀麦隆

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The contribution of Hemispherical Photographs to Understand Natural Forest Regeneration in the AKAK Forest Area

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Open Journal of Forestry 2024年第3期14卷 313-326页

作者： agbor James Ayamba Nkwatoh Athanasius Fuashi Kamah Pascal Bumtu Department of Forestry and Wildlife University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Environmental Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon

Examining the contribution of hemispherical photographs in the understanding of Natural forest regeneration is very important in estimating the future forest structure, composition and to enforce conservation regulations. This study sets out to examine the interaction between stump sprouting, LAI, site and canopy openness for the entire AKAK forest area and for the logging compartments;2013, 2015 and 2017 respectively. 49 sprouted stump were identified randonly. 20 m × 20 m plots were demarcated along a canopy gaps for each sprouted stump, the plots were established in such a manner that the sprouted stumps will be in the middle. For each of the selected 49 sprouted stump, indirect measurements of canopy cover were performed in the 49 plots of 20 m × 20 m (0.04 ha), giving a total of 1.96 ha of land covered. Galaxy S3 smartphone with a built-in Infinix ZERO 4 fish-eye lens with 198˚ view angle equidistant projection was used to take photos. The fish-eye lens was mounted on the phone camera and photograph were taken at a fixed height of 1.3 m. Results revealed that, the combine Principal component Factor Analysis (2013, 2015 and 2017) of the correlation matrix for Sprout, Years, LAI 4%, LAI 5%, canopy and Site openness, shows that factor 1 explained 62.6% of total variance while factor 2 explained 17.9% together explain 80.05% communalities. For the year 2013, 2015 and 2017 respectively shows that there is a very strong correlation (p p < 0.0005) between LAI4 and LAI5.

关键词： Hemispherical Photographs Natural Forest Regeneration AKAK Forest

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Floristic Diversity in Forest management Units: Implications for Biodiversity conservation in FmU 09-025

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Open Journal of Forestry 2024年第3期14卷 327-345页

作者： agbor James Ayamba Amos Fang Zeh Kamah Pascal Bumtu Ndjounguep Juscar mfonden Poumie mounir Nkenfack Achey Djike Department of Forestry and Wildlife University of Buea Buea Cameroon Ajemalebu Self Help Kumba South West Region Cameroon Department of Geography University of Buea Buea Cameroon School of mining University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Department of Forestry and Wildlife University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Institute for Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) Yaounde Cameroon

The assessment of floristic composition and diversity is very important in forest management units. This study sets out to determine the species diversity and implications for biodiversity conservation in FmU 09-025 of the campo ma’an National park, South Region of cameroon. Due to human activities in the area, the study site was divided into two Blocks (A and B). The transect method was employed in data collection. A total 14 long transects were established parallel to each other in blocks at a distance of 3 km apart, 8 transects in Block A and 6 Transects in Block. In each transect, plots of 20 × 500 m were established at intervals of 500 m. Within each plot, all individual trees ≥ 10 cm were identified, measured, and recorded. The DBH of all trees were measured at 1.3 using the DBH meter tape. The height of trees was measured through estimation (average estimates of all field researchers). Results revealed a total of eight thousand one hundred and twenty four (8124) individual plants with DBH ≥ 10 cm in the entire study area. From this number, 5113 tree stems ≥ 10 cm were identified and measured in Block A. This belongs to 216 species in 47 families. In block B a total of and 5011 stems were identified and measured. This belongs to 239 species in 47 families. Fabaceae, Annonaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Rubiaceae were found to be the most dominant plant families in the study site. Erythrophleum ivorense, Lophira alata, Dialium bipindense, musanga cecropioides, Alstonia boonei, Pterocarpus soyauxii, Guibourtia ehie, Staudtia kamerunensis, Desbordesia glaucescens, Sacoglottis gabonensis were found to be the most dominant plant species. 41 species are of conservation concern according to the IUcN global Red List 2023 and IUcN local status. These species are considered species with high-priority for conservation. We have 6 endangered species, 11 near Threatened species, and 25 vulnerable species. There was no significant difference in species diversity in the two Blocks.

关键词： composition Floral Diversity FmU conservation concern

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Improved tabledng behavior of paracetamol in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone additive: Effect of mixing conditions

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Particuology 2019年第2期17卷 9-18页

作者： Ayuk agbor Rose Waseem Kaialy School of Pharmacy Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Wolverhampton Wolverhampton WV1 1LY UK

monoclinic paracetamol (PA) is notorious as a poorly compactible model drug. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is a polymer that can act as an effective binder to improve the mechanical properties of PA. It is surprising however that the role of mixing conditions on the physicochemical and mechanical properties of PA-PVP mixtures has not been reported previously. The results of this work showed that PA-PVP mixtures containing 5%(w/w) PVP prepared using high energy mixing conditions had considerably smaller particle size distributions and higher cohesivities than mixtures prepared using low energy mixing conditions. Solid-state analysis did not detect any change in the monoclinic crystalline form of PA after mixing with PVP. The following rank order of tabletability for PA-PVP mixtures was obtained according to the mixing condition: low shear-medium shearmogenization. A higher level of hydrogen bonding was detected in the mixtures prepared via high energy mixing conditions than in those prepared using low energy mixing conditions. mixing is therefore a critical process that needs to be optimized during the preparation of in teractive mixtures for tableting.

关键词： Direct compression Interactive mixtures Hydrogen bonding mechanical properties Physicochemical properties Tableting

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modulation of the in vitro Oxidative Stress and Erythrocyte cell membrane Integrity Using Aqueous, Hydroethanolic and Ethanolic Stem-Barks Extracts of Greenwayodendron suaveolens (Engl. & Diels) Verdc

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2024年第3期15卷 39-61页

作者： Patrick Hervé Diboue Betote moustapha Gambo Abdoulaye Francis Ngolsou Esther Del Florence Ndedi moni Adeline Sabine Fanta Yadang Fidel castro Lah Weyepe Gabriel A. agbor Nga Nnanga maximilienne Ascension Nyegue Laboratory of Pharmacology and Drugs Discovery Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies Yaoundé Cameroon Laboratory of microbiology Department of Microbiology Faculty of Science University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon multidisciplinary Laboratory Department of Galenical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Law Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Physicochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences Abdou Moumouni University Niamey Niger Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies Yaoundé Cameroon

Pneumonia, a respiratory infection induces acute or chronic inflammation, characterized by increased activity of lymphocytes and neutrophils, thus generating oxygen-free radicals that decrease the endogenous antioxidants defence system. The aim of this experimental study focused on the capacity of nontoxic aqueous, hydroethanolic and ethanolic extracts of Greenwayodendron suaveolens (Engl. & Diels) Verdc. subsp. suaveolens to regulate free reactive species and protein inflammation generated by infectious disease. The phytochemical screenings of G. suaveolens extracts were carried out according to precipitation and colorimetric methods. The total antioxidant and flavonoid contents were determined by the Folin-ciocalteu and Aluminium chloride ethanolic methods. The efficiency of G. suaveolens extracts on free radicals was evaluated using DPPH•, ABTS+•, and FRAP methods. The anti-inflammatory properties of extracts were evaluated according to in vitro protein (BSA) denaturation, Proteinase Inhibitory Action, and Red Blood cell membrane stabilization assays. The G. suaveolens aqueous, hydroethanolic and ethanolic extracts were used for the acute toxicity assessment according to the OEcD protocol. The obtained results showed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, polyphenols, tannins, anthocyanins, alkaloids, terpenoids, and sterols as secondary metabolites families in G. suaveolens extracts. The highest contents of total antioxidants and flavonoids were highlighted in the hydroethanolic extract. However, it’s the G. suaveolens aqueous extract that showed the best free radical DPPH• and ABTS+• scavenging activities (Sc50) of 11.06 μg/mL and 15.16 μg/mL respectively. The highest ferric-reducing activity was found in G. suaveolens ethanolic extract with 866.23 μg EGA/mg of dry weight. The hydroethanolic extract has shown a high anti-inflammatory activity through BSA denaturation and erythrocyte membrane haemolysis with i

关键词： Greenwayodendron suaveolens Secondary metabolites Oxidative Stress Antioxidant Activity Anti-Inflammatory Properties and Oral Acute Toxicity

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Anti-viral and anti-inflammatory effects of kaempferol and quercetin and cOVID-2019:A scoping review

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2021年第8期11卷 327-334页

作者： mohammad Reza Khazdair Akbar Anaeigoudari Gabriel A.agbor cardiovascular Diseases Research center Birjand University of Medical SciencesBirjandIran Department of Physiology Jiroft University of Medical SciencesJirofIran center for Research on medicinal Plants and Traditional medicine Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants StudiesMinistry of Scientific Research and InnovationsYaoundeCameroon

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2(SARS-coV-2)is a novel coronavirus identified at the end of *** is recognized as the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019(cOVID-19).Flavonoids have been shown to exhibit therapeutical effect on complications related to *** present study reviews possible therapeutic benefits of flavonoids on *** Web of Science,Pubmed,Scopus,and Google Scholar were searched using keywords:“cOVID-19”,“SARS-coV-2”,“Kaempferol”and“Quercetin”in the Title/*** published articles in the English language until August 2020 were *** and quercetin showed antiviral properties such as inhibition of protein kinase B and phosphorylation of protein kinase and blocking effects on a selective channel(3a channel)expressed in SARS-coV infected *** also reduced the level of reactive oxygen species,expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase,pro-inflammatory mediators including TNF-α,IL-1α,IL-1β,IL-6,IL-10,and IL-12 p70,and *** and quercetin might exert beneficial effects in the control or treatment of cOVID-19 because of their antiviral,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and immunomodulatory effects.

关键词： SARS-coV-2 Flavonoids Kaempferol Quercetin Immunomodulation Anti-inflammatory Antiviral effects

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Antioxidant Effect of Herbs and Spices on copper mediated Oxidation of Lower and Very Low Density Lipoprotein

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中国天然药物 2010年第2期8卷 114-120页

作者： Gabriel A.agbor Joe A.Vinson Julius E.Oben Jeanne Y.Ngogang cRPmT Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants StudiesP.O Box 6163Yaoundé Cameroon Department of chemistry University of ScrantonScrantonPennsylvania18510 USA Department of Biochemistry University of YaoundéICameroon Department of Physiological Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of YaoundéICameroon

AIm:The present study investigates the antioxidant effect of two extracts(hydrolyzed and non-hydrolyzed)of five herbs and eight spices in the prevention of LDL+VLDL oxidation promoted by cupric ***:The polyphenolic concentrations of these extracts were measured using Folin-ciocalteu *** antioxidant quality was analyzed by the determination of lag-time,concentration of polyphenol that will inhibit 50%of oxidation of LDL+VLDL(Ic50)and phenol antioxidant index(PAOXI). RESULTS:The hydrolyzed extracts had significant higher polyphenol concentration,longer lag-time,lower Ic50 and higher PAOXI than the non-hydrolyzed extracts(Pct contains better quantity and quality polyphenolic antioxidant than the non-hydrolyzed *** hydrolyzed and non-hydrolyzed extracts were better antioxidants than Vitamin E in the inhibition of LDL+VLDL ***:The reaction rate and concentration of conjugated diene formed suggested that all the extracts had similar reaction mechanism in the prevention of copper mediated LDL+VLDL oxidation.

关键词：抗氧化剂药草水解多酚

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The biomedical significance of the phytochemical, proximate and mineral compositions of the leaf, stem bark and root of Jatropha curcas

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2015年第8期5卷 635-641页

作者： Atamgba agbor Asuk margaret Akpana Agiang Kayode Dasofunjo Amonor James Willie Department of medical Biochemistry Cross River University of TechnologyOkuku Campus P.M.B 1123Calabar Cross River State Nigeria Department of Biochemistry University of Calabar

Objective: To analyse the phytochemical contents of leaf, stem bark and root of Jatropha curcas(J. curcas) in four solvent extracts and their proximate and mineral compositions. methods: Standard analytical procedures were used for the determination of phytochemicals, proximate and mineral compositions of the leaf, stem bark and root extracts of J. curcas. Results: Results of the analysis showed the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, coumarins, saponins, terpenoids, steroids, triterpenoid saponins, carotenoids, phlobatannins and tannins in the leaf, stem bark and root of all the solvent extracts. Flavonoids were present in the highest amount in the ethyl acetate extracts of the leaf(7.35% ± 0.02%), stem bark(4.12% ± 0.01%) and root(3.35% ± 0.02%) followed by polyphenols in the methanol extracts of leaf(4.62% ± 0.02%), stem bark(2.77% ± 0.05%) and root(2.49% ± 0.02%). Poly-acetylated compounds were absent in all the solvent extracts of the leaf, stem bark and root. However, some anti-nutritional agents such as oxalates, phytates and cyanates were present in all the solvent extracts of the leaf, stem bark and root except the ethyl acetate. Phytates were high in the aqueous solvent of the leaf(6.12% ± 0.00%) but low in the stem bark(1.00% ± 0.05%) and root(0.89% ± 0.03%). Proximate composition showed appreciable amounts of total carbohydrate(36.33% ± 0.72%), crude protein(26.00% ± 0.47%) and reducing sugars(5.87% ± 0.14%) in the leaf, while crude fat was more in the stem bark(16.70% ± 0.30%). There was corresponding substantial energy in the leaf [(1 514.77 ± 20.87) kJ /100 g] and stem bark [(907.00 ± 8.52) kJ /100 g]. moisture and ash contents of the leaf, stem bark and root were within acceptable limits for the use in drugs formulation. The mineral composition showed substantial amounts of important elements such as Fe, ca, Na, mg and Zn. Others were P, K and Se. conclusions: The outcome of this study suggests that the leaf, stem bark

关键词： Jatropha curcas Solvent extracts Phytochemicals Proximate composition mineral composition

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Exploring a New Lifetime Distribution for modelling the Waiting Time of Bank customers

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Journal of Applied mathematics and Physics 2024年第1期12卷 194-209页

作者： Simon A. Ogumeyo Jacob c. Ehiwario Festus c. Opone Department of mathematics Delta State University of Science and Technology Ozoro Nigeria Department of Statistics University of Delta Agbor Nigeria Department of Statistics Delta State University of Science and Technology Ozoro Nigeria

The fitting of lifetime distribution in real-life data has been studied in various fields of research. With the theory of evolution still applicable, more complex data from real-world scenarios will continue to emerge. Despite this, many researchers have made commendable efforts to develop new lifetime distributions that can fit this complex data. In this paper, we utilized the Km-transformation technique to increase the flexibility of the power Lindley distribution, resulting in the Kavya-manoharan Power Lindley (KmPL) distribution. We study the mathematical treatments of the KmPL distribution in detail and adapt the widely used method of maximum likelihood to estimate the unknown parameters of the KmPL distribution. We carry out a monte carlo simulation study to investigate the performance of the maximum Likelihood Estimates (mLEs) of the parameters of the KmPL distribution. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the KmPL distribution for data fitting, we use a real dataset comprising the waiting time of 100 bank customers. We compare the KmPL distribution with other models that are extensions of the power Lindley distribution. Based on some statistical model selection criteria, the summary results of the analysis were in favor of the KmPL distribution. We further investigate the density fit and probability-probability (p-p) plots to validate the superiority of the KmPL distribution over the competing distributions for fitting the waiting time dataset.

关键词： Km-Transformation Power Lindley Distribution Data Fitting moments Quantiles

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